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THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE 
ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 




HA1,L OF RECORDS 

HOME OF THE MAYOR's COMMITTEE 
ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



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THE 

MAYOR'S COMMITTEE 



ON 



NATIONAL DEFENSE 




HALL OF RECORDS 

CITY OF NEW YORK 

1918 






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^ 



Copyright, 191 9, by 
The Mayor's Committee on National Defense 



§CI.A511611 
JAN 30 1919 



CONTENTS 



VOi 



Page 

Executive Committee ix 

Executive Staff xi 

Foreword xiii 

Special Committees: 

Army and Navy Forces i 

Arts and Decoration 7 

Associated Cities 15 

Associated War Work 29 

Building and Construction 39 

Civic Finance 45 

Civic Problems 53 

Commerce 67 

Domestic Supplies 73- 

Entertainment and Reception 79 

Labor 85 

Law 93 

Loyalty loi 

Medical and Surgical Relief . . . . . . . iii 

National Activities . . 121 



CONTENTS 



Special Committees — Continued: p^ge 

Nationalism 127 

Organized Guard 139 

Public Instruction 145 

Retail Industries 157 

Risks and Insurance 167 

Sanitation 181 

Shipping and Harbor Defense 191 

Trades and Manufactures . 201 

Transportation 209 

Wholesale Industries 215 

Finances 226 

Bureaus: 

Draft Information . . . . . . . . . . 229 

Employment 232 

Information 236 

Investigation and Intelligence 240 

Publicity 242 

Recruiting 247 

Red Cross and Civic Aid 254 

Speakers' 258 

Transportation 265 

Volunteer Service 272 

Members of the General Committee ..... 275 

Index 321 



CviH 



PLATES 



so 



Hall of Records, Home of the Mayor's 

Committee on National Defense . . Frontispiece v 

George W. Loft, Chairman following page x "^ 

Members of the Executive Committee, 

4 plates " " X </ 

Henry MacDonald, Director-General . . " " xii 

Members of the Executive Staff, 2 plates . " " xii /^ 

Plan of Organization " " xvi V 

Yacht Sur^ " " 6 ^ 

Luncheon in Honor of Prince Axel of 

Denmark " "24 ■ 

Typical Independence Day Float ... " " 52 v 

Dinner in Honor of Officers of the 

Argentine and Brazilian Navies . . " " 82 .- 

Independence Day Diploma .... " " 108 "/ 

Syrian Float, Independence Day ... " " 120 y/ 

Independence Day Float, Portugal . . . " " 138 v^ 

Great Britain and Her Colonies, Inde- 
pendence Day " " 156 ^ 

China's Contribution on Independence 

Day " " i8ot/ 

Cvn;] 



PLATES 

East River Pier Facilities following page 194 ^ 

Section of the Independence Day Pageant- 
Parade " "214 

Independence Day Float, the Lusitania . " " 242 

Ready to Embark on the Surf .... " " 272 

Group of War Workers at "Journey's End" " " 272 



CvniH 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



George W. Loft 
Chairman 

George MacDonald 
Vice-Chairman 

Louis G. Kaufman 
Treasurer 

Henry MacDonald 
Director-General 



Alexander, Charles B. 
Benjamin, George Hillard 
Brady, Nicholas F. 
Clark, William A. 
Dodge, Cleveland H. 
duPont, Coleman 
Durant, W. C. 
English, William H. 
Friedsam, Michael 
Grace, Joseph P. 
Harriss, John A. 
HoYT, Henry R. 



Josephthal, Louis M. 
Mackay, Clarence H. 
McCarthy, John A. 
Patterson, Rufus L. 
ScHiFF, Mortimer L. 
Schwab, Charles M. 
Seligman, Henry 
Shepard, Finley J. 
Sinclair, H. F. 
Smith, Alfred E. 
Wanamaker, Rodman 
WiNTHROP, Henry Rogers 




GEORGE W. LOFT 

CHAIRMAN 




MORTIMER L. SCHIFF 
GEORGE MACDONALD 



LOUIS G. KAUFMAN 
RUFUS L. PATTERSON 



LOUIS M. JOSEPHTHAL 
CLARENCE H. MACKAY 

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 




W. C. DURANT 
MICHAEL FRIEDSAM 



HENRY R. HOYT 
JOSEPH P. GRACE 



JOHN A. HARRISS 
FINLEY J. SHEPARD 

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 




GEORGE H. BENJAMIN 
CLEVELAND H. DODGE 



NICHOLAS F. BRADY 
COLEMAN DU PONT 



CHARLES B. ALEXANDER 
WILLIAM A. CLARK 



MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 




RODMAN WANAMAKER 
H. F. SINCLAIR 



ALFRED E. SMITH 
HENRY SELIGMAN 



CHARLES M. SCHWAB 

HENRY ROGERS WINTHROP 

WILLIAM H. ENGLISH 



MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



EXECUTIVE STAFF 



Henry MacDonald 

Director-General 

Fred. T. Newell 
Secretary 

Edward B. Cochems, Manager 

Miss Ruth Manning, Assistant 

Transportation, Recruiting, and Employment Bureaus 

John J. Reardon 
Director Publicity Bureau 

Edward P. Gaston 

Irvin G. Herman Charles A. Hickey 

Secretaries to Special Committees 

Miss Anne E. O'Brien 
Secretary Speakers' Bureau 

John F. Fitzpatrick 
Private Secretary to Director-General 

Miss Edith Proper 
Librarian 




HENRY MACDONALD 

DIRECTOR-GENERAL 




FRED. T. NEWELL 
JOHN J. REARDON EDWARD B. COCHEMS 

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE STAFF 




RUTH MANNING 
IRVIN G. HERMAN 



EDITH PROPER 
CHARLES A. HICKEY 



ANNE E. O BRIEN 

EDWARD P. GASTON 

JOHN F. FITZPATRICK 

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE STAFF 



FOREWORD 



Hon. George W. Loft, Chairman 

The Mayor's Committee on National Defense 
City of New York 

My dear Mr. Loft: 

Having been honored with the appointment as Director-Gen- 
eral in active charge of the operations of The Mayor's Com- 
mittee on National Defense, it is my pleasure to present in the 
following pages an account of the work undertaken by the 
Committee. 

You will find herein detailed the plan of organization; the 
activities which the Committee has engaged upon, and the 
manner and method in which it functions. 

In taking up this work in the great strain and stress of war, 
the need for a wide and effective organization became at once 
apparent. To better appreciate the necessity for a strong and 
effective Mayor's Committee in 1918, I need only mention 
the havoc which prevailed in New York City in 1863, when 
the Draft Riots succeeded in temporarily disorganizing the 
City, destroying millions of dollars of property and costing the 
lives of more than one thousand people. At the present time 
we have the most diversified population of any city in the 
world, numbering approximately seven millions of people, 
eighty per cent, of whom either are foreign-born or directly 
descended from foreign-born parents; and among the forty-two 
nationalities, or racial subdivisions, nearly one hundred lan- 
guages or dialects are spoken. In no other city in the world 
therefore do we find so many civic and war-time problems 
which call for wise consideration and effective treatment. 

Hxin] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Moreover, the recognized leadership of New York in national 
affairs; its commanding position in commerce; its pre-eminence 
as the centre of American finance; and its influence upon inter- 
national relations — all the foregoing are factors which neces- 
sarily have determined the scope and character of the organ- 
ization, so that its operations have not been confined to matters 
of defense only, but have proceeded to the consideration of 
the varied social and economic problems having a distinct 
bearing on war-time conditions. 

Accordingly, we have organized the invited membership 
into a series of Special Committees, each Committee taking 
cognizance of subjects fundamentally pertinent to the present 
situation. The execution of all work inaugurated by the re- 
spective Committees is carried out by a series of Bureaus, 
each in charge of a member of the Executive Staff. These 
Bureaus not only are co-operative, but they function inde- 
pendently; having definite fields of usefulness as set forth in 
the following pages. The work of all Committees and Bu- 
reaus, as you are aware, comes immediately under the super- 
vision of the Director-General, who confers with the Executive 
Committee, under your Chairmanship, on important matters 
of policy. To more readily visualize the basic structure and 
plan of organization, reference may be made to the chart 
included within this volume. 

That the Committee as organized has proved to be a practical 
medium for war work in this City is clearly shown by the 
results already achieved. The Federal authorities continually 
utilize its services for the interpretation of the war program 
in New York. Invaluable assistance has been rendered to all 
branches of the Army and Navy Departments in their recruit- 
ing campaigns, no less than seventeen liaison officers, both of 
the Army and Navy, having been assigned to our Bureaus for 
this purpose. Great assistance has been given in meeting the 
pressing needs of the Merchant Marine; effective and practical 
co-operation has been given by the Committee for the success- 
ful carrying out of the Selective Service Law; a ready response 
was granted to the appeal of the various Allied war recruiting 

CxivH 



FOREWORD 



missions established in this City; prompt compliance is given 
in furnishing specialists to meet the urgent requirements of 
our Army abroad; reception and entertainment are accorded to 
distinguished Allied and other visitors coming to America on 
diplomatic and official business; and the Committee, in pro- 
viding free transportation to the Army, Navy and the important 
civilian war-working agencies, performs a service of unexampled 
magnitude. 

These references are suggestive only of a few of the ways 
in which the Committee has loyally supported the war program. 
Its intensive field of operation, however, is naturally concerned 
with matters of national defense in their local application, 
together with the consideration of the economic and social 
problems and the remedial measures to be put into operation 
to maintain the City's pre-war status. To this end a careful 
vigilance is maintained against plots, intrigues and incipient 
sedition, which might develop into a grave menace if prompt 
checks were not immediately placed upon them. Precautionary 
measures have been initiated and gradually developed for the 
repulsion of enemy air raids, submarine depredations or other 
hostile acts, and it is particularly gratifying to note the results 
of the Committee's efforts at instilling a feeling of mutual 
confidence and patriotic devotion among our great foreign 
population at this time when unity of purpose and action is 
so necessary in successfully waging the war. 

The latter phase was strikingly evidenced in the Independ- 
ence Day Pageant-Parade of the present year, when practically 
every nationality within our City and its environs joined in 
an unparalleled demonstration of their loyalty under the lead- 
ership of The Mayor's Committee. 

The careful attention which our distinguished and patriotic 
citizens are giving to this work promises not only to be of 
great and permanent benefit to this City, but it is believed 
that the form of organization and the duties already under- 
taken will prove to be a suggestive medium for the other cities 
throughout the nation in effecting collective action by means 
of a uniform plan. 

Cxv^ 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

An examination of tlie following pages will show the notable 
results already accomplished by these men, who, like myself, 
are serving with no other reward than the satisfaction of ren- 
dering a patriotic service to our City and Country in their 
hour of need. 

I should like to take advantage of the present opportunity 
to acknowledge the hearty co-operation which you, as Chair- 
man, and the members of the Executive Committee, have 
rendered at all times in making our labors both effective and 
congenial. 

The work of the members of the Executive Staff is also 
deserving of special praise, for without their patriotic con- 
ception of our undertaking it would have been difficult to 
secure the results already attained. 

Henry MacDonald, 

Director-General. 



Hall of Records, New York City, 
November i, 1918. 



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AN OF ORGANIZATION 



COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY 
FORCES 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating 

to Army and Navy forces of the United States, 

including questions of all kinds relating to 

the national drafts as affecting 

New York City. 



Brig.-Gen. George R. Dyer 

Chairman 

Lt.-Col. Charles J. Ahern 
Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

FoRSHEw, Commodore R. P. Hulbert, Murray 

Frost, Lieut. W. P. Ryan, Allan A. 

Harriss, John A. Satterlee, Capt. Herbert L. 

Hewitt, Peter Cooper Sherrill, Gen. C. H. 



MEMBERS 



Abert, Benjamin 
Adamson, Robert 
Andrews, Dr. John B. 
Appleton, Dr. Francis R. 
Babcock, Major E. C. 
Baird, Col. Andrew D. 
Baker, Lieut.-Com. G. B. 
Barbour, W. Warren 
Bennett, Walter H. 
Bertron, S. Reading 
Bonbright, W. p. 
Bond, Stephen N. 
BoRG, Sidney C. 
Breed, William C. 
Bridgman, Brig.-Gen. Oliver B. 
Brown, Col. Franklin Q. 
Cable, Lieut. W. A. 
Caldwell, Chas. Pope 
Canfield, Geo. F. 
Clover, Rev. Geo. F. 
CoHN, Edward R. 
Colyer, Major Jos. H. 
Cumnock, A. J. 
Damon, Col. Alex. M. 
Dawkins, Major W. A. 



Durkee, Charles D. 

Eddy, Lieut.-Com. Spencer 

Flaherty, Frank B. 

Foley, Major Frank F. 

Forbes, Allen B. 

Francolini, Jos. N. 

Gaillard, Capt. W. E. G. 

GiBBONEY, Stuart G. 

Goldman, Julian 

Gould, Geo. J. 

Green, J. N. 

Green, Warren L. 

Haggard, Sewell 

Hamilton, Brig.-Gen. Henry D. 

Lewisohn, Adolph 

Mergentine, Charles B. 

MuNSEY, Frank A. 

O'Reilly, L. J. 

Parody, Aubrey J. 

Phillips, Burdette 

RoBB, Brig.-Gen. James 

Sabin, Charles H. 

Sachs, Samuel 

SCHIEFFELIN, CoL. Wm. JaY 



COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY 
FORCES 

DEALING WITH DRAFT EVADERS 

SPECIALIZED co-operation has been given by this Com- 
mittee in connection with the Selective Service law, which 
conscripted both for the Army and the Navy. In a very large 
number of cases proper determination was arrived at as regards 
New York's quota in reference to the country as a whole. 

This was made necessary by reason of so many men coming 
into New York City from other parts of the country, often- 
times for the purpose of evading the draft. Through the Intel- 
ligence Department of the Mayor's Committee and by other 
means many of these evaders were detected and the necessary 
steps taken to assure that they duly performed their duties. 
This form of co-operation on the part of the Mayor's Committee 
was taken up as an aid to all governmental agencies dealing 
with such matters, as well as with the police and the municipal 
authorities. 

A more agreeable form of service is rendered by this De- 
partment of the Committee in the care of the many men of the 
Army, Navy and Aviation services who come to New York City 
from near-by cantonments, or who land from the numerous 
ships coming into New York harbor. As is indicated elsewhere. 
New York City accepted its responsibilities of entertainment 
for service men in a willing spirit, and carries them through in 
a way which is simply admirable. The Mayor's Committee 
reviewed early in the hostilities the whole question of the recep- 
tion and the care of such men by assisting in the installation of 
facilities such as never before had been' paralleled in all the 
history of the social activities of war. 

Can 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

During the war New York has been belted by a ring of mili- 
tary camps as if it were a general military headquarters, as in- 
deed it is. Ride but a few miles in virtually any direction and 
one comes to many great barracks or cantonments; within the 
confines of the City there are many thousands of troops or 
sailors continually quartered, and altogether the City is in a 
way the greatest center of active war operations in the 
country. 

The presence of these forces exerts a splendid influence in 
certain ways and acts as a tonic for patriotism continually. 
The proud part which New York City bears in the conduct of 
the war is written in imperishable records, both at home and 
abroad, on the lives of the men who have come within these 
influences. The men give help and receive help in return. 
There results a better understanding between the citizens of 
New York and the rest of the country, through its visiting sons, 
than ever before was the case. 

On the other hand, the presence of so many forces tends to 
affect the health and sanitary and moral conditions of the City. 
These phases of the gigantic activities brought about by the 
conflict had the early attention of the members of the Mayor's 
Committee. 

The advice and suggestions in general of the Committee are 
sought by many war and patriotic organizations already in 
operation, or which spring up to deal with the extraordinary 
demands for recreative facilities. The Executive Committee 
called for the opening of rooms and provision of beds for pri- 
vates; homes for officers' clubs and quarters; and, in fact, every 
phase of comfort for those who are far from home and who are 
deserving of the best that the boundless hospitality of New 
York City can afford. 

Not alone is care given to the men themselves, but in many 
instances their families equally benefit by special considera- 
tion. Co-operation is had with such committees as those on 
Medical and Surgical Relief, Law, and the additional ones 
which touch individual requirements either of the men or of 
their families. 



COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY FORCES 



THE NEW YORK GUARD 

Whatever the form of need which arises, the Mayor's Com- 
mittee takes prompt and effective action, its scope of activities 
being not only local but of such a nature that they prove to 
be of the utmost assistance to the Federal Government in 
general. 

Early action is taken for affording an opportunity for men 
about to go into their country's service to obtain prelimi- 
nary military training. Many of the active workers of the 
Mayor's Committee are officials of the New York Guard, and 
every encouragement is given for men to join this one or 
other of the regiments of this famous organization, where they 
receive careful and expert training. This has resulted in 
multitudes of commissions being obtained by men almost im- 
mediately that they entered the Federal service, or very soon 
thereafter. Close co-operation is had with the Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's Office and many an officer wears his bars or other official 
insignia to-day as a direct result of the individual attention 
which is bestowed upon him to a lavish degree by the trained 
officers who know that their companies and regiments would 
receive but little direct benefit from all of the labor which is 
thus expended upon the oftentimes raw and awkward recruits. 

In a broad and general way the Mayor's Committee and 
other related agencies in New York City act as a clearing 
house for the immense number of men who either are already 
within the City or who come to it from other parts of the 
country; and, as indicated, these men not alone receive train- 
ing which is simply priceless to them, but also benefit from 
the spirit of cordiality and friendliness which has long made 
New York City stand out uniquely among all of the communi- 
ties of the country as regards the quantity and quality of the fa- 
cilities so generously placed at the disposal of those who needed 
them. 



n 53 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



THE YACHT SURF 

One feature of uniquely individualized service arose in con- 
nection with the frequent cruises of the ocean yacht Surf, 
which was generously placed at the disposal of the Mayor's 
Committee by one of its members. Companies of convalescent 
and wounded men are conveyed with scrupulous attention by 
special motor-cars or ambulances from their hospitals to the 
yacht; thence up the Hudson or along Long Island Sound; fed 
well; entertained by professional artists through a long and 
happy day; and then conveyed back to their hospitals. Com- 
petent nurses are aboard, and by means of the surgical dressing 
room on the yacht the wounded are given proper attention at 
all times. Many thousands of men in all branches of the ser- 
vice thus find life rendered more endurable for them during the 
trying times of their incapacitation. 

Aside from the New York men in service, the same spirit of 
hospitality is shown towards those of all ranks in the service 
both of America and its Allies. Visiting Army, Navy and Avia- 
tion officials are entertained on this yacht and at country houses, 
as well as at clubs, theaters, etc., in town. Co-operation is 
had in these directions with the Mayor's Committee on Enter- 
tainment and Reception, as well as by m.eans of the staff bu- 
reaus; and many a visiting official from an Allied country has 
returned to his duties with a livelier sense of American cordi- 
ality than otherwise had been possible. 

All officials and others are given special privileges in con- 
nection with the State armories and other advantages incidental 
to military headquarters. In addition these quarters are 
obtained repeatedly for bazaars and for the proper bivouacking 
of troops in the case of the several large parades which have 
been carried through on behalf of the Liberty Loan drives. Red 
Cross and other Allied spectacles. 



1^1 



COMMITTEE ON ARTS AND DECORATION 

This Committee has cognizance of all matters where the 
services of artists, architects and sculptors are em- 
ployed, including decoration, camouflage and 
the issuing of posters and other forms 
of pictorial publicity. 



Albert Eugene Gallatin 
Chairman 

Lloyd Warren 

Vice-Chairman 

Duncan Phillips 

Augustus V. Tack 

Division of Exhibitions 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Adams, Herbert Gibson, Charles Dana 

Bartlett, Paul W. Hastings, Thomas 

Butler, Nicholas Murray Huntington, Archer M. 

DE Forest, Robert W. Mackay, Clarence H. 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Abbe, Robert 
Adams, John Quincy 
Alexander, Charles B. 
Bertron, S. Reading 
Burroughs, Bryson 
Casey, F. D. 
Chanler, Robert W. 
Clark, William A. 
Crowninshield, Frank 
Cutting, R. Fulton 
Du Bois, Guy Pene 
Gay, Captain Charles M. 
Gibson, Charles Dana 
Glackens, William 
GuERiN, Jules 
Hassam, Childe 
HoppiN, William Warner 



Iselin, Ernest 
James, Arthur Curtiss 
Knoedler, Roland F. 
KuNz, George F. 
Lawson, Ernest 
Mac KAY, Clarence H. 
MacNeil, Herman A. 
Magonigle, H. Van Buren 
Mansfield, Howard 
Manship, Paul 
Nelson, W. H. de B. 

SCHIEFFELIN, WiLLIAM JaY 

ScRiBNER, Arthur H. 
Sedgwick, Henry Renwick 
Sherrill, Gen. Chari.es H. 
Sloane, John 
Stevens, Joseph E. 



COMMITTEE ON ARTS AND DECORATION 

WAR'S ARTISTIC RESPONSE 

THE Committee on Arts and Decoration has been organized 
for the purpose of developing and enlarging the field of art 
in connection with the war, where the services of artists, archi- 
tects and sculptors are employed. 

This committee has established a Bureau of Information to 
advise and direct artists, architects and sculptors, as well as 
those practicing the allied arts, seeking to apply their talents to 
work connected with the war. No group of men in the country 
has arisen to the occasion in a finer spirit than that shown by 
this group and none have rendered a more notable service to the 
country. 

The chairman of this conimittee replies personally to every 
request of this nature that is received; the information given is 
in every case official and accurate. Scores of such requests have 
been received from those wishing to enter the camouflage unit 
of the army, or desiring information concerning schools of 
camouflage; from artists wishing to paint designation targets — • 
that is, typical French landscapes — for use in the artillery 
schools; from painters and illustrators desirous of executing 
posters for recruiting purposes, for food and coal conservation, 
for Liberty Loan drives and other patriotic purposes. Many 
architects, wishing to engage upon government work connected 
with housing problems at shipyards and munition works, and 
in the building of cantonments and hospitals, have been put in 
touch with the proper authorities. These requests have come 
from all over the country. 

AMBULANT EXHIBITIONS 

At the request of the British Government, in August, 191 8, 
the official exhibition of lithographs reflecting Britain's efforts 

[9] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

and ideals in the Great War was shown by the chairman of the 
Committee on Arts and Decoration at Bar Harbor, Maine. A 
month earlier certain of these prints were put on exhibition at 
Greenwich Settlement House, in New York. In September the 
exhibition was shown at Stockbridge, Mass. Works of a similar 
nature by American artists are to be shown in New York under 
the auspices of this committee, including drawings by the artists 
now officially attached to our armies in France. Later these ex- 
hibitions, which are designed to acquaint our people with the 
scope of America's activities in the war and to minister to their 
morale, will be shown in other cities. The chairman of the 
Committee on Arts and Decoration is also an associate chair- 
man of the Committee on Exhibitions, Division of Pictorial 
Publicity, of the Committee on Public Information at Washing- 
ton. 

A group of water-colors and etchings by French soldier ar- 
tists, which were sold for their benefit, was shown at Bar Har- 
bor, Maine, in August, 1918. 

The Committee on Arts and Decoration assisted in the artis- 
tic censoring of the historic floats, banners and costumes ap- 
pearing in the great Independence Day Pageant-Parade held in 
New York in 19 18. This is but one example of the wide and 
useful scope of its activities in co-ordinating art work in so far 
as it affects the community. Another is that the chairman of 
the Advisory Art Committee of the Liberty Loan Committee has 
asked for the closest co-operation between the two committees. 
On the committee are some of the greatest painters, illustrators, 
architects and sculptors in the United States: the American 
public may freely call upon them for advice and assistance in 
art matters related to the winning of the war. 

A special leaflet epitomizing information compiled for those 
desirous of engaging in war work has been prepared by the 
chairman for gratuitous distribution. The chairman of this 
committee has also prepared an essay dealing with American 
artists and the war, for publication in the 191 8 issue of Valen- 
tine's Manual. 

A member of this committee is chairman of the Division of 

Cio;] 



COMMITTEE ON ARTS AND DECORATION 



Pictorial Publicity of the Committee on Public Information. 
Under the influence of that division a notable advance has been 
made over the quality of the artistic output in the early stages 
of America's participation in the war. 

A PERMANENT MEMORIAL 

The manner in which American artists of all classes have 
come forward in response to the announcement of the Mayor's 
Committee is beyond praise. The services which they have 
offered are manifold, and it is anticipated that through this de- 
partment of the activities of the committee an increased utility 
will be shown. 

Plans far beyond the immediate purposes of war service are 
being made for civic usefulness. Among the objects of the 
committee is the co-ordination of art work in so far as it affects 
the community permanently. As a reminder of the great Inde- 
pendence Day parade in New York City in 19 18, under the 
arrangement of the Mayor's Committee, it is planned to erect a 
suitable memorial. Madison Square, where the official review- 
ing stand was placed for that day, has been suggested as the 
site. Possibly this memorial will take the form of a permanent 
reviewing stand such as has been proposed by the National 
Sculpture Society as a nucleus for future parades. Alternatively 
the Committee is preparing plans for a combination stand and 
victory arch as a memorial to the great Independence Day 
parade and for the returning heroes. 

As referred to, the following suggestions and information for 
Artists, Architects, Sculptors, and those practicing the Allied 
Arts desiring to apply their knowledge to war work, have been 
prepared by the Chairman of this Committee: 

ARTISTS 
I. Posters: 

Painters and illustrators wishing to design posters and other pic- 
torial placards to be used by the Government for patriotic purposes 
should apply to the Division of Pictorial Publicity of the Committee 
on Public Information, at 200 Fifth Avenue, New York. Drawings 
and paintings, which must be offered gratuitously, are required for 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Liberty Loan and War Savings Stamps drives, to urge conservation 
of food and coal, to speed up shipbuilding, for recruiting, and vari- 
ous Red Cross purposes. Poster artists may also apply to the Art 
War Relief, 66 1 Fifth Avenue, New York. Artists and illustrators 
possessing a knowledge of naval matters should apply to the U. S. 
Navy Publicity Bureau, New York. 

2. Cartoons: 

Never before has the poster artist enjoyed such a golden opportu- 
nity; this is also true of the cartoonist. It has been said of Raemae- 
kers that "He, more than any other individual, has made intensely 
clear to the people the single issue upon which the war is joined. 
More than cartoonist, he is teacher and preacher, with the vision, 
faith, and intensity of a St. Francis, a Luther, or a Joan of Arc. . . . 
The pencil in his hands becomes an avenging sword, because by it 
millions of people have been aroused to a clear cut realization of the 
fact that the issue of this war is no less than Slavery and Autocracy 
versus Freedom and Democracy. . . . No oration, no literature, no 
art, has brought the real meaning of the war home so convincingly 
as these cartoons." 

3. Designation Targets: 

Designation, or landscape, targets are used for class room instruc- 
tion. They should depict typical French rural scenery and should 
be painted in clear and bright colors. The sizes vary from three by 
six feet to five by twelve feet. These landscapes are used to visualize 
the country, for panoramic sketching, for working out problems of 
oflfense and defense, for target designation according to the clock face 
method in machine gun, artillery and rifle practice, and for other 
purposes. 

4. Record of America's Activities: 

Many illustrators and painters have been making pictorial records 
of America's military, naval and industrial activities. These are 
shown throughout the country, as well as being reproduced in the 
press, and serve, as only pictorial publicity and propaganda can, to 
acquaint our people and those of our Allies with the extent and mag- 
nitude of our preparations, thus strengthening their morale. Eight 
illustrators, commissioned captains in the Engineers' Reserve Corps 
of the army, are now in France depicting our activities; their draw- 
ings should form a very valuable historical record. 

ARCHITECTS 

Architects desiring to engage in Government work should apply to 
the Director of Bureau of Industrial Housing and Transportation, 
Department of Labor, Washington. 

1:12] 



COMMITTEE ON ARTS AND DECORATION 



SCULPTORS 

Many sculptors have entered the Camouflage unit (40th Engineers). 
Others are designing memorials, medals which are sold for the bene- 
fit of the Red Cross and other charities, and Congressional medals. 
The services of sculptors have not as yet been required by the Medical 
Corps in this country; it is understood that later on they probably 
will be. At a later date application should be made to the Surgeon 
General, War Department, Washington. In England many sculptors 
are co-operating with surgeons in facial surgery. 



MILITARY CAMOUFLAGE 

The Camouflage unit forms a part of the Corps of Engineers of the 
National Army. It is a military organization composed of artists, 
architects, sculptors, scene painters, sign painters, house painters, 
carpenters, ornamental iron workers, tinsmiths, plasterers, photogra- 
phers, stage carpenters and property-men. The work in general deals 
with the concealment of gun emplacements, trenches and sheds of 
military value; the screening of roads and the manufacture of ma- 
terials for this purpose; the painting of roofs and large areas of can- 
vas for the covering of ammunition storage and the like; the making 
of various devices and clothing for the concealment of observers and 
snipers, and occasionally the painting of a scenic drop. It is not con- 
templated that there will be any expansion of this service in this 
country. It is suggested that applicants enlist, as it is possible that 
they may find opportunity in any branch of the service to make use 
of their qualifications; then, subsequent to being sent abroad, request 
transfer to the 40th Engineers (Camouflage). This corps is under 
the supervision of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, Washington. 
There is a course in camouflage at Columbia University. 



MARINE CAMOUFLAGE 

Marine camouflage is done under the direction of the Navy Depart- 
ment. The work is executed by the United States Shipping Board 
Emergency Fleet Corporation's department of camouflage. In each 
district is stationed a district camoufleur, with a corps of trained men. 
A school has been established by the Shipping Board for men who 
have already been appointed as camoufleurs. The quota is com- 
plete and there is a waiting list of over a thousand applicants. An- 
other school has been established at the Great Lakes Naval Training 
Station, Great Lakes, Illinois. "Bafl^e painting" has taken the place 
of attempts to render vessels invisible. This distorts the outlines of 
the ship and misleads the submarine as to the craft's size, character, 
and her course. 

1131 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



DECORATIONS 

The services of artists, sculptors and architects, as well as those en- 
gaged in the allied arts, are in constant demand by committees ap- 
pointed to arrange for special decorations. An advisory art commis- 
sion has been chosen by the Publicity Department of the Liberty 
Loan Committee for New York to arrange for decorations on Fifth 
Avenue and Broadway, Associated with this commission are a num- 
ber of leading artists. The hundred or more floats, and other decora- 
tive effects, used in the last Independence Day Pageant-Parade in 
New York called into service the special knowledge possessed by all 
professions practicing the arts and crafts. Special decorations are 
frequently employed in New York, as for the various Liberty Loans 
and on the occasion of visits from foreign missions; those erected in 
honor of Viviani, Joffre and Balfour were very handsome. 



ni43 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 

This Committee has cognizance of the question of 
bringing about co-operation between the various 
cities of the United States to effect uniform 
results along the lines of mutual pro- 
tection and civic betterment. 



Henry W. Taft 
Chairman 

LiNDLEY M. Garrison 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Ballard, Sumner Fargis, Joseph H. 

Calder, William M. Jennings, Walter 

Clews, Henry Larkin, Adrian H. 

Dowling, Victor J. Penfield, Frederic C. 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Adams, Edward D. 
Ahern, Charles J. 
Albee, E. F. 
Ames, Louis A. 
Anderson, Ellery O. 
Baker, George F. 
Barsotti, Charles 
Battle, Geo. Gordon 
Caldwell, Charles Pope 
Chandler, H. A. E. 
CoRTELYOu, George B. 
Curtis, F. Kingsbury 
Dingwall, Adam 
DoRAN, George H. 
DoRF, Samuel 
Drucker, Edward W. 
DuNNiGAN, John J. 
Ely, Robert Erskine 
Ettinger, William L. 
Fahnestock, William 
FoRSHEW, Commodore R. P. 
Eraser, Alexander J. 
Frayne, Hugh 
Frissell, a. S. 
fugazy, l. v. 



Garrison, Lindley M. 

Gerard, Julian M. 

Gibson, Harvey D. 

Jacobi, Abraham 

James, Arthur Curtiss 

Jasper, William H. 

Jennings, Walter 

Kamaiky, Leon 

Krech, Alvin W. 

Lafrentz, F. W. 

Leahy, David T. 

Levy, Ferdinand 

Lincoln, Charles M. 

Lindsay, Samuel McCune 

LOREE, L. F. 

McCombs, William F. 

MacLean, Charles F. 

Manning, Rev. William T., D.D. 

Mead, S. C. 

Meehan, Alfred L. 

Morgan, Shepard A. 

Morgenthau, M. L. 

RiORDAN, Daniel J. 

ScHOEN, Clarence J. 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 

INTER-CITY HELPFULNESS 

EARLY in the activities of the Mayor's Committee wide at- 
tention was directed to this New York movement for 
civic betterment. Application was made by other cities which 
desired to benefit from the unique program which had been 
inaugurated, and on many occasions counsel has been given as 
to the best manner for adapting this program to other cities. 

It seemed some time ago to be advisable to form a Committee 
on Associated Cities so that a helpful co-operation could be had 
between the various cities of the United States to affect uniform 
results along the lines of mutual protection and civic better- 
ment. The readjustment period will develop new problems 
which must be met in the broadest national sense, so that the 
experience of all may be turned to the benefit of each com- 
munity throughout the country. 

Many sections of the nation are interested in the activities of 
every department of the Mayor's Committee, which include the 
following : 



NATIONALISM AND LOYALTY 

Throughout the country the great alien population may be 
taught the meaning of loyalty and unified American citizenship. 
Americanization work applies to practically every community 
in the United States and thousands of organizations are work- 
ing towards the end that the after-war effects will be to give 
a better solidarity to the many-sided civic structure which 
makes up the American commonwealth. 



ni73 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



LAW 

In the matter of law every community may benefit from the 
generous spirit of co-operation which has been shown by the 
legal profession in New York City, as described in the article 
on that Committee in this volume. This lead will doubtless be 
followed by lawyers in other centers. 

TRADES AND MANUFACTURES 

Trades and manufactures present much the same problem in 
every urban community as in New York City, excepting that in 
the congested conditions in the country's metropolis it is neces- 
sary to meet the lack of ground space by physical regulations 
affecting the health, safety and general welfare of the workers. 

RETAIL INDUSTRIES 

Retail Industries and the economies to be affected by better 
methods of office and store management, house to house de- 
liveries, etc., is a department in which practically every town 
and city throughout the country can make for economy, and 
consequently for a lowered price on the necessities of life. 

WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 

By Wholesale Industries is meant the wider operation, produc- 
tion and distribution to the trade of useful commodities. New 
York City is endeavoring to provide the increased facilities 
needed for the growing volume of national and international 
commerce. Every city can adapt the same principles to its 
varied conditions. 

LABOR 

Labor unrest is almost inevitable in connection with the re- 
adjustment of industrial conditions which must arise after the 
major activities of the war-end have finished. It is anticipated 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 



that there will be a great influx to the cities of a restless popula- 
tion which is endeavoring to "find" itself in an industrial way. 
This will lead to a lack of housing, and conditions may be 
aggravated by a diminution in wages paid, without a corre- 
sponding lessening in the cost of living. An increase in social- 
ism may also be noted, largely as a result of labor conditions, 
and practically every city in the country must face questions 
of gravity in these directions. 

CIVIC PROBLEMS 

Civic Problems is a wide and complex phrase, but its problems 
are always present in every community. In New York City 
the endeavor has been on the part of this Committee to adapt 
to the individual citizen the desires and requirements of the 
Federal Government. As there apparently will be no lessening 
of these requirements for a considerable time after the close 
of the war, practically every locality in America must be pre- 
pared to meet questions which nevej before have been encoun- 
tered as to special phases of responsibility which will be laid 
upon each citizen. The realization of individual responsibility, 
in other words, will be the one great thing which will assist the 
country as a whole in resuming its accustomed ways of living. 

DOMESTIC SUPPLIES 

The handling of Domestic Supplies, such as coal and food, 
offers a field for further centrification to meet the lessened man- 
power which inevitably results after any war. Better methods 
of purchase, storage and distribution can still further add to 
the economies and spirit of thrift which the war has imbued 
among the mass of the American people. Every effort should 
be made throughout the country that the lessons in economy 
thus learned should be adhered to. Otherwise a great deal of 
the benefit to the health and purse of the average citizen will be 
dissipated, and leave behind little more than a memory. Every 
effort should be made that the simplicity of life and the "luxury 

[193 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

of doing without" should be stimulated as a permanent factor 
in American life, after the fashion of the nations abroad. 

TRANSPORTATION 

Transportation depends so much on whether a given city is 
inland or on the sea-coast, whether its facilities are supplied 
by rail or water, that few suggestions can be given of value to 
places outside of New York City. The whole question of trans- 
portation, however, is one vitally affecting the material welfare 
of any settlement, and an increase in population but adds to 
any difficulties which may exist. This question as a whole in- 
volves not alone the transportation of individuals by street 
railways, but also the movement of goods in the most expedi- 
tious and economical manner possible. So far as is feasible, the 
construction of urban belt railways should be encouraged 
throughout the country, so that the always too great volume 
of goods moving through a city should be lessened by every 
possible means. Nearly every city has its problem of conges- 
tion to meet, and if a study is made of the unnecessary street 
and rail traffic it will be found that in most cases substantial 
economies can be effected. 



COMMERCE 

The same principles apply in the case of the Committee on 
Commerce. The experience in New York is that it seems in- 
evitable that a certain amount of the external commerce of the 
City of New York is done at a loss owing to the excess of car 
and truck loads, lack of terminal facilities and transportation, 
high insurance, the relatively high rates of wages necessarily 
paid, and other things which militate against a profitable export 
business in many instances. As indicated in the article on Com- 
merce, some sporadic efforts are being made by American cities 
to learn a lesson in economy from the example set by many of 
the European cities, looking to increased volume of trade and 
decreased expenses. 

1:20] 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 



SHIPPING AND HARBOR DEFENSE 

The matter of Shipping and Harbor Defense is one which 
would apply only to cities on the marine margins of the coun- 
try; and it is of course hoped that with the close of the war 
there will be no further need for definite activity in this matter 
for the future. 

RISKS AND INSURANCE 

Fire hazards and insurance interests vary greatly in different 
cities, but by the lessons learned from the war the average 
American city can tremendously reduce the risk and lower its 
insurance rates by entering upon a definite campaign for clean- 
ing up the cities by eliminating factory waste and other con- 
ditions which impose such a heavy burden upon property 
owners, 

CIVIC FINANCE 

The matter of Civic Finance is one which interests the largest 
city or the smallest hamlet in the land. The Mayor's Com- 
mittee of New York City has made an extended study on con- 
ditions as afi'ecting the metropolis, and in this, as in other re- 
spects, it is quite willing to pass along to other communities 
any knowledge which has been gained. In the average town 
or city government the officials usually only apply existing laws 
to the best of their ability, notwithstanding that it is in their 
province to suggest new ideas or to incorporate them, or even to 
apply new principles of civic finance to the problems which 
arise. It is therefore necessary in scores of American cities to 
make a renewed study of this subject, so that the principles 
to be observed as well as the application of the principles may 
be determined. This having been done, it sometimes will be 
found necessary to move for a change in the City Charter so 
that the necessary powers can be conferred upon the competent 
public officials charged with this most important matter. 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



SANITATION 

Sanitation is a subject on which America, with all its boasted 
community enterprise, still lags far behind. Practically every 
progressive European community can give America many les- 
sons in effective but economical methods for increasing the 
health of a city. A perusal of the article on Sanitation in this 
volume will be found to be suggestive and practical. As in the 
case of other departments of this work, the Mayor's Committee 
is at all times pleased to pass along its experience in these lines. 

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 

Public Instruction is so obvious a work that little need be said 
on the subject, beyond the suggestion that the home, the school, 
the church, the civic forum, the press, and every other avenue 
of public information should be developed as a means for sup- 
porting a higher ethical sense among the mass of the people. 

ASSOCIATED WAR WORK 

Associated War Work may soon be a thing of the past, but it 
is a subject of vital importance in connection with the re- 
habilitation of the many ordinary activities which have been 
put out of action by the war. It is perhaps only necessary to 
suggest that there will inevitably spring up throughout the 
country many forms of charitable relief, which will range all 
the way through the gradations of good, bad and indifferent. 
It being necessary to conserve every dollar and dime in the 
country for useful purposes, it is earnestly to be hoped that a 
just but strict supervision will be exercised in every place by 
the people through their competent officials. It would likely 
be useful if a universal rule were to be made that no solicitation 
be permitted until a permit had been applied for and issued 
by the City authorities. This permit presupposes, of course, 
a thorough investigation of the bona fides of the organizers of 

n22:] 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 



the proposed fund and the necessity for it as regards the public 
welfare. This proposal is described at length in the article 
dealing with this very important matter. 

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL RELIEF 

Protective work of a kind never before attempted is now 
necessary in connection with Medical and Surgical Relief. The 
strain on hospitals and other places of refuge for the unfortu- 
nate will likely be unusually great as time goes by, and one of 
the purposes of the Committee which deals with such matters 
should be to obtain the assistance of patriotic and charitably 
disposed persons to provide and maintain an emergency hos- 
pital and relief stations where the need is felt. 

ORGANIZED GUARD 

The war has brought about so definite a desire for preparedness 
on the part of the people as a whole, that it is easy to foresee a 
notable revival in such directions as the oM State militia which 
flourished so largely in the North after the Civil War. Quite 
aside from the possibility of universal military training, it is 
likely that the patriotic citizens of the country will wish to 
permanentize the military and naval training of which they 
have received, in many cases, but an inkling during the war. 
It therefore is obvious that special attention will be paid in a 
multitude of places to this important form of organization, 
which is dealt with in its civic aspect by the Mayor's Committee 
on Organized Guard, 

ARMY AND NAVY FORCES 

Army and Navy Forces and their activities in a given com- 
munity will depend largely on the number of arsenals, military 
and naval camps, and other Federal or State activities. This 
being the official and national part of any program which the 
Government may promulgate, it can be of great usefulness in 

1:233 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

the way of supplying trained officers to the civilian movement 
as represented by the preceding Committee on Organized 
Guard. 

NATIONAL ACTIVITIES 

The Committee on National Activities represents an effort to 
link up every section of the country to unified action for mutual 
benefit; and, as indicated under that subject in this volume, 
special plans are under preparation for unifying American 
national interests in a way which never before has been at- 
tempted. 



ENTERTAINMENT AND RECEPTION 

The entertainment and reception of distinguished visitors is a 
gracious rite of hospitality which hitherto never has been 
cultivated in America in any definite way. They do these 
things better in other countries, where municipalities oftentimes 
have a regularly recognized budget for such uses, and where the 
visitor to a city enjoys every facility for meeting its representa- 
tive citizens and for carrying away a relatively proper under- 
standing of the civic life of the place. 

If America could but translate its admirable spirit of private 
hospitality into terms of public service, there would be little 
more to be said on the duty which is owed to the stranger within 
our gates. 

ARTS AND DECORATION 

The matter of Arts and Decoration is a department of activity 
on which relatively the average American city leaves little to 
be desired. An admirable spirit of co-operation is manifest as 
a usual thing when a celebration is to be held; but by periodi- 
cally calling together the recognized artists, and those of similar 
bent, in a town or city, a much more effective display can be 
made. Any one who saw the "Avenue of the Allies" on the oc- 
casion of the Fourth Liberty Loan Drive must have carried away 

1:243 




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3: u. 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 



with him an ineffaceable impression of what can be done by 
unified action on the part of those who are competent to lay 
out a complete plan, and then to see that it is carried through. 
The method of giving over each block on Fifth Avenue to the 
flags and other decorations of a given nationality resulted in 
an individuality and distinctiveness which probably never be- 
fore has been reached in all the history of a city and its decora- 
tion. Any one who failed to see the simple but harmonious 
effects attained would find it well worth his while to secure from 
some photographer or illustrated paper, sectional photographs 
pictorially describing that occasion. The New York shop 
windows in themselves represented oftentimes an epic in effec- 
tive artistry. 



BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION 

In the way of Building and Construction, the devastated fields of 
war offer such a chance for town planning on new lines as has 
never before been presented in human history. It is anticipated 
that when the ruined towns and cities come to be restored there 
will arise a new art in town planning which should have its 
immediate effect upon American architecture. America has 
now reached a stage where closer supervision may wisely be 
exercised, as now is being done by the Mayor's Committee, over 
the building plans which are prepared, and when the materials 
used in construction should be considered not alone from the 
point of view of the available local supplies of material, but 
with regard to the effect which the use of a given material will 
have upon the interests of the country as a whole. Shortages 
in any line may thus be provided against and a more equitable 
scale of prices assured for the interests of the people at large. 



THE ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAUS 

In attempting a brief survey of the Administrative Committees 
or Bureaus operating under the Mayor's Committee on National 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Defense of New York City, the following suggestions may 
also be of some value : 

The organization as shown by the chart in this volume is 
headed by an administrative committee which has as its ad- 
juncts nine bureaus. Actively heading the organization is the 
Director-General (an unpaid volunteer worker) and his staff, 
which largely consists of expert assistants. The Director- 
General has administrative and initiatory powers and makes 
effective the programs outlined for the committees and bureaus. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HEADS 

A Bureau of Secretaries consists of the executive heads of the 
twenty-five subcommittees. This Bureau defines the technical 
work of the secretaries and sub-secretaries and co-ordinates this 
work so that all the different committees will proceed along the 
same general lines, thus preventing a duplication of effort. The 
work of individual committees is widely varied, but it has been 
found possible to blend them into one harmonious and co- 
operative force by this means. 

PUBLICITY 

The name alone of the Bureau of Publicity is sufficient indica- 
tion of the work with which it is entrusted. In a large center 
like New York City it is possible to command the best talent 
of metropolitan journalism, but in any community it should 
also be found possible to enlist the volunteer services of one 
or more of the local editors. These workers usually show an 
admirable and generous spirit of helpfulness whenever the in- 
terests of the community are concerned, or the larger elements 
of service are involved. The war has developed such a spirit 
of self-sacrifice and nobility on the part of volunteer workers 
generally, that in this department, as in others connected with 
the civic movement, it should be possible to command the serv- 
ices of admirably trained persons who have learned the lessons 
of efficiency brought about by war-time conditions. 

l262 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED CITIES 



VOLUNTEER SERVICE 

Such an amount of volunteer service has been rendered in 
other directions that the work of the Bureau of Volunteer Ser- 
vice which is operated in New York City through the Mayor's 
Committee should be shown by many effective replicas through- 
out the country. 

INVESTIGATION AND INTELLIGENCE 

The prevalence of Teutonic espionage throughout many sec- 
tions of America made it necessary for the Bureau of Investiga- 
tion and Intelligence of the Mayor's Committee of New York 
City to have confidential knowledge of many matters nation- 
wide in their scope, and even international in their ramifications. 
Happily the time has gone by for the acute need of this class 
of work, but there is not a community in the country where 
useful services could not be rendered by a few alert and con- 
scientious citizens. The tendency toward drug addiction and 
the enforcement of all sumptuary legislation are matters which 
should have the vigilant care of every well-meaning citizen. 
The upholding of higher standards of moral conditions, both 
in town and country, is a field in which both men and women 
can usefully work; and in fact almost every avenue of human 
advancement gives an opportunity for a wise and tactful exer- 
cise of the qualities of investigation for the improvement of 
conditions and the intelligent application of the information 
thus gained. The strengthening of existing laws and the agita- 
tion for new legislation to meet changing conditions in civic 
life are matters in which the Mayor's Committee is glad to 
give the benefit of its advice whenever possible. 

TRANSPORTATION, TELEGRAPH AND MAILS 

Transportation, Telegraph and Mails imply that the Bureau 
dealing with this great division of human communication is a 
very busy one. It has had in charge all questions of telegraphs 

1:27:1 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

and mails as affecting the activities of the Committee, as also 
the use of the various motor corps. The use of motors and 
transportation facilities in general for war work will, of course, 
after the war be adapted to the purpose of readjustment. 

EMPLOYMENT 

Civic Employment must of necessity after the war take a fore- 
most position : first of all, in seeing that no returned soldier or 
sailor lacks for means of an honest livelihood, or that any other 
worthy worker is out of employment; secondly, that any over- 
plus of labor in a given locality should be immediately turned 
in the direction of the roadmaking and other public improve- 
ments which of necessity have had to stand largely inactive 
during this great stress and over-pressure of war work. 

RED CROSS AND CIVIC AID 

Civic aid as exemplified by the Red Cross and like activities 
takes cognizance of all questions relating to the distribution of 
joint aid as extended through recognizedly worthy organiza- 
tions and the Government. A great early example of work 
of this nature which was done on a national scope was seen in 
the work of the Sanitary Commission during the Civil War and 
the admirable manner in which that work was pursued in the 
time following the necessary readjustment to peaceful condi- 
tions throughout the country. With the immensely increased 
facilities of organization and effective work which now exist, 
it is obvious that the excellent results gained in America's pre- 
vious conflict should be multiplied many-fold. 

FOR WIDEST HELPFULNESS 

In general, the Committee on Associated Cities stands for the 
widest helpfulness towards the country as a whole, and the 
movement thus inaugurated should in time belt the whole 
country in building up a livelier civic sense on the part of all 
its people. 

L28n 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED WAR 
WORK 

This Committee has cognizance of individuals, collec- 
tions of individuals, societies, associations and 
corporations, the activities of which (charit- 
able and otherwise) have grown out of 
the present war. 



George Hillard Benjamin 
Chairman 

S. C Mead 

Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Davison, Henry P. Purdy, Lawson 

DEFOREST, Robert W. Ryan, Allan A. 

Jennings, Walter Winthrop, Henry Rogers 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Ames, Louis Annin 
Battle, Geo. Gordon 
Baylies, Edmund L. 
BoNBRiGHT, William P. 
Brewster, Albert S. 
Butler, William A. 
Carlton, Newcomb 
Clark, Judge Lester W. 
CowLES, Russell A. 
Cutting, R. Fulton 
Dana, Dr. Charles L. 
Darlington, Dr. Thomas 
• Demorest, William Curtis 
Dike, Judge Norman S. 
DowD, Herman 
DuPoNT, Coleman 
Farrell, Rev. W. B. 
Friedsam, Col. M. 
Griscom, C. a. 
Harriss, John A. 
Hayden, Charles 
Holt, Hamilton 
Ingraham, Phoenix 
James, Arthur Curtis 
Kruttschnitt, J. 



Lambert, Samuel W. 
Lindsay, John D. 
Marston, Edwin S. 
Mitchell, William 
McAdoo, Judge William 
McCall, Edward E. 
O'Brien, Judge Morgan J. 
O'Keefe, John G. 
Partridge, Dr. Edward L. 
Pendleton, Judge Francis K. 
Reick, William C. 
Reisner, Rev. Christian F. 
Robinson, Beverley R. 
Root, Elihu 
Stanchfield, John B. 
Steele, Charles 
Stern, M. Samuel 
Stewart, Lispenard 
Straus, Percy S. 
Taft, Henry W. 
Townsend, Howard 
Truesdell, W. E. 
Whalen, Grover 
White, John J. 
Wise, Henry A. 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED WAR 
WORK 

MEETING WAR'S GIGANTIC DEMANDS 

MEN in the service and others coming to New York City 
during the progress of the war have repeatedly paid New 
York the compliment of being the most liberal and energetic 
among the cities of America in all forms of patriotic service. 
The most admirable type of co-operation in meeting the gigan- 
tic demands of war has been shown, and fine remedial work has 
been accomplished on every hand. Latterly the constituted 
authorities have been exercising a supervision over war charity 
appeals, which was notably lacking in the earlier days, when 
extraordinary and sudden demands were made. 

The Committee on Associated War Work has cognizance of 
all questions relating to the manifold activities undertaken by 
the citizens, independent of governmental activities. It is rec- 
ognized that immediately following any great disaster or other 
occurrence which excites the public interest, a considerable 
number of people, organizations and associations, start an im- 
mediate drive for subscriptions, with the ostensible purpose of 
using these subscriptions to afford relief. 

It has been shown repeatedly that a very considerable pro- 
portion of the subscriptions thus obtained is used by certain 
societies for paying commissions, office expenses, salaries and 
the like, and that an extremely small portion ever reaches the 
object for which the subscriptions were given by a generous, but 
oftentimes undiscriminating public. Since the beginning of the 
war approximately 15,000 appeals were made from different 
sources for money for war relief, and it is believed that in 
many instances the money obtained has never been used in 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

war relief. This criticism, of course, does not apply to such 
recognized societies as the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A.. 
Knights of Columbus, Salvation Army, Jewish War Relief, 
American Library Association, and other societies of established 
standing. 

The matter has received the attention of the District Attor- 
ney, and prosecutions have been undertaken in a number of 
instances with notably salutary effects. It is proposed that 
proper ordinances be passed by the Board of Aldermen to the 
effect that subsequent to the date of the ordinances no new 
groups of individuals or societies shall solicit money for any 
form of relief, for any purpose, without first obtaining a license 
to do so from properly appointed city officials. 

In order to obtain such license, the party or parties making 
application therefor must show their responsibility and provide 
ample security; and, further, must make monthly statements of 
money received and disposition of money; this ordinance to be 
ex post facto in effect so as to include all existing societies. It 
is proposed by the Mayor's Committee that these ordinances 
shall extend not only to work in connection with war and 
special crises, but that they shall embrace all charitable work 
of whatever description. It is held that all societies should 
submit to the authorities any and all literature which they pro- 
pose to send through the mails soliciting subscriptions, and 
obtain the necessary official approval before this is distributed. 
Violation of such an ordinance would be punishable as a misde- 
meanor by imprisonment and fine, depending upon the circum- 
stances. 

APPREHENDING THE UNWORTHY 

The public is invited by the Mayor's Committee to give infor- 
mation of any attempts to collect money without proper author- 
ity. Such cases will be investigated by the Intelligence Depart- 
ment of the Committee, resulting evidence, if any, being placed 
before the District Attorney for use in prosecution. 
The District Attorney's office has been engaged in this useful 

1:323 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED WAR WORK 



work as indicated. The Mayor's Committee, commanding as it 
does the volunteer services of a large number of people, has 
proved of material aid to the District Attorney's office in appre- 
hending unworthy claimants in various directions. Further, the 
Committee, by co-ordinating all charitable work, assists in pre- 
venting duplication, unnecessary expense and waste of money 
generally, in addition to the various other duties which the 
Committee can profitably undertake. 

Economy in collection, reduction in overhead charges, effi- 
ciency in administration, and the maximum of results represent 
in brief the standards set up by the Mayor's Committee in deal- 
ing with war charities and other activities in which the money 
of the public is invested. The cutting down of the heavy 
overhead charges which ordinarily absorb so much of the money 
given by the public in the form of contributions is a feature 
closely scrutinized as a matter of public protection. 

While the Committee has every desire that the greatest 
amount of aid shall be given, and given quickly, in case of need, 
it nevertheless rigidly exercised its duty in protecting any un- 
intelligent sections of the community which might respond to 
cleverly worded but unworthy appeals. The Mayor's Com- 
mittee acts, in fact, as a clearing house of philanthropy for 
Greater New York. The value of its services is recognized by 
the Police Department and other official agencies by referring 
to the Committee applications for the inauguration of collec- 
tions and other funds; and in consequence the Mayor's Com- 
mittee exercises a sympathetic but wise supervision of war chari- 
ties and other activities of public beneficence. 

By reason of its being so potent a force, the Mayor's Com- 
mittee also exercises its judgment on behalf of the Federal 
Government in sundry directions. 

AMALGAMATION OF EFFORTS 

Not alone does the Mayor's Committee encourage the getting 
together of charitable and similar organizations, but it stands 
for the amalgamation of every type of civic effort so far as is 

1:33: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

possible. In past years there were many small organizations 
scattered throughout Greater New York, which happily have 
united their forces in many instances to the great benefit, gen- 
erally, of all concerned; but the Mayor's Committee feels that 
a still further amalgamation of forces may be usefully carried 
out in several directions, and has quietly exerted its influence 
towards this end. 

Commanding, as the Committee does, the advice of some of 
the greatest organization experts of the country, the effort is 
for simplification at every point. The boards of many organi- 
zations doing constructive work to-day include committees on 
civic affairs, public safety, traffic, credit bureaus, and various 
types of merchants' associations. It is recognized that such 
boards should generally be divided into two classes of activity: 
Departments and Committees. The organization of a com- 
mittee is somewhat less rigid than a department, and in many 
cases it may prove wise to discontinue a committee which has 
outlived its usefulness. Cognizance is had of the tendency to 
do away with "standing committees" altogether, with the idea 
that committees appointed to put through a definite task are 
more likely to do good and continual work. The permanent 
boards, on the other hand, such as credit and traffic bureaus 
and realty exchanges, are encouraged to organize separate de- 
partments with definite and constructive work to be performed, 
and, so far as is possible, with paid executives in charge. The 
Mayor's Committee is frequently consulted by associations 
which desire to have expert and entirely disinterested opinions 
as to the best way of organization and operation. It is needless 
to say that the Committee is always ready to supply such advice 
freely and gladly. 

UNIFICATION OF CHARITIES 

In some cities there have been formed special campaign organi- 
zations to deal with the money-raising work brought on by 
war-time and reconstruction appeals. In some cases the 
plan has been extended to include a permanent fund, which has 

1:343 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED WAR WORK 



become popularly known as a "War Chest." People are as- 
sessed in proportion to their income, or on some similar basis, 
and those who agree to this assessment make their payments 
upon the installment plan. 

The approved plans for development include : ( i ) A central 
committee to pass upon the appeal for funds; (2) A permanent 
campaign fund organization; (3) The war chest plan, and a 
permanent fund with installment payment features. 

It is estimated that more than one hundred cities throughout 
the country are now working on the war chest plan, and a num- 
ber of large cities are considering an adaptation of the plan to 
their special requirements. 

In Cleveland, Ohio, it is estimated that in a single year money 
which would otherwise have gone to ill-advised or fraudulent 
soliciting for alleged charitable purposes has been saved to the 
extent of $90,000. The usual plan in handling this matter is 
for such a body as the Mayor's Committee to have a special 
Endorsement Committee to pass upon solicitations. Cards of 
authorization are issued to all approved solicitors, and these 
must be shown upon demand. Signs are displayed in business 
offices, factories, etc., stating that contributions will not be 
made excepting under these circumstances. The Mayor's Com- 
mittee is endeavoring to unify the most approved plans in deal- 
ing with charitable solicitations, and the results will be freely 
given for the benefit of other cities. 

The first instance of a large community movement of this 
kind appears to be the Baltimore Fund — a |i, 500,000 fund 
started early in 191 7 — to finance for a period of three years the 
Red Cross and other approved charitable and social agencies 
there. The City of Syracuse, N. Y., adopted a similar plan, 
when the Mayor issued a proclamation prohibiting the solicita- 
tion of funds without a license. As a result of this a general 
censoring committee was formed in Syracuse, and a plan was 
evolved whereby the citizens are called upon for given monthly 
payments for the duration of the war, to make up a yearly total 
of $1,200,000. 

In Rome, N. Y., it is estimated that an average of two dollars 

n353 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

was subscribed for the war chest fund for every man, woman 
and child in the community. Subscribers to the fund amounted 
to 35% of the total population and the employees of industrial 
establishments of Rome showed an efficiency average of 95.77%. 



BOARDS OF INVESTIGATION 

A LARGE number of cities have made some provision in the form 
of a citizens' board or central committee to investigate and pass 
upon the matter of all local appeals for financial aid. To 
unify these many efforts, the Mayor's Committee, as the New 
York City unit of the Council of National Defense of Washing- 
ton, has moved in favor of a National Investigating and En- 
dorsing Commission to cover not alone the charitable operations 
of cities, but of States generally. If this movement reaches 
national proportions, it is believed that practically every great 
community can be made to see that it is desirable that it should 
have its central committee to co-operate with the general central 
agencies in the important work of endorsement, as only in this 
way can adequate supervision be obtained. By this means the 
day of the fraudulent collector and the old-time "fifty-fifty 
charity" will be a thing of the past. 

Federal departments at Washington for the first time in their 
history are making a definite effort to extend their activities to 
the great masses of the people throughout the States and cities 
of the Union. The Mayor's Committee on National Defense 
is the designated unit in New York City for various of these 
departments, and the results of mobilizing the civilian popula- 
tion for the winning of the war were early in evidence. There 
are many ways in which the Federal Government at Washing- 
ton can be brought into intimate and permanent contact with 
the civic life of New York, and one of the most important func- 
tions of the Mayor's Committee is to centralize these activities 
and act as a clearing house between the General Government 
and the individual unit. 



1:363 



COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATED WAR WORK 



WIDE CO-ORDINATION 

A FEW only of the ways in which the Mayor's Committee met 
these needs may be mentioned: 

Co-operation and support were given by the Mayor's Com- 
mittee to all the various war organizations and societies which 
were interested, especially at the beginning of the war, in vari- 
ous ways in being of assistance to the Federal Government. 

Aid was given through the influence of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee in organizing entertainments, supplying speakers, 
military and police escorts for all kinds and manners of public 
afi^airs. 

Co-ordination was given through the Mayor's Committee to 
the various war organizations in this City which have sprung up 
through the patriotic impulse for the purpose of giving vari- 
ous comforts to the Army and Navy. 

Financial assistance, direct or indirect, was given to worthy 
organizations in arranging bazaars, fairs, gymkhanas, etc. 

Volunteer service was rendered through the Committee to 
many worthy war organizations in need of volunteer workers 
to carry out their purposes. 

Expert assistance is given by the staff of the Mayor's 
Committee to war organizations seeking guidance and infor- 
mation. A large and unlimited service was rendered in the 
way of advice and information to the soldiers and sailors within 
our City, assigning them to the various clubs and organiza- 
tions established for their benefit, and serving their interests 
in a multitude of ways. Dissemination of information pertain- 
ing to the various war organizations of New York City was 
carried out on a large scale. 



C37: 



COMMITTEE ON BUILDING AND 
CONSTRUCTION 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating 
to the construction and repairing of buildings and all 
work usually contemplated under the terms of con- 
struction, repair and building operations, in the 
City of New York, for the period of the war 
and such time thereafter as may be 
necessary. 



George MacDonald 
Chairman 

George H. Benjamin 
Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Carl, John H. Larkin, Adrian 

DoRDAN, John E. Lewisohn, Adolph 

Foster, Judge Warren W. McGuire, Cornelius 

Kelley, Charles J. Thomas, Charles G. M. 



MEMBERS 



Bergen, William C. 
Braid, John W. 
Brown, Rufus H. 
Bruckner, Henry 
Chambers, Albert N. 
Clarke, Audley 
Clonin, James E. 
Connolly, Maurice E. 
Cooke, Robert Grier 
Cram, J. S. 
Cravath, Paul D. 
Croxton, William N. 
Curtis, F. Kingsbury 
Dowling, Frank B. 
Escher, G. M. 
Ferguson, Robert B. 
Fish, John J. 
Fleischman, Gustav J. 
Gillies, R. C. 
Harding, Lewis 
Hastings, Thomas 



Kearns, Philip J. 
Marling, Alfred E. 
Meyers, Charles B. 
Morgan, William Fellowes 
Norman, C. G. 
O'Leary, John 
Oliver, W. H. 

O'ROURKE, T. A. 

Reid, William C. 
Riegelman, Edward 
Roach, Edward 
Ryan, J. P. 
Schwartz, S. I. 
Shevlin, John J. 
Stern, Louis 
Taylor, Ronald 
Van Clief, William S. 
Van Name, Calvin D. 
Westgren, M. F. 
Woodruff, Walter B. 
Young, William 



COMMITTEE ON BUILDING AND 
CONSTRUCTION 

SUPERVISORY POWERS 

CONSERVATION of building materials, labor and other 
factors in construction work was early made manifest 
as a part of the war program of the United States. Demands 
made by the ship-building yards, munition plants and in a 
thousand other directions rendered it imperative that no un- 
necessary erection of buildings or other public or private work 
should be permitted to lessen by any means the full striking 
power of America against its enemies. 

As a logical sequence, the Mayor's Committee on National 
Defense was indicated by the War -Industries Board at Wash- 
ington as the supervisory power for New York City. The 
building censorship thus established began its operations 
promptly and effectively in harmony with the resolution which 
had been unanimously adopted by the War Industries Board, 
as follows: 

Whereas, It has come to the notice of this Board that new industrial 
corporations are being organized in different sections of the United 
States for the erection of industrial plants which cannot be utilized 
in the prosecution of the war; and 

Whereas, Plans are being considered by certain States, counties, 
cities, and towns for the construction of public buildings and other 
improvements which will not contribute towards winning the war; 
and 

Whereas, The carrying forward of these activities will involve the 
utilization of labor, materials, and capital urgently required for war 
purposes : now, therefore, be it 

Resolved, by the War Industries Board, That in the public interest 
all new undertakings not essential to and not contributing either 
directly or indirectly towards winning the war, which involve the 
utilization of labor, material, and capital required in the production, 

n40 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

supply, or distribution of direct or indirect war needs will be dis- 
couraged, notwithstanding they may be of local importance and of a 
character which should in normal times meet with every encourage- 
ment; and be it further 

Resolved, That in fairness to those interested therein, notice is 
hereby given that this board will withhold from such projects priority 
assistance, without which new construction of the character men- 
tioned will frequently be found impracticable, and that this notice 
shall be given wide publicity, that all parties interested in such un- 
dertakings may be fully apprised of the difficulties and delays to 
which they will be subjected and embark upon them at their peril. 

PLEDGES OF CO-OPERATION 

Since that time the manufacturers of the principal building mate- 
rials, including paving brick, face brick, common brick, hollow tile, 
cement, and lime, have agreed to co-operate with the War Industries 
Board in carrying into effect the spirit of the foregoing resolution, 
and the individual manufacturers have signed and filed with the 
Priorities Division pledges in writing substantially as follows : 

The undersigned hereby pledges itself not to use, nor as far as 
lies within its power permit to be used, any products of its manu- 
facture now in, or which may hereafter come into, its possession or 
control, save (a) for essential uses, as that term has been or may be 
defined or applied from time to time by the Priorities Division of 
the War Industries Board, or (b) under permits in writing signed 
by or under authority of such Priorities Division; that it will make 
no sale or delivery of such products to any customer for resale 
until such customer has filed with it a similar pledge in writing, 
and that it will use its utmost endeavor to insure that its products 
shall be distributed solely for essential uses. 

Similar pledges are exacted by manufacturers from their customers 
who purchase for resale. 

That all interested in the manufacture and sale of building mate- 
rials, as well as those interested in building projects of every char- 
acter, may have a clear definition of or a ready means of ascertaining 
the uses to which such materials may be put, and be advised of build- 
ing projects which may be prosecuted during the war with the ap- 
proval of the War Industries Board, this circular is issued. 

Structures, roads, or other construction projects falling within the 
following classifications are hereby approved, and no permits or 
licenses will be required therefor: 

(i) After having first been cleared and approved by the War In- 
dustries Board, those undertaken directly by or under contract with 
the War Department or the Navy Department of the United States 
or the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, 
the Bureau of Industrial Housing and Transportation of the United 



COMMITTEE ON BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION 

States Department of Labor, or the United States Housing Corpora- 
tion. 

(2) Repairs of or extensions to existing buildings involving in the 
aggregate a cost not exceeding twenty-five hundred dollars ($2,500), 

(3) Roadways, buildings, and other structures undertaken by or 
under contract with the United States Railroad Administration, or a 
railroad operated by such administration. 

(4) Those directly connected with mines producing coal, metals, 
and ferro-alloy minerals; and 

(5) Public highway improvements and street pavements when ex- 
pressly approved in writing by the United States Highways Council. 

No building project not falling within one of the foregoing classes 
shall be undertaken without a permit in writing issued by or under 
the authority of the Chief of the Non-War Construction Section of 
the Priorities Division of the War Industries Board. 

Should one contemplating building conceive his proposed project 
to be in the public interest or of such essentiality that under existing 
conditions it should not be deferred, then he will make a full state- 
ment of the facts in writing, under oath, and present same to the 
Mayor's Committee on National Defense, applying for their approval 
of the proposed construction. Should the Committee approve the 
construction project, they will promptly transmit the application, 
stating clearly and fully their reason for approving same, and will 
transmit it to the Chief of the Non-War Construction Section of the 
Priorities Division of the War Industries Board, Washington, D. C, 
for consideration, if need be, further investigation, and final decision. 
Should the application be finally approved by the Priorities Division 
a construction permit will issue which will constitute- a warrant to 
manufacturers and dealers who have taken the pledges of co-operation 
above mentioned to sell and deliver building materials required in 
the construction of the licensed building project. 



WAR'S IMPERATIVE DEMANDS 

While it is not the policy of the Government to unnecessarily inter- 
fere with any legitimate business, industry, or construction project, 
it must be borne in mind that there is an imperative and constantly 
increasing demand for labor, material, and capital for the production 
and distribution of direct and indirect war needs to satisfy which 
much non-war construction must be deferred. A full realization of 
this fact by all loyal and patriotic citizens, including State and 
municipal authorities, is all that is required to postpone such con- 
struction activities as interfere with the war program. The construc- 
tion projects which must now be deferred may be undertaken when 
we shall have won the war, and will then furnish employment to the 
returning artisan now on the battle-front as well as those who will 
then be released by strictly war industries. 

n43j 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Circular No. 21 issued by the Priorities Division of the War Indus- 
tries Board under date of September 3, 19 18, dealing with non-war 
construction, applies only to projected buildings and not to those 
already begun. Where a substantial portion of a building has already 
been constructed, manufacturers and distributors of and dealers in 
building materials may continue to furnish such materials for the 
completion of such building, pending further action by the War In- 
dustries Board. The local representatives of the Council of National 
Defense are requested to make surveys of all building activities in 
their respective territories and report same as promptly as possible, 
together with their recommendations concerning the necessity for the 
continuance of such construction or deferring same until after the war. 



A PATRIOTIC RESPONSE 

Although there was nearly 1 1 00,000,000 worth of building con- 
struction in contemplation in this city, and ready to proceed 
upon the receipt of permits from proper authorities, the ten- 
dency of the trade was expressed as being ready to defer all 
kinds of building that could possibly wait until the opening of 
the building season in the spring of 19 19. The trade was in- 
clined to believe that the near future would develop such radical 
changes for the better in relation to the Government's construc- 
tion program that it would be possible to have higher expecta- 
tions in the matter of consideration at the hands of the building 
censors after the turn of the year. 

Architects also in the meantime were working over their 
plans to eliminate steel wherever possible, but operations that 
could not wait were to be placed before the Committee for per- 
mits to proceed at once. There was reported to be a great 
quantity of this kind of work that would come up on applica- 
tion before the Mayor's Committee, including possible work of 
larger caliber than had prevailed in private construction reports 
for some time. The building trades of this city, in meeting the 
requirements of the Federal war program, showed at once a 
most generous spirit of individual sacrifice and collective 
patriotism. 



n443 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC FINANCE 

This Committee is empowered to deal with the protec- 
tion of New York's interests in finance, equitable 
taxation, and the stabilization of all mat- 
ters affecting the City's revenues. 



Louis G. Kaufman 
Chairman 

A. Barton Hepburn 

Vice-Chairman 

executive committee 

Baker, Geo. F. Milburn, John G. 

Demorest, William Curtis Sabin, Charles H. 

DuRANT, William C. Seligman, Henry 

Heinz, Thomas W. Stetson, Francis Lynde 



MEMBERS 



Appleton, Francis R., Jr. 
Baldwin, L. E. 
Baylies, Edmund L. 
Bertron, S. Reading 
Black, John A. 
Bonbright, William P. 
Brown, Willard S. 
Butler, William Allen 
Carew, Hon. John F. 
CwANAGH, John G. 
Clews, Henry 
CowLES, Russell A. 
Cram, J. Sergeant 
CuLLEN, Edgar M. 
Daniels, C. C. 
Day, Joseph P. 
Degnon, Michael 
DoNEGAN, Nicolas T. 
duPont, Coleman 
Erlanger, Abraham 
Fahnestock, William 
Fletcher, Andrew 
Francolini, Joseph N. 
Gillespie, Lawrence L. 
Gould, Geo. J. 



Griscom, Clement Acton 
GwATHMEY, J. Temple 
Harriss, Dr. John A. 
Hayden, Charles 
Jennings, Walter 
Jourdan, Franklin B. 
Kruttschnitt, J. 
Lydecker, Charles E. 
McRoberts, Samuel 
Marsden, R. L. 
MoRAWETz, Victor 
O'Brien, John F. 
Oswald, John Clyde 
PuRDY, Lawson 
Robinson, Douglas 
Sachs, Mayer 
Saxe, John G. 
ScHiFF, Mortimer L. 
Sinclair, H. F. 
Speyer, James 
Straus, Oscar S. 
Sturgis, Frank K. 
Sullivan, Florence J. 
TiLFORD, Frank 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC FINANCE 

PATRIOTISM AND SELF-PROTECTION 

THERE exists a dual question in the relationship of muni- 
cipal to Federal finance. This question the Mayor's 
Committee on National Defense has endeavored to meet in a 
broad aspect by an academic but practical treatment of the 
subject as affecting Greater New York. At the same time con- 
sideration is given to the larger question of supporting ade- 
quately the Federal Government in connection with the greater 
financial burdens thrust upon the City by reason of the war. 

The whole question and consideration of Federal duties and 
governmental support, in so far as the City is concerned, has 
been given unremitting study in connection with the various 
Liberty Loans and other demands which have been made from 
the superior source. There is no doubt that New York has the 
ability and willing spirit to continue to make its proper and 
proportionate contribution of finances for the successful con- 
duct of the war as well as the great demands for readjustment 
in our country and the reconstruction abroad which inevitably 
will follow the cessation of hostilities. For the service aim of 
the Committee on Civic Finance is to arrive at a perhaps more 
equitable basis of support in connection with these demands. 
Varied points of view must be considered and the widest practi- 
cal vision is obviously necessary for the successful continuance 
of the great industries upon which the prosperity of New York 
City is founded. 

Taxation — city. State and national — is now so burdensome 
that the whole question is being studied by this section of the 
Mayor's Committee to arrive at a more scientific basis, if pos- 
sible. In many cases the theory of taxation as affecting the 
City's interest results unintentionally in inequalities; and there- 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

fore the object of the Mayor's Committee is to determine 
whether the burden of taxation cannot be more equitably 
applied. 

EQUITABLE IMPOSITIONS 

With the most economical administration, New York City 
taxes are notably high, and it is the purpose of the Mayor's 
Committee to assist in arriving at a more equitable scale of 
imposition to relieve the conditions which at the present time 
are inevitably burdensome. The general question of taxation 
is of course covered by the official Bureau of Taxation, but vari- 
ous questions not within the scope of such a bureau arise by 
reason of the abnormal demands brought about by the war. 

It has been observed that both the National and State gov- 
ernments have shown a disposition to cast a large proportion 
of the burden of taxation upon the cities. This is done on the 
general theory that the major portion of the wealth of the 
country is centered in cities and that it is proper they should 
bear the major burdens of taxation. 

It is admitted that this may in a sense be proper, so far as 
personal taxation is concerned, but manifestly unjust as affect- 
ing municipal rights. 

The Committee on Civic Finance, therefore, takes up on be- 
half of the people of the City of New York all questions of 
taxation as affecting the city, to determine whether or not 
the burden is properly applied, and to resist all attempts at 
improper taxation. 

Taxation is always a complex subject, and cannot by its 
nature be treated as an exact science. It is a confusing matter 
to the best experts, and of late it has taken on a more im- 
portant and serious aspect by reason of the new and larger 
scope of taxation imposed by the Federal Government in carry- 
ing out its war program and post-war plans. 

AN "A, B, C OF TAXATION" 

An "A, B, C of Taxation" has been in contemplation by the 
Mayor's Committee and affiliated organizations. There seems 

1:483 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC FINANCE 



to be a great need for useful information in small pamphlets 
and popular presentation of the tax regulations of New York 
City, embodying excerpts from the laws of the State and 
Nation affecting the citizens of New York. The need for such 
a pamphlet in popular form has been shown recently by the 
abuses which have been brought to the public notice in con- 
nection with tax lien matters, whereby even those who are 
serving under the colors of their country abroad have been in 
danger of losing their property by reason of tax sales. In- 
vestigation by prominent authorities is under way, and it is 
anticipated that the present unsatisfactory position regarding 
tax matters will be taken under revision. 

Aside from a popular presentation, the present tax rate and 
further improvements required to keep pace with the progress 
demanded for the stabilization of property interests within the 
City involve the question of an analysis of all laws, the City 
Charter, and other measures as affecting City finances, so that, 
if necessary, obsolete laws may be dealt with and revoked. 

LABOR AND FINANCE 

New sources of city revenue are engaging the study of mem- 
bers of the Mayor's Committee and of many other experts in 
budget-making. Practical reports on the requirements of re- 
construction finance, and what must be done to meet these 
enlarged demands, are in preparation in various quarters, and 
to New York City belongs the credit of having first issued the 
findings of such investigations. 

Two theories are in circulation as to the efi'ect which the close 
of the war is to have. In America there is a considerable body 
of public opinion which predicts a slump, whereas in the British 
Isles, for instance, many people are convinced that the war is 
to be succeeded by a period of immensely widened industrial 
and commercial activity. 

It is believed by the British that a readjustment of labor 
conditions will be necessary. Previous to the amazingly patri- 
otic way in which labor has responded to the urgent needs of the 

n49: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

war, production in the British Isles had been cut down, because 
of a "ca'-canny" — a Scottish word indicating that workers ap- 
plied themselves either with speed or with slackness, accord- 
ing to the amount of money they could earn. 

It is obvious that the financial prosperity of New York must 
depend in large part upon labor conditions; and upon this, as 
upon other phases of the City's financial stability, the Mayor's 
Committee is bestowing great care. 

SANE FINANCE 

This Committee has cognizance of the questions relating to 
the finances of the City which are administered by the compe- 
tent authorities. These functionaries generally apply existing 
laws wisely; but the pressure of their duties permits them no 
time in which to suggest or incorporate new ideas or to apply 
the principles of economic finance to the problems which arise. 
The immense growth of the City and its further development 
make it necessary that the questions of civic finance should re- 
ceive consideration so that the principles to be observed, as 
well as the application of those principles, may be determined. 

Sane finance in coping with the increased municipal require- 
ments brought about by the added demands from the war, 
is an additional reason why these matters necessarily are placed 
in the special care of a Committee whose individual members 
have had a wide experience in all matters pertaining to munici- 
pal finance, industrial banking, the labor situation and other 
questions which apparently are to be acute at the close of 
hostilities. 

The conversion of factories for doing peace-time work in 
war time, and of war-time work when peace has come, is a factor 
in the situation which is being specially studied. Included in 
this subject is the great need for additional facilities for bank- 
ing credits for established industries. In other words, the 
Committee on Civic Finance, while having cognizance of all 
matters and elements which are to be considered for the continu- 
ation and solidification of civic finance of the City, has neces- 

n5o: 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC FINANCE 



sarily taken note of the transitions brought about by the war. 
The change from peace-time finance to the seemingly inordinate 
demands of the Federal Government upon the City's tax rais- 
ing abilities is a question of most serious concern for the City, 
and consequently is a concern of this Committee. Income tax 
and mounting industrial imposts necessarily have a bearing 
upon the protective interests exercised by the Committee. 



1:5a 




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COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions affect- 
ing New York City relating to Civil Govern- 
ment and the rights and privileges of citi- 
zens; and as regards charitable and 
reformatory questions arising 
out of the present war. 



Mortimer L. Schiff 
Chairman 

Charles D, Hilles 
Vice-Chairman 

executive committee 

Battle, George Gordon Lindsay, Samuel McCune 

Chandler, H. A. E. O'Keefe, John G. 

Dike, Judge Norman S. Price, W. W. 

Lindsay, John D. Pulleyn, John J. 



MEMBERS 



Ball, Alfred J. 

Barbour, W. Warren 

Bernard, The Very Rev. Father 

Boyle, James F. 

Brent, Henry Kelly 

Carter, R. A. 

Clark, Appleton L. 

Cobb, Judge W. Bruce 

Collins, Judge Cornelius F. 

Dalton, William A. 

Enelow, Rabbi Hyman G. 

Calvin, John F. 

Goddell, Rev. C. L. 

Gould, Edwin 

Griffin, Daniel J. 

Hadden, George 

Hammer, Ernest E. L. 

HiNEs, William A. 

HoYT, Judge Franklin C. 

James, Arthur Curtiss 



Jasper, William H. 
juilliard, a. d. 
Kearns, B. T, 
Kennelly, Bryan L, 
Kephart, Rev. William H. 
McAvoY, Thomas F. 
McGean, Rt. Rev. James H. 
MacLean, Andrev/ 
Morris, Dave H. 
Morse, Anthony W. 
Myrick, Julian S. 
Nissen, Ludwig 
O'Brien, John H. 
Outerbridge, E. H. 
Rayens, Michael W. 
Reiss, Morris D. 
Riley, Thomas J. 
Ryan, Judge Morgan M. L. 
Van de Water, Rev. George R. 
Weinstock, Leon C. 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 

IMPENDING CIVIC CHANGES 

THE war has brought about immense changes; it has created 
new conditions; it has stirred into activity many ques- 
tions heretofore dormant; it has brought out the good and like- 
wise the bad in mankind. It has excited loyalty and patriot- 
ism, as also vicious antagonism and all the destructive elements 
found in humanity. It is believed by those who have consid- 
ered the subject, that many important changes will take place in 
the government of cities. 

The problem of handling the seven millions of people of 
Greater New York so as to insure order and conduce to their 
happiness, is one that immediately appeals for serious consider- 
ation and wise counsel. 

This statement is made only as a suggestion of what may be 
looked for in the future, with the hope that the condition will 
be recognized and proper measures taken to insure adequate 
government and relief. The subject is so large that it cannot 
be here outlined and must be developed by the City as a whole. 



COMMUNITY COUNCILS AND WAR 

To meet the immediate need, efforts at community betterment 
on a scale never even heretofore planned are being carried on 
from the Hall of Records as the centre of activities of the Com- 
mittee on Civic Problems. Many civic interests are being 
served through this section, but, by the limitations of space, two 
major operations only will be mentioned in any detail here. 

The first sizable piece of constructive work which was un- 
dertaken by the Committee was in connection with community 

n55n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

councils as a means whereby the work of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee can be carried out into the immediate community. This 
work was taken up in April, 19 18. President Wilson on March 
13th had issued an appeal for communal service, and as the 
recognized New York unit of the Council of National Defense 
at Washington, the Mayor's Committee promptly entered upon 
the gigantic task of carrying out the Federal program. 

In the words of the Council at Washington: "The successful 
conduct of the war rests entirely upon the development of pub- 
lic opinion in the spirit of the war to the highest possible degree, 
and there is no form of organization which can reach every 
member of the community as can the community councils. 
The people of New York will look to the Mayor's Committee 
as to no other body for direction in this work. They are the 
official war body for your city and the only organization around 
which every agency can be gathered. . . . Prompt action is 
necessary as the work is great and of far reaching importance, 
and unless a common leadership is established which all may 
follow there is great danger that many agencies will proceed 
upon their own initiative, which will greatly impair the effi- 
ciency and intelligence of this work." 

ADAPTING THE FEDERAL PROGRAM 

A SERIES of conferences with practical social workers and prom- 
inent residents of the City interested in civic betterment was 
immediately entered upon to determine what could be done to 
give effect to the Washington program for civilian war serv- 
ice. A special committee was appointed to work out a practical 
plan for the co-ordination of war work and the development of 
community councils in New York City. 

The results of the preliminary survey were presented before a 
largely attended conference at the City Hall on June loth. The 
findings of the special sub-committee were then presented in the 
following report : 



1:563 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 



A PLAN OF CO-ORDINATING WAR WORK AND 

DEVELOPING COMMUNITY COUNCILS 

IN NEW YORK CITY 

I. ORIGIN OF THE PLAN 

Upon the basis of the President's letter and at the urgent suggestion 
of the Council of National Defense, the Committee on Civic Problems 
of the Mayor's Committee on National Defense called a meeting on 
April 26 to ascertain whether it was the opinion of those now en- 
gaged in war work in New York City that the Mayor's Committee 
could render service along the lines indicated in President Wilson's 
letter. 

At this meeting, to which some forty representatives from various 
organizations were invited, it appeared to be the unanimous opinion 
of those present that the Mayor's Committee should assume leader- 
ship in this work. A committee of eight was appointed to consider 
what should be the scheme of organization for carrying the Govern- 
ment's war program into every community. Furthermore, this Com- 
mittee was instructed to draw up plans for a larger conference to 
which the scheme of organization should be presented. The com- 
mittee of eight presents the following report: 

II. BASIS OF THE PLAN 

The attention of the Committee was at once directed to the letter 
of President Wilson and to the memoranda of the Council of National 
Defense laying down the basis of the work and the general plan of 
procedure. These communications strongly urge the need of a 
"fusion of energies now too much scattered" and the necessity of ex- 
tending present activities to communities not yet properly organized. 
The program laid down calls specifically for: 

1. The organization of the entire community in support of the 
war through the means of community councils. 

2. The "centralization and correlation of the war work of all or- 
ganizations." 

The problem is, therefore, clearly one of co-ordination of existing 
efforts, and the development of machinery for carrying the Govern- 
ment's program into every community. 

III. INVESTIGATION 

Before the plan of co-ordination could be developed, it was 
obviously necessary to know what was to be co-ordinated. The 
Committee, therefore, at once got into touch with the principal or- 

1:57:1 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



ganizations now doing war work in New York City and made an in- 
vestigation as to : 

1. The agencies now engaged in war work, the types and scope of 
work now being carried on by each, and the plans for further 
extension. 

2. The possibility of co-ordinating existing efforts in New York 
City and the plans that could be most easily adjusted to the 
work already under way. 



IV. FINDINGS 

The findings of the Committee are of the most complex nature, and 
are very difficult to summarize in a few words. The following, how- 
ever, present the most essential facts : 

1 . There is already under way an amount of war work that is little 
short of amazing. More than i,ooo organizations have been listed as 
engaged in war work in this city. Some of these agencies are thor- 
oughly organized and have under way extensive programs which are 
being carried out with a high degree of efficiency. Some are devoted 
to a single line of endeavor, while others are attempting to carry out 
from two to ten or more separate programs. 

2. While in numerous cases agencies are co-ordinating in special 
work, no general plan of co-ordination has been developed, and in 
fact in no one place have we been able to find a classified statement 
of the activities of even the principal organizations along functional 
lines. 

3. From the territorial point of view, we find some communities 
very successfully organized for carrying out various types of work, 
while other communities are very backward and have responded very 
faintly to some of the more important sides of the war program. 

4. Concerning the organization plans upon which the various 
agencies are developing their work, we also find much variety. Some 
agencies attempt to carry out a single program. Other agencies are 
attempting to carry out within a restricted area several types of work 
along functional lines, and still others are endeavoring to efi'ect an 
organization based upon the general community council plan. 

5. Concerning the attitude of the agencies now engaged in war 
work toward the suggestion of the Council of National Defense that 
the Mayor's Committee should assume leadership in the matter of 
developing community councils and co-ordinating existing efi'orts, 
the Committee finds a most promising spirit. It appears to be the 
strong conviction of many of those consulted that there is urgent 
need for co-ordination and that the lead should be undertaken by the 
Mayor's Committee. 

6. The Committee also finds that an important number of societies 
not now engaged in war work are ready to co-operate, not to mention 

L5SI 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 



the thousands of individuals who are eager to join an organized effort 
for community support of the war. 



V. DISTINCT TYPES OF WORK CONTEMPLATED 

Concerning the correct plan for co-ordinating the work in each 
community, however, there exists a wide difference of opinion. An 
examination of the various plans, however, in the light of the facts 
presented to the Committee convinces us that there is nothing essen- 
tially contradictory among these plans, but that each is suggested 
with a view to placing emphasis upon a separate phase of the work. 
In this connection the information presented to the Committee clearly 
indicates that there are two distinct types of work to be done and 
that each type calls for a distinct form of organization. Further- 
more, a re-examination of the proposals of the President together 
with the memoranda of the Council of National Defense clearly in- 
dicates that each has in mind these same two distinct types of work. 

By dealing with each type separately it is believed that we may 
remove nearly all elements of confusion and conflict and in a large 
measure accomplish what each of the various groups has in mind. 

The first type of work contemplates the organization of every 
locality upon the community council plan, the special function being 
"to enlist and maintain the enthusiasm and support of every indi- 
vidual back of the war." 

Such community organizations would handle the work of extending 
propaganda through mass meetings, patriotic parades, house-to-house 
canvasses, etc. In addition to the foregoing, they would undertake 
any particular work that might have special local importance. 

For the development of this community council work there is a 
popular demand of great strength; an enthusiastic group is ready to 
support it; it has the approval of the President of the United States 
and the urgent backing of the Council of National Defense, and, in 
fact, it is already partly organized in some localities. It should be 
pushed as rapidly as possible, and every aid from the Mayor's Com- 
mittee on National Defense should be given to it. 

• However, community councils organized on the democratic basis 
cannot be expected to accomplish all that is necessary to carry out 
the entire program of co-ordination desired by the President and the 
Council of National Defense. Democratic organization from the 
ground up has not proved the most efficient method of obtaining 
quick action where great administrative problems must be summarily 
dealt with. The whole history of the war in democratic countries has 
shown conclusively that rapid and effective administration demands 
centralization of administrative programs, and organization from 
the top down. Moreover, it is the belief of many of those who have 
had the longest experience in social work and community organization 
in New York City that effective machinery for administration 

[:593 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



through the means of community councils cannot be developed 
with sufficient rapidity to carry out all of the emergency plans of 
the present war program. 

The second type of work included in Washington's programs con- 
templates the construction of a co-ordinating machinery which will 
not only harmonize existing efforts, but will provide the means for 
concerted administrative action in carrying out future war programs. 
It is essentially executive and administrative in character. It has to 
do with the co-ordination of existing work, the formulation of plans 
for the execution of definite programs involving more or less technical 
knowledge and the carrying out of these plans through the means of 
trained assistants. 

To accomplish this second type of work, therefore, the community 
council plan should be supplemented with a more direct plan of organ- 
ization that can be immediately established at the head of the work 
and that will establish immediate contact between the Council of 
National Defense at Washington and the central organizations already 
at work in the various fields of the war program. 

As a basis upon which the second plan should be carried out, the 
Committee presents the following conclusions : 

1. Utilization of Existing Organizations. To avoid duplica- 
tion of work now being done as well as to obtain the organization and 
personnel necessary to the accomplishment of the vast program pro- 
posed by the President and the Council of National Defense it is 
absolutely necessary that the work planned by the Mayor's Commit- 
tee be done for the most part by and through those already engaged 
in war work. 

2. Small Executive Committee. In order to obtain quick ac- 
tion, it is necessary to have a small executive committee which can 
turn the Government's plans over directly to those who must carry 
them out. 

3. Functional Organization. The program of work is too vast 
and the kinds of work too numerous to be dealt with quickly and 
adequately by one group. This statement is true both of central 
organization and local organization. The Executive Committee must, 
therefore, work through independent sections organized along func- 
tional lines, and these central sections must be able to deal directly 
with those in each community qualified to do the particular type of 
work in hand. 

4. Representation of All Interests. All those now engaged in 
war work, regardless of creed, politics, or other difi'erences, should be 
represented in the central body that undertakes the general co-ordina- 
tion of the work. But as this body would be too large for executive 
work, it should be divided into sections, each of which would include 
those individuals and representatives of organizations interested in 
any special type of work. 



1602 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 



VI. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION 

It is the belief of the Committee that the two principal programs 
above outlined can be put into immediate operation by the following 
two-fold plan: 

A. An executive-administrative organization to be appointed and 
to act as the central co-ordinating group. 

B. A democratically elected community council in each locality, 
which would send delegates to the central co-ordinating committee. 

A. The Central Co-ordinating Organization. 

(I) Executive Committee: 

To consist of not exceeding fifteen members in addition to the fol- 
lowing, who will act ex ofjlcio: The President of the Board of Alder- 
men, the City Chamberlain, the President of the Board of Education, 
the Chairman of the Mayor's Committee, the Director-General, the 
Chairman of the Committee on Civic Problems. 

(II) City Committee on the Co-ordination of War Work. 

1. To include: 

(a) Representatives from every important agency now doing 
war work. 

(b) Representatives of departments of the City Government 
concerned in war work. 

(c) Elected representatives from community councils, as fast 
as they may be organized, as explained below. 

2. This Committee to be divided into sections upon functional 
lines as indicated immediately below. 

(III) Functional Groups within City Committee on Co-ordination. 

1. Each group to include all members of the City Committee 
representing agencies concerned with or engaged in the particular 
type of work in question. 

2. Each functional group to organize on whatever plan can be 
adjusted to the work already under way. 

3. Each functional group to be known as the "Central Co-ordi- 
nating Committee on Work." 

4. Each functional group to carry down the subdivision of its 
organization to the smallest community organization that is best 
adapted to its particular type of work (in some cases this may be 
the school district, or assembly district, or police precinct, or district 
of the local exemption board). The important thing is not that all 
types of work should use the same district for purposes of administra- 
tion and co-ordination, but that each should cover the entire City in 
the way best adapted to its particular work and that it should be 
enabled to utilize the districting plan already effected in its particular 
line of work. 

ceo 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

B. Community Council Organization. 

(I) Essential Facts. 

The vast possibilities of this movement are not to be questioned, 
but opinion is divided as to the proper size of the community unit, 
and as to the best method of organization. No less than eight sepa- 
rate systems of districting the city have been suggested. 

However, it does not appear that the movement should be held 
back until a uniform system of districting can be agreed upon. Nor 
is it clear that a uniform district is essential or best adapted to the 
closest community co-operation. For years community work has 
been done in districts of varying sizes, and wherever such a district is 
well defined it would appear to be the normal unit for the community 
council. At this time the all-important consideration is that the 
movement should be given the active backing of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee and that community councils now organizing should be 
officially recognized. 

(II) Immediate Program. 

1. Community councils to be organized in each locality as rapidly 
as possible. 

2. Each community to determine its own boundaries and in case 
of serious overlapping or the omission of sections in between commu- 
nities, the question to be determined by conference of the adjacent 
communities with the Executive Committee. 

3. The Executive Committee to be empowered to give the official 
recognition of the Mayor's Committee on National Defense to com- 
munity councils now in process of organization, this recognition to 
depend only upon the two following provisions : 

(a) That the community council shall be open to and repre- 
sentative of every resident and every social activity within 
the community. 

(b) That it shall agree to co-operate in the support of the 
general war program to be carried out by the Mayor's 
Committee on National Defense in conjunction with the 
Council of National Defense at Washington. 

4. Until such time as it may be feasible to divide the city for the 
purpose of establishing borough and district councils, each commu- 
nity council shall be asked to send delegates to the City Committee 
on Co-ordination of War Work, such delegations to be apportioned 
roughly according to population. 

5. The delegates from the community councils serving as members 
of the City Committee on Co-ordination of War Work to act with 
the Executive Committee and the various functional groups in carry- 
ing out any particular plan to be decided upon by the City Com- 
mittee. 

C. The Practical Working of the Two-fold Plan may be illus- 
trated as follows: 

1:623 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 



1. The Executive Committee on Co-ordination will receive official 
notice of the work to be done. 

2. The Executive Committee will then call a meeting of the par- 
ticular section of the City Committee immediately concerned with 
this work. (As explained before, this functional section will include 
all those members of the City Committee that are now engaged in 
the particular type of work, including city officials and representa- 
tives of organizations.) 

3. This section, which then constitutes the Central Co-ordinating 

Committee on • Work,* will then formulate the plan of 

administration and proceed to carry out the program through its own 
sub-agents in each locality. 

4. After the program of action is thus decided upon, the Executive 
Committee will call into conference the delegates from the community 
councils and arrange with them to organize the community in each 
locality to back up the program. 

5. The local community council will then have a meeting and 
transact the following business: 

(a) Public demonstrations will be planned to bring to the 
entire community the special work in hand. 

(b) A committee of those interested in this particular type of 
work will be appointed to co-operate directly with the 
representatives of the Central Co-ordinating Committee 
having charge of that particular work m that locality. 

In summary, the plan of co-ordination is as follows: 

(a) The central functional group composed of experts already en- 
gaged in that line of work formulates a plan of action and proceeds 
to carry it out immediately through its sub-agencies. 

(b) The representatives of the community councils in the Central 
Committee also receive the plan from the central functional group 
and carry it to the local community councils. 

(c) The local committees of the community councils then meet the 
local representatives of the central functional group and co-operate 
in carrying out the details of the plan in that locality. 



VII. PLAN FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION 

1 . An Executive Committee to be appointed. 

2. This Executive Committee to proceed at once to organize the 
Central Co-ordinating Committee in each important branch of war 
work along lines similar to those suggested in this report. 

3. The Executive Committee at once to recognize the community 
councils which meet the two conditions suggested in this report. 

4. Delegates from these recognized community councils to take 
their places in the Central Co-ordinating Committee as fast as elected, 

* Whatever work is appropriate to the Committee in question. 
1:63:] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

and to be asked to co-operate in the extension of the community coun- 
cil plan to all localities not so organized. 



USING EXISTING AGENCIES 

At the City Hall conference it was explained that to avoid 
duplication of work now being done, as well as to obtain the 
organization and personnel necessary to the vast program as 
proposed, it is necessary that the work planned by the Mayor's 
Committee be done for the most part by and through those 
already engaged in community war work. 

The conference unanimously endorsed the plan of co-ordina- 
tion as presented. A chairman and other officials were 
appointed with an executive committee of fifteen to inaugurate 
the plan for Greater New York. Details of the organization 
are now being developed along independent lines by desire of 
the Mayor's Committee. 



JUVENILE DELINQUENCY 

War conditions have increased juvenile delinquency to an 
alarming extent in Europe. Germany and Austria have shown 
increases up to 370 per cent. America fortunately has been 
slow to respond to the removal of parental restraints resulting 
frequently from the absence on war service of the father and 
the preoccupations of other adult members of the family; but 
the Committee on Civic Problems moved promptly for pre- 
ventive measures. The Big Brothers, Big Sisters and other 
movements were co-operated with early and effectively. A 
series of monthly conferences were held at the Children's Court 
in New York City, where the testimony of magistrates and 
other social workers tended to confirm the fear that demoraliz- 
ing conditions might enter American life if precautions were not 
taken. 

The last official report from Albany is that delinquency 
among young girls in the State of New York has increased by 
twenty per cent, and there is indication from other sources that 

1:643 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC PROBLEMS 



a generally similar condition prevails in some other sections. 
The Mayor and other officials were approached on the matter of 
preventive measures being taken to guard the moral welfare of 
the young, after the matter had been considered by a special 
committee. At the instance of the Committee on Civic Prob- 
lems of the Mayor's Committee, special legislation was intro- 
duced before the Board of Aldermen. 

To bring the need for better supervision directly before the 
public, the Committee was instrumental in having the following 
manifesto issued from the Mayor's office: 



PROCLAMATION! 

To the Parents and Guardians of the Children 
of the City of New York : 

There has been an alarming increase in juvenile delinquency in 
European cities and there is danger of a similar increase in the City 
of New York. Conditions brought on by the war have led the 
Mayor's Committee on National Defense through its Sub-committee 
on Civic Problems to bring to my attention the fact that with the 
co-operation of parents and guardians, danger of an increase in juve- 
nile delinquency may be removed. 

The experience of those dealing with juvenile delinquency in this 
and other cities shows that delinquency is more largely caused by 
lack of care in planning the leisure time and recreational activities 
of children rather than being due to any inherent desire on the part 
of the child to be bad. This applies to the children of the rich as well 
as of the poor. 

Therefore, as Mayor of the City of New York, I appeal to all 
parents and guardians of children, especially now that our schools 
are closed for the summer, to make it a matter of special concern to 
see that every child in the City of New York has the benefit of a care- 
fully thought out plan for all of his or her leisure time and recrea- 
tional activities. 

In those homes from which men have been called for active service, 
it is especially important that someone be found as a counsellor or 
aide in giving leadership to the boys and girls who might otherwise 
suffer for the lack of attention. 

The regular vacation and recreational activities of children should 
not be curtailed because of the war. In view of the increasing im- 
portance of this problem, all organizations engaged in playground 
and recreational work should increase their facilities. Parents and 
guardians should plan to have their children take advantage of the 

n65i 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

facilities furnished by the city authorities and other organizations 
promoting recreational activities. 

The Mayor's Committee invites the active co-operation of the 
public press and the citizens of New York in preventing any increase 
in juvenile delinquency and to this end will welcome suggestions. 

All who can give volunteer service are urged to co-operate with 
existing organizations which are promoting playgrounds, civic cen- 
ters, social settlements and the various movements for the recreational 
activities of boys and girls. 

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused 
the seal of the City of New York to be affixed. 

Done in the City of New York, this twenty-sixth day of July, in 
the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eighteen. 

(Signed) John F. Hylan. 



By the Mayor: 

Grover a. Whalen, 

Secretary to the Mayor. 



A NATIONAL EFFORT 

The need for prompt action on the matter of juvenile de- 
linquency is being brought to the attention also of the Mayors 
of other important cities throughout the country. The effort 
of the Mayor's Committee is to exert the widest influence 
through the recognized leadership which is exercised by New 
York City on national affairs. 




166-2 



COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating 
to all foreign and domestic commerce as affect- 
ing the City of New York during and 
following the war. 



Irving T. Bush 
Chairman 

Lewis E. Pierson 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Delafield, Richard Towne, H. R. 

Downey, John P. Twitchell, H. K. 

O'GoRMAN, James A. Van Sinderin, Howard 

Strong, Benjamin Williams, Arthur 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Adams, James Warren 
Adrian, Charles 
Ames, Louis Annin 
Appleton, R. Ross 
Arnstein, Max 
Atkinson, W. F. 
Desmond, Thomas C. 
EiDLiTz, Otto M. 
Heide, Henry 

JuiLLIARD, A. D. 

Kunhardt, Henry 
Marling, Alfred E. 
McAvoY, Thos. F. 
McCarter, R. D. 
Metz, Herman A. 
Montgomery, R. H. 
Olsen, John A. 
Paton, Thomas B. 
Patten, Thomas G. 
Phelan, John J. 
Flatten, John W. 
Plimpton, G. A. 
Reick, William C. 
Riehle, John M. 
Rockwell, Joseph H. 



Runkel, Louis 
Sampers, L H. 
SOLARI, LuiGi 
Stanchfield, John B. 
Straus, Jesse L 
TiLFORD, Frank 
Tompkins, Roswell D. 
VoGEL, Edwin C. 
Walker, H. B. 
Wallach, Samuel 
Warburg, Felix M. 
Weil, Jacob 
Wendt, Alfred 
Wheeler, Howard 
White, John J. 
Wilbur, John A. 
Wiley, Louis 
Williams, Talcott 
Wilsey, Frank D. 
Wise, Henry A. 
Wright, H. J. 
Young, John R. 
Young, Owen D. 
ZuccA, Antonio 



COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE 

A PRODIGAL EXPENDITURE 

QUESTIONS of commerce can no longer be isolated by rea- 
_son of the mere geographical location of people in the 
future great family of nations. The strength of New York has 
been prodigally expended on behalf of the neutral and allied 
countries during the war, and the situation arising out of these 
conditions must have early and expert treatment. Among the 
new conditions to be met is that of the gigantic merchant ma- 
rine and its wide activity which remains as a result of the 
prodigious ship-building program so effectively initiated and 
carried through by the governmental authorities. 

If New York is to retain its supremacy in commerce, it is 
inevitable that warehousing and dockage facilities should be 
increased, and rearrangements made regarding transportation, 
insurance and other related matters. A broad and sympathetic 
attitude all around must be initiated as a permanent policy in 
expanding the City's commercial relations at the end of the war. 

There exists a great water-front, with deep-water facilities 
such as are possessed by few harbors in the world, and co-opera- 
tion is being had with related departments of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee relative to taking full advantage of the notably favorable 
situation to keep New York in the front rank of the great 
centers of trade. 

The Committee on Commerce has cognizance of all questions 
relating to the external commerce of the city; that is, external 
commerce as differentiated from wholesale industries. This 
involves important problems of trade, not alone with foreign 
nations and national dependencies, but even between the States 
of the Union. It has long been recognized that a certain pro- 
portion of the external commerce of the City of New York is 
done at a loss, owing to the cost of rents, lack of terminal fa- 

1692 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

cilities, transportation, high insurance, labor conditions and 
the like. 

REARRANGING HANDLING-WORK 

In this respect, as in so many others, America can take a les- 
son from many of the cities of Europe. These cities have 
arranged that the handling of external commerce takes place 
outside the city limits, and great advantage has resulted. In 
view, however, of the great increase in warehousing facilities 
within the limits of Greater New York, brought about by the 
war, it is likely that better opportunities will be given for 
handling commerce in or near the City. It is believed that by 
taking advantage of the new warehousing and other accom- 
modations brought about by the war, the scattering which 
otherwise would be inevitable may be avoided to a large extent. 
This would materially aid commerce along its present channels 
of operation, but if New York is to maintain its commercial 
supremacy it must of necessity prepare for the greatly increased 
ebb and flow of trade which will inevitably enter this port. 

The general problems connected with the development of the 
port of New York have increased enormously since the out- 
break of war by reason of the tremendous amount of shipping 
which has been passing through New York City and its envi- 
rons. This question affects, not alone Greater New York, but 
the Jersey shore, and reaches even farther. A joint commission 
has been formed to oversee the proportional development of the 
portage facilities surrounding the City as a whole, as it is rec- 
ognized that the commercial possibilities of New York City 
after the war are almost unlimited. 

A survey has been made of the possibilities of a form of free 
trade in connection with the great manufacturing stimulus 
which is already apparent as a result of the war. Hamburg, for 
instance, took its premier position as a German port by carry- 
ing out such an idea. Raw materials come in under bond 
from abroad to be manufactured at Hamburg, and are sent out 
again — oftentimes to the countries whence the raw ma- 
terials came. It is believed that such a plan can be put into 

1:70] 



COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE 



effect, not alone in New York, but in certain other great ports 
of the United States. 

IMPORTATIONS IN BOND 

A DEVELOPMENT of this plan has been proposed as regards the 
importation and sale of goods of foreign manufacture. Recently 
there has been put into effect in this City a great central mart 
which reproduces in a way the idea which has long been effec- 
tive at Nijni Novgorod, Leipsic, Birmingham, and other Euro- 
pean cities in their periodical commercial fairs. 

One finds it almost impossible to visualize or grasp the pos- 
sibilities of New York as the world's greatest port. The ex- 
tended water-front, represented by Manhattan, the Bronx, 
Long Island, Staten Island, and the Jersey shore, offers simply 
tremendous facilities for the development of shipping; but, on 
the other hand. New York has let its shipping go to a large 
extent. In the old days, the seafaring men could look out of 
their windows on the heights in Brooklyn, to their tnree-masters 
and other shipping, lying almost at the foot of their gardens. 
The City then had a sea-loving population which has almost dis- 
appeared as regards the old type that loved to watch the boats 
come and go, flying the American flag to practically every port 
in the world. They were part of the City and its maritime 
possibilities, as pictured in "The Harbor," the novel in which 
Ernest Poole gives an account of old New York and its neigh- 
boring towns in the days of the City's maritime glory. 

LATIN-AMERICAN TRADE 

The attention of progressive business men is increasingly turned 
to the countries of Central and South America. Now that the 
grip of Germany has been removed from those countries, it is 
anticipated that the Allies, and America in especial, will be 
paramount in those great fields. 

Members of the Mayor's Committee who have resided in 
those countries and made an extended study of their conditions 
and traditions, have outlined plans by which America should 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

become paramount in those markets. Co-operation has been 
had with several large official and semi-official organizations 
working towards this end; and important developments in these 
directions are under course of consummation. 

The Committee is encouraging the learning of Spanish by 
young men and women as offering one of the best fields of com- 
mercial advancement at present existing. Plans have been 
under consideration for some time by members of the Mayor's 
Committee for establishing one or more special commissions 
to proceed to Latin-America for an extended study of the new 
conditions arising out of the war. It is recognized that a gen- 
eral reorganization is needed by experts in the way of wholesale 
and other trade developments to form plans by which every 
advantage may be taken of the new conditions brought about 
by peace. 

JUNIOR CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE 

Adapting to New York the plan which has been made effective 
in other cities, attention has been given to the fostering of 
Junior Chambers of Commerce. The efforts thus far made 
in various places have been very successful in the interesting 
of children in commercial and other civic activities. In some 
places, the sons of members of the Chambers of Commerce have 
been conducted on visits through local factories, and as a result 
a Junior Safety Council was hit upon. In one place more than 
five thousand junior members have been enrolled, and these boys 
have made a study in their own original ways from the stand- 
points of personal health, sanitation and civic attractiveness. 
This movement has even grown to such an extent as the starting 
of a "Dandelion Day," to keep down this pest from lawns as 
a community activity. It is obvious that the co-operation of 
school superintendents and others interested in the young is 
a great advantage. The encouragement which the Mayor's 
Committee has given to school gardens and community gardens 
is in line with this general development for encouraging young 
people. 

n723 



COMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC SUPPLIES 

This Committee has cognizance of all matters relating 

to the supply and distribution of all character of 

domestic supplies, including food, fuel, etc., 

etc, throughout New York City. 



James H. Post 
Chairman 

Lewis E. Pierson 
Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Burns, M. F. Runkel, Louis 

Butler, James Ryan, George J. 

JUHRING, J. C. TiLFORD, FrANK 

Luce, Harry J. Ward, George S. 



MEMBERS 



Ambler, A. S. 
Baird, William T. 
Barnicle, John J. 
BODEN, P. B. 
Buckle, John 

Campbell, William Francis 
Cane, George W. 
Cantasano, Vito G. 
Cogswell, George E. 
Collins, Barnett C. 
CoNRON, Joseph 
Cunningham, Edgar F. 
Day, Jonathan C. 
Donovan, Jerome F. 
Droste, Charles F. 
Egan, Joseph L. 
Ferguson, James R. 
GuLicK, Archibald A. 
Howard, James A. 
Hubbard, S. T. 



Judge, John C. 
Lies, J. W. 

LiPPMANN, L. J. 

Meehan, Thomas J. 
Merrall, Walter H. 
Miller, Cyrus C. 
Montgomery, J. M. 
MuNRo, James J. 
Nix, John W. 
O'Keeffe, J. J. 
RowE, George H. 
Steel, George E. 
Steinhardt, Jos. H. 
Storm, Frederic 
Story, Elmer G. 
TiERNAN, Judge J. Harry 
Webber, Richard 
Wiggin, Albert H. 
Williams, Arthur 
Zahn, Henry 



COMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC SUPPLIES 

CITY COMMISSIONS 

DOMESTIC supplies involve food, coal, ice, and in fact all 
the necessary supplies. In a great city like New York, the 
question of maintaining domestic supplies, in order that there 
shall not be very considerable variations in price, is one of ex- 
treme difficulty. 

Cities very much smaller in size in Europe have had com- 
missions that worked on this subject for the past twenty years ; 
much has been done and much remains to be done. 

If the population of New York continues to increase at the 
rate at which it has increased, the present facilities will be found 
to be entirely inadequate, and great changes must take place. 
The population probably will increase and very soon. Last 
winter's shortage in coal is a warning of what might conceivably 
be expected in all classes of supplies handled in large quantities, 
and the matter should receive attention. 



PROTECTING THE CONSUMER 

One of the first duties this Committee was called upon to per- 
form came through a letter written on April 24, 19 18, by the 
Mayor to the Chairman of the Mayor's Committee on National 
Defense and referred by him to the Committee on Domestic 
Supplies. The text of the letter was as follows : 

The Federal Fuel Administrators have warned us that there is an- 
other fuel shortage awaiting us, and it seems to me that your Com- 
mittee can render no greater patriotic service than to devote itself to 
preventing distress from that cause to the direct and indirect depend- 
ents of those who will be under arms in the service of their country. 

n75: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

There are many thousands of families in New York who have not 
and who will not have the money or storage facilities to make ad- 
vance provision against a probable coal famine next winter. Real- 
izing this, it is our duty to act for them so far as we can. I, there- 
fore, designate your Committee to undertake, in co-operation with the 
Department of Markets, this humane task, i.e., the purchase and 
storage of coal for sale to the poor of New York next winter. 

Although the newly created Department of Markets has the author- 
ity to employ the city's credit for such a purpose, it is not possible for 
them at this time to handle the matter without co-operation, as, in 
addition to other duties, they are concentrating what available ma- 
chinery they have on the ice question — the supply for the poor this 
coming summer. 

The City Chamberlain will be my representative in procuring such 
co-operation as may be necessary and possible on the part of the 
banking interests of the city to assist in financing this undertaking, if 
city funds cannot be made immediately available for this purpose. 

An organization known as the Greater New York Retail Coal Deal- 
ers Association, claiming a membership of 3000 coal peddlers and 
asserting that it is the largest medium of distribution to the very poor 
of New York, has also pledged its co-operation. 

During the months of December, January, and February the aver- 
age consumption of "peddler" coal, that is, coal sold in very small 
quantities, i.e., up to 100 lbs., is about 25,000 tons per week. Not less 
than 300,000 tons of this kind of coal should be bought and stored 
this summer, beginning at once. 

Please, therefore, select an efficient and sympathetic sub-committee, 
each member of which must realize the serious responsibility resting 
upon him, to take complete charge of this matter. 



300,000 TONS OF COAL 

The Executive Committee on Domestic Supplies imrnediately 
took up this suggestion and a meeting was held, at which it was 
deemed advisable to augment the deliberations by a special 
committee of coal dealers. Three were appointed from each 
borough. Details were carefully arranged and a full meeting 
of the Committee on Domestic Supplies with this special com- 
mittee on the coal trade of the various boroughs was held at the 
City Hall on May 28, 19 18. Co-operating through the Com- 
missioner of Markets, negotiations were entered into imme- 
diately for the securing of 300,000 tons of peddler coal direct 
from the mines. Contracts were confirmed at a subsequent 

1:763 



COMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC SUPPLIES 



meeting held at the City Chamberlain's office at which arrange- 
ments were made with the coal committee. To finance this 
purchase, the delivery of the coal to be made under authority 
of the city's Department of Markets to the coal dealers was 
equitably apportioned as to the different boroughs. Negotia- 
tions were entered upon for securing 300,000 tons more of this 
kind of coal. 

Work is now under way in planning a special campaign for 
coal conservation, intended to bring home to the public the 
necessity as well as the means of fuel conservation. An inter- 
esting program is being worked out for the holding of a public 
meeting at an early date, with prominent speakers and mechani- 
cal engineers, who can discuss the various phases of fuel 
conservation and the methods advised by the State Fuel Ad- 
ministrator. Particular emphasis is being placed upon the 
elimination of waste, which it is hoped will be avoided by the 
issuance of restrictive orders as to the use and consumption of 
fuel. 

THE ABSORBING FOOD PROBLEM 

Many attempts have been made by the municipal government 
to determine the amount or regulate the supply and distribu- 
tion of food within the city limits. The food problem is now 
absorbing a large part of the attention of this Committee. Va- 
rious reports and the result of investigations that have been 
undertaken concerning food supplies, milk, and the like, are 
being discussed and representatives from the city and State 
Bureaus of Markets have attended the meetings of the Com- 
mittee and spoken on various problems confronting their de- 
partments. This has led to a study of the question of obtaining 
proper supplies, housing and distributing them, profiteering in 
food, its sanitary inspection, etc. Even a question of the break- 
age of eggs in shipping and the methods taken to remedy this 
are problems now under consideration. 

One interesting suggestion that was submitted to the Com- 
mittee had to do with the investigation of domestic supplies as 
extended to hospital and charitable service, as well as such 

1:773 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

emergency service as might be needed in case of disaster. The 
calamity that recently occurred in Halifax has brought clearly 
to the foreground the fact that the first requirement following 
disaster of that kind is food. It has been said that many of the 
European governments provide in advance for such contin- 
gencies and are always ready to meet unusual demands which 
might be made. This Committee has been asked to take into 
consideration that preparedness along the lines thus indicated is 
an essential growing out of the war itself, and is now receiving 
careful and serious attention. 

FOOD ZONING 

Plans were under way and are now being carried out through 
another department for the compilation of maps of the metro- 
politan food distributing zones within a thirty-mile radius, in- 
dicating the various features that will help the study of these 
particular problems and take care of the plans of overcharging 
and unequal distribution should it become necessary at any 
time to ration the people as a war measure. 

Plans are under way also for the formation of consumers' 
organizations, which might assist in working out methods of 
rationing the people and the adoption of such regulations as 
would be needed towards its proper enforcement, should this 
become necessary at any time in helping to win the war. 



1:783 



COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT AND 
RECEPTION 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating 
to the reception of all public, private and distin- 
guished guests at all entertainments given 
in New York City under the auspices 
of the Mayor's Committee on 
National Defense. 



Rodman Wanamaker 
Chairman 

Charles B. Alexander 
Vice-Chairman 

executive committee 

Benjamin, George H. MacDonald, George 

Grey, Henry C. Morgan, William Fellowes 

Johnson, Alfred J. Whalen, Grover 

KuNZ, George F. Winthrop, Henry Rogers 



MEMBERS 



Amory, Copley 
Atterbury, Grosvenor 
Ball, Ancel H. 
Baker, Geo. F., Jr. 
Bartlett, Paul W. 
Beck, James M. 
Bell, Gordon Knox 
Berolsheimer, Philip 
Bishop, Dr. Ernest S. 
BoLDT, Geo. C. 
Bowman, John McE. 
Butler, Nicholas Murray 
Clover, Rev. George F. 

COTILLO, SaLVATORE 

Crowninshield, Frank 
Cutting, R. Fulton 
Demorest, Wm. Curtiss 
Dike, Judge Norman S. 
Dillingham, C. B. 
duPont, Coleman 
Erlanger, Abraham 
Fairchild, S. W. 
Flagg, Ernest 
Franklin, P. A. S. 
Friedsam, Michael 



Green, Thos. D. 
Gunnison, Herbert F. 
Karriss, John A. 
Harvey, George 
Hayman. Alf. 
Ingraham, Phoenix 
Lavelle, Rt. Rev. Mgr. J. 
McCarthy, Thos. D. 
McClure, S. S. 
MiLBURN, John G. 
Mitchell, William 
Mokarzel, N. a. 
Murphy, Charles E. 
Ochs, Adolph S. 
O'Flaherty, James 
Porter, Gen. Horace 
Satterlee, Herbert L. 
ScHOLZ, Emil M. 
Seligman, Henry 
Sherrill, Gen. Charles H. 
Sloane, John 
SoMERS, Arthur S. 
Thorne, John G. 
Wise, Rabbi Stephen S. 



COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT AND 
RECEPTION 

39) 

THE FREEDOM OF THE CITY 

THE City of New York as such does not have the funds or 
facilities for rendering civic entertainment which its 
officials oftentimes would wish to tender to distinguished visi- 
tors. It therefore remained for such a body as the Mayor's 
Committee to plan for and carry through such hospitable ar- 
rangements as the needs of a given occasion seem to require. 
Whether it be a royal personage landing in America; a dis- 
tinguished member of the Diplomatic Corps; an Army or Naval 
official with his staff coming from abroad in the Allied cause, 
or an unofficial personage of repute, the Mayor's Committee 
endeavors to meet the occasion in an appropriate manner. 
Sometimes private hospitalities are extended by individual 
members of the Committee at leading clubs and by other means; 
but the occasion is fairly frequent where the Committee acts as 
a whole in extending the freedom of the City to such visitors. 

In carrying out such a program the Mayor's Committee draws 
freely upon the experience of its members and entertainment 
experts, who have traveled widely and noted the best forms of 
civic hospitality as dispensed in other countries. An American 
City naturally lacks the historic setting and impressive pomp 
which surround a luncheon at the Guildhall given by a 
British Civic Corporation, or a banquet given by the Lord 
Mayor of London; the brilliant spectacle of a reception at the 
Hotel de Ville in Paris, or the elaborate entertainment given by 
the civic head of Rome, Madrid, or other European cities. But 
in the more democratic spirit of the West, the Mayor's Com- 
mittee endeavors to dispense a free-handed hospitality in the 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

spirit which is distinctive in this newer land, making up in a 
genuine spirit of cordiality what might be lacking from the 
absence of historical settings coming down through thousands 
of years of human history. 

That success comes from these efforts is proved repeatedly 
by the letters and other forms of appreciation which reach the 
Mayor's Committee from those who have enjoyed its hos- 
pitality. Not alone has this special movement of civic enter- 
tainment been developed along the lines of proved success, but 
a tribute has been paid to New York by other cities in their 
seeking to take a lesson from the thing which New York has 
learned to do so well. 

ENTERTAINING NAVAL OFFICERS 

In the recent past there were put into action plans for such a 
series of entertainments to officers and crews of two visiting 
foreign battle-ships as never before had been given under like 
circumstances in the City of New York. A dinner was organ- 
ized at one of the leading hotels, which was attended by nearly 
one thousand of the leading people of New York City. Public 
officials and leading professional and business men promptly 
entered into the spirit of the occasion, and a notable triumph in 
international courtesy was registered under the difficult circum- 
stances of war time and its pressing preoccupations. 

These naval officers were entertained for more than a month 
with an almost unceasing round of private dinners, luncheons, 
theater parties, cruises on the official yacht of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee, week-end and other visits to the country houses of the 
members of the Committee, visits to, naval training stations 
and other centers of war activity, and to like places of interest, 
for which in the ordinary way both time and facilities had been 
lacking. A fleet of motor-cars with uniformed drivers was 
always at the disposal of these officers. 

In like manner, large numbers of the crews were entertained 
by special parties arranged for them at popular places of resort. 

When these officers and men came to leave New York they 

182-2 



COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT AND RECEPTION 

apparently carried away with them not alone cordial impres- 
sions of the New York kind of hospitality, but they gave many 
evidences of taking with them the memories of enduring per- 
sonal friendships. It is in this spirit that the Committee on 
Entertainment endeavors to work out its generous program of 
social activities. 

COUNTRY-WIDE ACTIVITIES 

Madison Square Garden was engaged by the Committee on 
another occasion, and an elaborate entertainment was carried 
through for a unit of the overseas American forces. 

Co-operation has been had with the observance of the various 
Allies' Days, and other exceptional features affecting foreign so- 
cial interests have been carried through with marked success. 

Courtesies in connection with the inspection of the industrial 
life of America have been extended to various foreign visitors, 
whose arrangements have been placed in the hands of the 
Mayor's Committee and successfully executed. 

The Committee originates plans of every nature for adding 
to the pleasure and profit of visitors to the City. 

Through the Committee on Associated Cities further activi- 
ties are spread through the country in the case of a distinguished 
visitor making a continental tour. The Committee on Enter- 
tainment and Reception actively supports the Federal Govern- 
ment as regards any expressed desire for special attentions to 
be shown to visiting foreign officials or others coming to Amer- 
ica, as this is the only body which possesses the requisite facili- 
ties for the purpose. 

The Bureau of Transportation assists the other departments 
of the Committee by the use of motor-cars placed freely at the 
disposal of visitors. Also, the hospitality of leading clubs is 
freely extended to these guests of the New York public during 
their stay. 

Altogether, the effort is that the stranger coming to these 
shores shall take away with him a memory that he was cor- 
dially and sincerely welcomed to New York and other places. 



COMMITTEE ON LABOR 

This Committee has supervision of all questions relating 

to labor, distribution of labor, wages, settlement of 

strikes, and kindred subjects. 



George Gordon Battle 
Chairman 

Charles J. Kelley 
Vice-Chairman 



executive committee 

Allen, Ethan Pagan, Lawrence J. 

Brady, Peter J. Flynn, William J. 

CoRTELYou, George B. Foster, Warren W. 

Elkus, Abraham I. Jasper, William H. 



MEMBERS 



Adams, J. Warren 
Albee, E. F. 
Apy, Martin B. 
AuDiTORE, James 
Barber, Donn 
Barnes, Charles B. 
Bassett, Edward M. 
Castagnetta, Louis 
Chamberlin, Egbert 
Clonin, James E. 
Coleman, Judge Chas. W. 
CooNEY, John J. 
Davidson, W. J. 
Delafield, Col. John Ross 
Farrell, Rev. William B. 
Gude, O. J. 
Healy, Jerome F. 
Kamaiky, Leon S. 
Kehaya, Ery 
Larkin, William P. 
Lavelle, Rt. Rev. Mgr. J. 
Leahy, David T. 
Levy, Rev. Clifton H. 
Levy, Hon. Ferdinand 
Lewisohn, Adolph 



Lindsay, John D. 
Longfellow, Frederick W. 
LOREE, L. F. 
McAdoo, Judge Wm. 
McCall, Edward E. 
McClement, J. H. 
McCombs, W. F. 
Pasvolsky, Leo 
Rand, R. L. 
Regan, Thomas 
Reisner, Rev. Christian M. 
Riehle, John M. 
Riley, John F. 
RiTTER, E. P. V. 
Ryan, Allan A. 
Sampers, L H. 
Snyder, E. I. 
Searing, F. F. 
Seavey, James Arthur 
Shearn, Judge Clarence J. 
Schieffelin, John Jay 
Shonts, Theodore P. 
Shuster, W. Morgan 
Sigel, Franz 



COMMITTEE ON LABOR 

READJUSTMENTS FOR PEACE TIMES 

HIT or miss methods in dealing with the complex problems 
of capital and labor must be replaced with a scientific 
treatment in the great work of readjustment soon to face the 
country. The vital question of the readjustment of war-time 
labor to peace-time conditions is engaging the attention of this 
Committee. Included with this general subject is the assurance 
of sufficient and sanitary housing conditions in Greater New 
York, to which center labor will naturally gravitate when an 
overplus is apparent in the industries which now are working 
under such great pressure elsewhere. 

The equitable distribution of labor over the country will, 
it is anticipated, be well in hand shortly; and special attention 
is being paid to the necessity of stimulating government and 
municipal work, which during the war has been of necessity 
largely lying dormant. Readjustment of the rates of labor, set- 
tlement of disputes and the creation of labor tribunals of ad- 
justment until the industrial unit is settled again to the ordi- 
nary work of the world, are things which are being intelligently 
anticipated in the desire to insure a sincere and equitable hand- 
ling of these vital needs. 

It is realized that socialism and discontent are largely the 
result of the labor unrest arising from inexpert treatment of the 
industrial classes, and that the satisfactory solution of the 
proper dilution and distribution of labor will once more get 
the wheels of industry into full and harmonious motion. 

A new sentiment of industrial peace and consequent pros- 
perity represents the program of the Committee on Labor, which 
it is planned shall go forward in the winning of the victories of 
peace by the co-operation of capital and labor, which has worked 
in so notable a harmony during the progress of the war. A 
scientific study is being made of living and wage conditions 
so that labor agitators may be met on their own ground. En- 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

couragement is being given to the international solidarity of 
industry as a matter of mutual benefit to the United States and 
its Allies in the interchange of the industrial forces for the 
gigantic rehabilitation necessary to undo the wreckage of war. 
Scientific adjustment of national and international questions 
affecting the labor classes, through the activities of the labor 
unions and other forces directly interested, is the means which 
is being taken for combating the outburst of socialism which 
otherwise might arise. 

Cognizance is being had of the way in which labor has gen- 
erally adjusted itself so admirably to the needs and call of the 
nation during the war, labor being sought after as at no other 
time since the foundation of the republic. 

The Mayor's Committee, being a quasi-governmental bureau, 
has greatly assisted in fitting the individual laborer to his field, 
and with its openly expressed sympathy with the best ideals of 
labor, this department of the Committee has been privileged to 
render definite service towards the winning of the war. 

LESSONS FROM EUROPE 

It is realized that at the close of the war this Committee has 
one of the most serious of economic problems to face, in adjust- 
ing the returned soldiers and sailors to proper conditions in the 
country for whose sake they have made such sacrifices. This 
readjustment has been carefully studied in European countries 
by members of the Mayor's Committee, and there will be freely 
drawn upon the experience of those countries which have so 
wisely met these problems during the progress of hostilities. 

It has been noted on the part of official agencies generally, 
that conditions have been created where one industry became 
so much more attractive to labor than others that the less at- 
tractive industries were deserted to such an extent that their 
utter destruction was threatened. The aim is to establish a 
plane of labor prices that will put all essential industries virtu- 
ally on an equal basis, thus preventing the robbing of one at 
the expense of another. 

n883 



COMMITTEE ON LABOR 



Inquiries have been made of late as to labor policies after 
the war. Capital has apparently become apprehensive as to 
its ability to comply with some of the awards which have been 
made in industries mainly supported by government war 
activity. It has been stated privately by some of the men now 
most powerful in determining labor policies that there is no 
likelihood whatever of reduction in wages following recent 
awards to railroad and electric car employees, and the same pos- 
sibility holds regarding other industries. 

UNIFIED INDUSTRIAL CONTROL 

The consensus of opinion on the part of national labor-adjust- 
ing agencies appears to be unanimous in its determination that 
while the standards governing wage decisions in individual in- 
dustries cannot be accepted as controlling factors for other 
industries, still "there must be a certain unified control of such 
decisions in the interests of wise national policy." 

A body of labor law is steadily being built up which is cer- 
tain to be used as a precedent after the war. For instance, 
it is known that the Government is seriously considering the 
question of wage conditions for sailors, since it is imperative 
that the service in the new merchant marine be made as attrac- 
tive as possible after the war. 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating to 
labor in the City of New York, and as far as may be by agree- 
ment with surrounding cities within a zone of two hundred 
miles of New York. It was long ago recognized that after the 
war there would likely be an immense influx of labor, not alone 
by reason of returning members of the army and navy, but by 
immigration from various countries. The endeavor is to pre- 
vent the cause of labor disturbances, due not only to the de- 
mands of labor unions, but by reason of living and other con- 
ditions experienced by non-union labor. 

It is anticipated that the population of the City will be con- 
siderably increased, and that consequently there will be a lack 
of housing and other facilities. There naturally will, in the 

1:893 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

course of time, be a diminution in wages without a correspond- 
ing lessening, probably, in the cost of living. 



PREVENTING EXTORTION 

The prevention of extortion in the prices charged for the neces- 
saries of life is therefore a subject which has been under care- 
ful investigation by the related branches of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee, and definite steps have been taken to assure that the 
industrial classes are not penalized on this account. 

A threefold purpose may briefly define the object of this 
Committee. This purpose as originally stated was: 

1. To co-ordinate existing employment bureaus so that they 

would meet more perfectly the special demands in the 
carrying out of the war. 

2. To assist in maintaining standards of health and efliciency 
among wage-earners. 

3. To aid in the work of industrial readjustment after the 
war, the conciliation of labor and its employment to the 
best advantage. 

Co-ordination of employment agencies in New York City was 
almost immediately successful, and the advantages of such a 
move were soon evident by a transfer of the surplus calls on 
one bureau to the surplus applicants of another. The clientele 
of all co-operating agencies were made available at once both to 
employers and applicants. The public was quick to recognize 
the advantages of such a centralized and adequate clearing 
house. 

With the abnormal wage conditions brought on by the war, 
the problem of the maintenance of labor is assuming an im- 
portance of first magnitude in industrial and manufacturing 
circles. Among the methods for increasing the efficiency of 
employees and consequently lessening the problem of industrial 
misfits which ordinarily exists, careful study is being given 
to such subjects as the health of employees, hygiene and sani- 
tary equipment, the movement for increased safety, financial 



COMMITTEE ON LABOR 



advice, practical assistance for employees, athletics and recrea- 
tion, Americanization and citizenship, etc. 

There appears to be a definite movement towards co-operation 
among the industrial classes of America, following the example 
of the great industrial organizations in Belgium, France, Ger- 
many and the British Isles, as well as Japan and other lands. 
The most highly developed movement thus far is operating in 
Great Britain, and it is estimated that about one-third of the 
entire population of England is supplied from the co-operative 
stores, which do a business computed at about $600,000,000 
annually. It is estimated that there are about three millions 
of co-operators. 

The co-operative societies have heretofore eschewed political 
activities, but it would seem that British co-operators will here- 
after be a definite factor in politics if the watchword from the 
last British Trade Union Congress can be believed — "Every 
trade unionist a co-operator, and every co-operator a trade 
unionist." 

LABOR IN POLITICS 

Another movement of even greater significance, which is mani- 
fest among industrial classes of the European countries engaged 
in war, is the self-determination of the various labor parties. 
All restrictions are being let down and the doors are thrown 
open virtually to all comers. The revival of British labor in- 
terest now aims to include all workers with hand or brain; in 
other words, the creators as opposed to non-producers. It 
would be futile at present to attempt even a prediction of what 
will be the future development of American industry in this 
direction. Reconstruction at the close of the war is already 
bringing to a culmination many tendencies as yet hardly real- 
ized and only dimly felt. The social crises which inevitably 
will develop from great upheavals are still prospective. Students 
of practical sociology are, however, looking ahead, and further 
developments abroad will be watched with great interest for 
their possible efi'ect in America. 

The attitude of the Mayor's Committee is one of sympathy 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

towards every just demand of labor, and consequently its aim 
is to foster a patriotic attitude of labor towards the true in- 
terests of capital. In approaching this involved subject, the 
Committee has a practical record from having greatly aided in 
the successful placing of labor in ship-building, munition and 
other industries, to the mutual satisfaction of employees and 
employer alike. The effort will be to carry out in peace times 
what has been accomplished with such conspicuous success dur- 
ing the intricate years of war. 

CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION 

The after-war problems of labor are points which are having 
close attention on the part of the Mayor's Committee. It is 
realized that, as stated, a new form of labor question will arise 
from the number of maimed coming back from the land 
and sea forces to take up again the means of livelihood in 
America. The desire is to stimulate the wounded soldiers and 
sailors to a productivity adapted to their new powers, and that 
there shall be carried through a scientific assimilation of all 
such labor for the new industries which inevitably will arise 
under these new conditions. 

Additional machinery for conciliation and arbitration must 
inevitably be set up. The Mayor's Committee has long planned 
for rendering useful service in meeting the disputes which natu- 
rally will arise when the time for readjustment of industrial 
conditions appears. It is realized that conditions of peace will 
produce an unavoidable unrest until such time as industry in 
the various parts of the country has settled down to its ordinary 
course. The avoidance of overcrowding of New York City 
and the absorption by other parts of the country of the return- 
ing soldiers and sailors is a matter on which the opinion of rec- 
ognized industrial experts has been sought, so that the man 
returning from the excitement of foreign warfare may as soon 
as possible settle down to the ordinary ways of peace. The 
psychology of peace adjustment is a problem which the Com- 
mittee has anticipated and believes it can successfully meet. 

19^1 



COMMITTEE ON LAW 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions involv- 
ing the legal rights and privileges of the citizens 
or residents of the City of New York, both 
real and personal, as also of the property 
of the City of New York as affected 
by and growing out of present 
and future war conditions, 
and which may properly 
be referred to the 
Committee. 



Henry R. Hoyt 

Chairman 

Phoenix Ingraham 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Battle, George Gordon Leventritt, David 

CouDERT, Frederic R. Murray, J. Archibald 

Davis, Gherardi Pierce, Henry H. 

Dykman, Col. Wm. N. Smyth, Herbert C. 



MEMBERS 



Ballard, Sumner 
Black, William Harman 
Blandy, Charles 
Bryan, Benj. B. 
Burr, William P. 
Butler, William Allen 
Carpenter, Charles K. 
Cleary, James C. 
Cleland, Henry 
Cohen, William N. 
Degnon, Michael 

DiTTENHOEFER, IrVING M. 

Ernst, Morris L. 
Flagg, Ernest 
Foster, Roger 
Foster, Judge Warren W. 
GiBBS, Judge Louis D. 
Hall, Ernest 
Hawkes, McDougall 
HiNE, Francis L. 



Hirsch, Nathan 
Horowitz, Louis J. 
Hunt, Leavitt J. 
Martin, Francis 
Minor, Charles F. 
Mitchell, William 
Moran, John F. 
Murphy, Judge Daniel F. 
O'Brien, Morgan J. 
Olyphant, Robert 
O'Reilly, Thomas J. 
Satterlee, Herbert L. 
Shearn, Judge Clarence J. 
Sheffield, James R. 
Sterling, Louis V. 
Stetson, Francis Lynde 
Triest, W. G. 
Untermyer, Samuel 
Winthrop, Bronson 



COMMITTEE ON LAW 

CITY AND NATIONAL INTERESTS 

INROADS of war and the drastic regulations promulgated by 
some of the Federal Government Bureaus have given this 
department of the Mayor's Committee duties of especial im- 
portance. There are so many large legal problems affecting 
the City and its interests by reason of the abnormal state of 
affairs for the past several years that the services of the Com- 
mittee on Law have been constantly called upon, and quite as 
freely given. 

The attitude of the Committee has been one of friendly con- 
tention for upholding the constitutional rights of the City, but 
at the same time giving full and whole-hearted support to the 
Federal war program, while endeavoring always to protect the 
legitimate commercial life of the community. 

An illustration of the cordial spirit of helpfulness which has 
been shown continually is indicated by the relationship which 
the Mayor's Committee, as a whole, working through its com- 
ponent sections, has shown towards the requirements of the 
War Industries Board at Washington. A number of proposals 
have been presented from that source which called to their full 
limit for exercise of the sentiments of patriotism ; but in every 
case it has been possible to satisfy the demands of the Federal 
authorities, and at the same time prove to the interests con- 
cerned in New York City that great vigilance is exercised on 
their behalf. 

The large official legal departments of the City have done 
excellent work under the trying circumstances of war; but, as is 
natural, there were a number of features of war work for which 
no adequate machinery was found to exist. The appeals which 

n95n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

reached the Mayor's Committee for additional help from time 
to time never were made in vain. If facilities did not exist, 
they were created practically over-night, in some instances, and 
there was continual proof of the capability and adaptiveness of 
the Mayor's Committee under such circumstances. 



PROTECTING THE FOREIGN-BORN 

A WORK of personal, as well as professional, interest was taken 
up by a number of leading attorneys of the City, who responded 
promptly to the appeal made by the Mayor's Committee to 
look after the draftees as to naturalization laws, etc. A study 
of the naturalization laws was at once made by competent legal 
authorities, so that the foreign-born element of the population 
particularly could be promptly informed as to their rights as 
well as to their responsibilities. This useful form of service 
worked in well with the interests of the Committees on Nation- 
alism, Loyalty, Civic Problems, and other specialized depart- 
ments of the general committee operating from the Hall of 
Records. 

The problem was one of special complexity, by reason of the 
Port of New York being the greatest debarkation point in the 
world for immigrants. 

In hundreds, if not indeed thousands, of instances, guidance 
has been given to patriotic aliens who wished to have a part 
in the war, by suggesting means for their promptly acquiring 
full citizenship, and further suggestions to the authorities for 
facilitating the issuance of the necessary naturalization papers. 

At the same time care was exercised that undesirables should 
be kept out of the army and navy by the application of the 
fundamental and basic principles of exclusion for those who 
were considered unready or unworthy of exercising the franchise 
of American citizenship. The whole subject was scientifically 
treated, with the double thought in mind of winning the war 
and of building up a discerning American citizenship. 

Commanding as it does the voluntary services of some of the 

n963 



COMMITTEE ON LAW 



leading lawyers of New York City, it was but natural that sug- 
gested legislation should be presented by members of this Com- 
mittee from time to time. This legislation was in turn put into 
form and laid before the proper legislative authorities at Al- 
bany. As a result, during the present session of the Legislature 
some useful advancement has been registered for the benefit of 
the commonwealth. 

In a local way legislation has also been introduced or advised 
upon by the Committee on Law, either acting as a whole or 
through individual members of the legal profession from among 
the personnel of the Mayor's Committee. A useful proposal 
affecting the civic life of the City during the war was heard by 
the Committee on General Welfare of the Board of Aldermen 
in connection with the attention which had been brought to 
the matter of juvenile delinquency. After a number of con- 
ferences of representative workers in practical sociology had 
been held at the Children's Court, an ordinance was drafted 
covering the matter of better supervision of children and young 
people by their parents and guardians, which ordinance is now 
pending before the Board of Aldermen. 



HELPING THE FAMILIES 

A NUMBER of other pieces of local. State or Federal legislation, 
as affecting the welfare of the City as a whole, have been given 
serious consideration, and these proposals are likely to take 
concrete form in the not distant future. 

Close co-operation has been had with the Legal Advisory 
Board. Service of unusual value has been rendered by lawyers 
who have labored as volunteer workers in passing upon and 
adjusting the many legal entanglements which naturally have 
arisen as regards property rights of men who are serving on 
sea or on land, or in other directions through circumstances 
arising from the war. A similar, and not less humane, work 
has been rendered by legal advice of the highest order, given 
freely and sympathetically, to the families of those who are serv- 

1:973 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

ing at the front. In the case of the Committee on Law, as in 
those of other sections of the Mayor's Committee, acknowledg- 
ment is hereby made of the sincere and generous labors which 
have been given in hundreds of instances by men who were 
already overburdened with professional and personal responsi- 
bilities. 

A large number of the members of the Mayor's Committee 
have worked unremittingly for months on Local Draft Boards, 
coming into touch with the most intimate life of the people in 
the City; and the discerning advice which has been given in 
multitudes of cases was such that in the ordinary way had com- 
manded the highest legal fees. Many a member of the Com- 
mittee has gone quite outside of his official duties by rendering 
services of personal kindness, and has given also that human 
and sympathetic touch which is so greatly needed in times of 
personal stress and family affliction. 

On the other hand, invaluable work has been rendered in 
connection with the Bureau of Investigation of the Mayor's 
Committee. As is natural, there has always been a proportion 
of malingerers and others who, either in evading, or endeavoring 
to elude the draft, or making false representations, tried to 
evade duty to their country and to the Allied cause. Such cases 
were dealt with promptly and effectively. 

It is obvious that in the period of rehabilitation following 
the war, the continued services of the Committee on Law must 
be freely called upon. 

AN ADVISORY BODY 

This important section of the Mayor's Committee must of ne- 
cessity continue to operate, mostly, in an advisory capacity. 
While it is co-operating with the other committees and has 
served in an important capacity to many of them, a good deal 
of its work necessarily is of a confidential nature. 

Many legal questions have arisen, and will continue to arise, 
which are demanding the attention of this Committee. It is 
hardly possible to state all of these questions, but some that 



COMMITTEE ON LAW 



have arisen up to the present time relate to the following 
matters: 

1 . The right of the Federal Government to condemn property 
required for municipal purposes. 

2. The right of the Government to deprive the City of the 
tax income previously derived from property taken over by the 
Government for war purposes. 

3. The liability of insurance companies for damages result- 
ing from fire and explosion losses due to acts of war or acts of 
alien enemies. 

4. The liability of insurance companies and casualty com- 
panies for personal injuries and damages due to acts of war 
and of alien enemies. 

5. The rights and liabilities of individuals growing out of the 
national draft and military service* laws. 

6. The rights and liabilities growing out of the national. 
State, and municipal taxation laws as affected by war condi- 
tions. 

7. The rights and liabilities of individuals, firms, and corpo- 
rations as affected by losses due to enemy war measures, acts of 
aliens, or growing out of riots or other disturbances. 

8. The rights and liabilities of citizens or residents growing 
out of so-called espionage laws. 

9. The rights and liabilities of soldiers or families of soldiers 
in the military service of the national, State, or municipal gov- 
ernment, or other organizations affiliated as a guard for military 
purposes and growing out of war conditions. 

CIVIC READJUSTMENT 

In these the Committee on Law is actively co-operating with 
the War Committee of the Bar of the City of New York, and 
many of its lawyers have been specifically assigned to special 
matters from that Committee. Various communications have 
been received from other departments of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee regarding the legality of certain matters pertaining to 

11993 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

their work. These are referred to the Committee on Law for 
answer. Special investigations have been held by some of the 
committees to which the Committee on Law has furnished legal 
assistance. 

In the many and complex questions which will inevitably fol- 
low upon the close of the war, the Committee on Law will un- 
doubtedly continue to be the medium where the questions of 
civic readjustment will receive full consideration. 



CiooH 



COMMITTEE ON LOYALTY 

This Committee has general supervision of efforts to arouse a deeper 

and more active spirit and a better understanding of loyalty in 

the citizens of the City of New York, native and foreign 

born, as a spiritual, moral and material defense of 

the City and Nation and an inspiration to the 

people of the United States. 



Rodman Wanamaker 
Chairman 

A. D. Juilliard 

Vice-Chairman 

Joseph H. Appel 
Executive Chairman 



executive COMMITTEE 

Alexander, Charles B. Hedges, Job E. 

Babcock, Woodward MacDonald, George 

Baker, George F., Jr. Morgan, Wm. Fellowes 

Delafield, Richard Peabody, Charles A. 

Dodge, Cleveland H. Taft, Henry W. 

Foster, Frederic de Peyster Tams, J. Frederick 



MEMBERS 



Abbott, Lawrence F. 
Adamson, Robert 
Anderson, Ellery 0. 
Barsotti, Carlo 
Barton, Bruce 
Beard, Daniel C. 
Beck, James M. 
Boomer, L. M. 
Brainard, Clinton T. 
Buckley, George D. 
Butler, Edmond J. 
Cadman, Rev. S. Parkes 
CoE, Franklin 
Collier, Robert J. 
Collins, Frederick L. 
Cook, George E. 
Cook, John W. 
CoRTELYOu, George B. 
Crowninshield, Frank 
Damon, Col. Alexander M. 
Day, William A. 
Dillingham, C. B. 
Dingwall, Adam 
Dryden, Forrest F. 
DuFFiELD, Rev. Howard 
Dunn, Robert R. 
Ely, Robert Erskine 
Farrell, Rev. William B. 
Flaherty, Frank B. 
Franklin, P. A. S. 
Friedkin, Israel 
Frost, John F. 
Frugone, Frank L. 
Gannon, Thomas F. 
Gibson, Harvey D. 
Gunnison, Herbert F. 
Harman, John N. 
Harriss, Dr. John A. 
Harvey, George 
Hawley, Alan R. 
Hogan, Edward J. 
Houston, Herbert S. 
Howland, Karl V. S. 
HoYT, Justice F. Chase 
Huntsman, R. F. R. 
JoHANSEN, Charles K. 
Johnson, Alvin 
Johnston, William 
Kamaiky, Leon S. 
Kernochan, Justice Frederick 
KiNGSLEY, Darwin P. 
Krech, Alvin W. 
Lanier, Charles D. 
Larkin, William P. 
Lavelle, Rt. Rev. M. J. 
Lewis, William E. 



Manning, Walter W. 

Marston, Edwin S. 

McAdoo, Chief Magistrate William 

McCarthy, Thomas D. 

McKay, J. A. 

Merrill, Bradford 

Metcalfe, James S. 

Meyer, Paul 

MiLBURN, John G. 

Miles, William A. 

Mitchell, Charles E. 

Mokarzel, N. a. 

Moore, Joseph A. 

Moore, Thomas H. 

MuLLAN, Justice George V. 

Munn, Charles Allen 

MuNSEY, Frank A. 

Na WENCH, Albert M. 

OcHS, Adolph S. 

O'CoNNELL, David J. 

OTlaherty, James 

Opffer, Emil 

Outerbridge, E. H. 

Paley, Herman 

Pasvolsky, Leo 

Perkins, George W. 

Reid, Ogden 

Reisner, Rev. Christian F. 

Richardson, Allan H. 

Robbins, Very Rev. H. C. 

Rogers, Jason 

Rutland, C. 

Ryan, Allan A. 

Sampers, L H. 

ScHOLZ, Emil M. 

Scott, Robert 

Scribner, Charles 

Sherrill, Brig.-Gen. Charles H. 

Shonts, Theodore P. 

Shuster, W. Morgan 

Sleicher, John A. 

Sloane, John 

Somers, Arthur S. 

Talbot, Richmond 

twitchell, h. k. 

Vail, Theodore N. 

Vance, Arthur T. 

Vlasto, Solon S. L 

Weinberg, Morris 

West, James E. 

Whigham, H. J. 

Wiggin, Albert H. 

Wilder, George W. 

Williams, Talcott 

Wise, Rabbi Stephen S. 

Woods, Wm. Seaver 



COMMITTEE ON LOYALTY 

LOYALTY WEEK 

OUR effort is to bring to every resident of Greater New 
York, and especially to our great foreign-born popula- 
tion, the immediate realization that each one must exert some 
influence to show the full meaning of patriotism towards Amer- 
ica at this special time in our national history." Thus read the 
message sent out by this Committee as a prelude to Loyalty 
Week in 191 8. The programme reached in reality up to and 
including the great Independence Day celebration. From the 
Mayor's office there was issued the following: 

PROCLAMATION! 

To all Citizens of the City of New York: 

In response to the petition of a million foreign born citizens of the 
United States the President has given his approval to their plan to 
show their loyalty to the country by celebrations on Independence 
Day, and calls upon his fellow citizens to make this day "in the year 
when all the principles to which we stand pledged are on trial, the 
most significant in our national history, celebrating the birth of a 
new and greater spirit of democracy." 

In New York City the Special Committee on Loyalty of the 
Mayor's Committee on National Defense has suggested that leading 
up to this celebration on Independence Day our entire citizenship, 
both native and foreign born, dedicate itself in advance to the sacred 
cause of welding together our mixed population into a unified Ameri- 
can citizenship so that all of us may have a better understanding of 
what constitutes loyalty in these times of confused thought, misunder- 
stood rights and duties, and new obligations and responsibilities im- 
posed by the war on all citizens of the republic. 

Now, therefore, I, John F. Hylan, Mayor of the City of New York, 
do request that beginning on Flag Day, June 14, the citizens of this 

L103II 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

city solemnly pledge themselves anew in loyalty to their homes, their 
churches, their work, their city, and their country, and dedicate them- 
selves to winning the victory that must come to America and her 
Allies by the clear understanding of principles our forefathers fought 
for and laid down through their blood to give us democracy and 
liberty. 

One flag, one people, one country, must be our slogan. I therefore 
direct that the Stars and Stripes be displayed everywhere in our city 
beginning June 14, and I ask that our citizens give their hearty, ac- 
tive co-operation to the programme of the Loyalty Committee which 
is as follows: 

June 14: Flag Day — Special observance in the schools. 

June 1 5 : Community meetings in the parks with a festival of flowers 
signifying sacrifice and loyalty. 

June 16: Loyalty sermons to be preached in all the churches. 

June 17: Five-minute Loyalty meetings to be held in all places of 
business with speeches or readings from patriotic utterances 
of our Presidents. 

June 18: Newspaper Day, Loyalty editorials in all newspapers. 

June 19: Theatre and Motion Picture Loyalty Day, with loyalty talks 
by the Four-Minute Men. 

June 20: Gatherings and parades in the evening (taking advantage 
of the extra daylight) for drill of the foreign born who ex- 
pect to take part in the celebration on Independence Day. 

June 2 1 : Pledge Day — Beginning the enrollment of Loyalty Guards. 

June 22 to July 4: Continuing the Loyalty propaganda, enrollment of 
Loyalty Guards, and preparations for the special celebra- 
tion on Independence Day. 

July 4: Parade of the foreign born citizens of the City of New York 
as a public pledge to their loyalty to the United States. 

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused 
the seal of the City of New York to be affixed. 

Done in the City of New York, this seventh day of June, in the 
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eighteen. 

(Signed) John F. Hylan. 



By the Mayor: 

Grover a. Whalen, 

Secretary to the Mayor. 

C1043 




COMMITTEE ON LOYALTY 



PULPIT AND PRESS 

Many thousands of copies of this Proclamation, measuring 
22" X 14", were distributed throughout Greater New York by 
the Police Department, and 12,000 copies of the admirable 
pamphlet issued by the Chairman and Executive Chairman of 
the Committee on Loyalty were likewise officially circulated. 
The features of the programme for the week and the period fol- 
lowing were carried through with conspicuous success. 

Every section of the press, both in English and foreign lan- 
guages, gave the campaign for Loyalty such hearty co-opera- 
tion that many columns of free reading matter were given by 
editors of scores of newspapers whose pages already were over- 
crowded with war matter. Never before has the press of the 
metropolis made so generous a contribution to the cause of civic 
betterment. The journalistic influence extended, in fact, far 
beyond the borders of the city, as the leading press associations 
spread news of New York's doings throughout this country and 
to other nations. 

Hundreds of sermons were preached on Loyalty as the result 
of sermonic outlines and other homiletic material which was. 
supplied to the clergy of all denominations. This material in- 
cluded "The Creed of an American," whose key-note was that 
"America's true greatness is greatness of brotherly services to 
all nations." 

A great number of public meetings was held throughout the 
metropolis. One of these on the East Side was attended by 
twenty thousand persons. Large and enthusiastic gatherings 
were the general rule. 

LOYALTY WEEK LUNCHEON 

Launching Loyalty Week, the Chairman gave a luncheon at 
Sherry's to the full Committee and to Mayor Hylan and Rich- 
ard E. Enright, Police Commissioner, and representatives of 
foreign governments in New York City. 

In his brief speech Mr. Rodman Wanamaker said it would 

1:105: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

not be necessary for him to tell the men present what loyalty 
means, for they all knew, and they knew, too, that America is 
in the war to battle for the freedom of the whole world. Speak- 
ing of the Kaiser, he said: 

"So long as there is a stripe or a star on the American flag 
we will strive to push him off the earth." 

Later on a burst of applause came when he said: 

"We've got to find a way into Russia. And when our good 
President finds the way you will see it will be done." 

He spoke of the work ahead for the Committee in arousing the 
loyalty of Americans of foreign birth here, and said : 

"We'll go through as a flying wedge, and we'll find all these 
people of foreign birth and foreign parentage, no matter what 
their hyphenated names may be, and we'll make Americans of 
them. Thank God, I have a boy over there fighting for a 
French grandfather and an American father." 

A MESSAGE FROM RUSSIA 

Mr. Wanamaker's assertion that the United States must find a 
way into Russia was not only received with the hearty approval 
of all at the luncheon, but it evoked a reply later on from Mr. 
Leo Pasvolsky, editor of the Russkoye Slovo, the only member 
of the Loyalty Committee who is of Russian birth. Mr. Pas- 
volsky in his speech said: 

America is the decisive factor in the war for two reasons: First, 
because her prowess of arms insures victory for the Allied cause, and, 
second, because her spirit of democracy insures the establishment of 
justice after the war. 

And the whole democratic world looks to America for leadership, 
stands in undivided loyalty to the cause for which America is fight- 
ing, and, therefore, to America herself. This is particularly true of 
those countries which have already been crushed by the heel of Prus- 
sianism, and especially of Russia. 

MIND AGAINST MIND 
In outlining the purpose of Loyalty Week, Mr. Joseph H. 
Appel, Executive Chairman, said in part: 

Your Loyalty Committee, Mr. Mayor, is appealing both to the 
head and the heart of our citizenship. 



COMMITTEE ON LOYALTY 



There is but one source of righteous power in the world — Infinite 
Mind, whose attributes are truth, love and harmony. This divine 
Mind functions through the human mind. Mind functions through 
Thought. Thought is like electricity, the most constructive and use- 
ful of all forces when rightly directed, the most destructive and deadly 
when it runs amuck or is turned into wrong channels. 

The world war to-day is the conflict between the erring, inverted, 
distorted, powerful mind of the Prussian military autocracy, run 
amuck from God, and the true, real, loyal and even more powerful 
mind of the free people of the Allies seeking to carry out to the best 
of their ability the principles, laws and ideals of God Himself. 

Prussia, by means of its highly developed science, philosophy, 
efficiency and military rule, damnable all in their prostituted uses, has 
built up so powerful a mind and will to conquer the world and impose 
its forms of slavery on other people that it will require the utmost 
resources of the free, true and loyal mind of the world, with the help 
of God, to stop its onward march and destroy forever its sinister 
menace. 

Make no mistake about the issue. On the battle-field the clash is 
between fire and fire, between metal and metal, between man and 
man. In the war councils the contest is one of men, money, guns, 
ships and food. But back of this physical side of war is mind, 
thought. And back of thought is the Spirit of the people. Thought 
conceives. Mind plans. The body executes. But only the Spirit 
sustains. 



THE REAL ISSUE 

The issue is man's distorted mind against the real Mind and Spirit 
of God. We are fighting against the menace of slavery. Yes, against 
slavery more brutal and degrading than any the world has ever 
known: slavery of the body, slavery of the mind, slavery of the heart, 
slavery even of the soul. We are fighting against the blasphemous 
claim of divine right of any man or clique to rule, by birth or by 
sword, over any people with or without their consent. 

We are fighting against the domination and enslavement of small 
nations, seeking to live their lives as autonomous free peoples; against 
the violation of contract and treaty; against dishonor, injustice, in- 
tolerance, atrocity, cruelty and frightfulness. 

We are fighting against the Prince of Error and Evil himself, per- 
sonified in the Prussian Kaiser, the Crown Prince and their military 
caste. 

We are fighting for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness 
through loyal labor, which our immortal Declaration of Independence 
affirmed to be the inalienable right of free people. "The man who 
says we are fighting only for democracy," said Henry P. Davison, 
executive head of the American Red Cross, upon his return from the 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

battle-ground, "does not know what he is talking about. We are 
fighting for our very lives." Yet never shall we save the physical 
lives of ourselves and of our children by selling our mental lives and 
spiritual lives into bondage. 

We are fighting for the freedom of our whole lives — physical, men- 
tal and spiritual. 

We are fighting for the right to live our lives as the Creator and 
not the Kaiser intended they should be lived. 

We are fighting for the right to work and achieve in the comrade- 
ship of loyal co-operative association. 

To-day the world needs above all else the absolute loyalty of every 
man and woman. Industry needs the loyal worker. And stricken 
civilization prays that loyalty to the Great Cause will soon bring 
lasting peace on earth and good will among men. 



100,000 IN PARADE 

Loyalty Week culminated in the Independence Day pageant 
in which more than one hundred thousand people took part, 
representing every race and nationality now resident in New 
York City, a parade that took more than ten hours in the pass- 
ing. 

For the guidance of other communities and as a matter of 
record there is reproduced the Permanent Plan for Loyalty 
Week as adopted by the Executive Committee for the New York 
observance, as follows : 

PURPOSE 

The Committee on Loyalty shall have general supervision of 
all efforts to arouse a deeper, finer, sturdier and more active 
spirit and a better understanding of Loyalty in the citizens and 
residents of the City of New York, native and foreign born, as 
a spiritual, moral and material defense of the city and nation 
and an inspiration to all the people of the United States. 

NEED 

The war is awakening a new and broader conception of Loy- 
alty. It is uniting peoples of many lands in a unity of Loyalty 
for a Cause — a righteous Cause. In the City of New York are 

CioS] 



THE 
MAYORS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



HAS CONFEKHED LPON THE 



AMEHICAN^OF 



OHiGlN 
THIS 

DIPLOMA 

GIVEN BY THE JOAN OF AFC STATUE COMMFTTEE ■ 

AND AWAFDED FOR THEIR NATIONA!. DISPLAY 

IN 

THE FOREIGN BORN PAGEANT PARADE 

INDEPENDENCE DAY , 

U) 1 S 



COMMITTEE ON PAGEANTRY AND 
Q ^HISTORY ^ 

-^-:-.--C.^.V--v~-): 



CHAIRMAN COMMITTEE ON ARTS 
AND DECORATION 



'^ ^' 



OJ 



VA\ OK OF 1 1 



THE MAVOK's COMM 







SPECIMEN DIPLOMA AWARDED TO 
PARTICIPATING NATIONAL GROUPS 



COMMITTEE ON LOYALTY 



people who were born in a large number of foreign countries, 
forming more than one-third of the city's population. An ad- 
ditional large percentage are of immediate foreign ancestry. To 
weld our mixed population into a unified American citizenship, 
the principles of American Loyalty must be explained, taught 
and assimilated through propaganda and education. Even the 
American born, including women voters now added to our citi- 
zenship through suffrage, desire a better understanding of what 
constitutes Loyalty in these times of confused thought, misun- 
derstood rights and duties, and new obligations and responsibil- 
ities imposed by the war on all citizens of the republic. 



PLAN 

Inaugurate unceasing propaganda throughout the city to es- 
tablish the fundamental principles and elements of Loyalty: 

1. Loyalty to city. State and country, to inspire patriotism 
and preserve the free institutions of democracy. 

2. Loyalty in personal and family life — to safeguard the 
sacredness of the home. 

3. Loyalty in work — to prevent misunderstandings and pre- 
serve a just balance between capital and labor. 

4. Loyalty of individuals to each other and to society in gen- 
eral. 

CHANNELS 

Loyalty propaganda to proceed through these channels : 

1. Through the churches, embracing all, without regard to 
creed, sect or form: Jewish and Gentile, Catholic and 
Protestant, Christian Science, Ethical Culture, religious 
organizations of all kinds. 

2. Through the schools, public and private, including col- 
leges and universities. 

3. Through business houses and organizations and manu- 
facturing bodies. 

4. Through fraternal, social and other organizations estab- 
lished for the common good. 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

5. Through associations representing the law, banking, 
brokerage, real estate, transportation, engineering, medi- 
cine, art, science and all branches of human advance and 
activity, 

6. Through organizations devoted to charity, settlement 
work, research and public welfare in general. 

7. Through the public prints — newspapers, magazines, pe- 
riodicals — in all languages represented by publications in 
New York City. 

8. Through the theatres, motion picture houses, halls of 
music and all places of amusement. 

9. Through lectures and talks in public halls. 

10. Through posters and other forms of publicity. 

1 1. Through personal contact, citizen with citizen. 
Propaganda work to begin with a week set aside by procla- 
mation of the Mayor as 

LOYALTY WEEK 

To be celebrated in churches with Loyalty sermons. 

In schools with Loyalty talks by teachers and addresses by 
superintendents and other educators. 

In places of amusement with five-minute Loyalty talks by 
prominent men and women. 

In the newspapers and periodicals with Loyalty editorials 
and features. 

In places of business with Loyalty meetings between em- 
ployer and employees. 

In the city generally with Loyalty posters, cartoons and 
patriotic pictures. 

Loyalty Week to be followed with a general distribution of 
pamphlets and printed propaganda in various languages, ex- 
plaining the basis of American Loyalty and the present need of 
a better understanding of Loyalty in all its phases and relations. 



Cnon 



COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL AND 
SURGICAL RELIEF 

This Committee has cognizance of questions relating to 

emergency medical and surgical relief in the 

City of New York. 



Dr. Francis C. Edgerton 
Chairman 

Dr. John Dorning 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Abbe, Dr. Robert Delavan, Dr. D. Bryson 

Allen, Ethan Fitzsimmons, William F. 

Bangs, F. S. Goetze, Frederick A. 

Cutting, R. Fulton Penfield, Frederic C. 



MEMBERS 



Abbott, William H. 
Agar, John G. 
Alexander, Dr. A. 
Allen, Dr. Herbert C. 
Atkinson, William F. 
Atterbury, Rev. Anson P. 
Barsotti, Carlo 
Bassler, Dr. Anthony 
BiCKFORD, Herbert J. 
Clarke, Audley 
Clover, Rev. Geo. F. 
Coleman, Judge Charles W. 
Davis, John 

Dearden, Dr. John Edm^in 
DeBragga, Joseph H. 
Dench, Dr. Edward B. 
DoRAN, George H. 
Drummond, Walter J. 
DuNNiGAN, John J. 
Egbert, Rev. Geo. Drew 
Elsberg, Nathaniel A. 
Evans, Hartman K. 
EviNS, Hon. Samuel H. 
Farrelly, Stephen 
Fisher, Dr. Ernest S. 
Goldwater, Dr. S. S. 



Hammond, Dr. Graeme M. 
Jacobi, Dr. a. 
Klein, Dr. Simon Robert 
Klepper, Dr. Julius I. 
Levi, Nathaniel H. 
Lichenstein, Bernard 
Lotz, Dr. G. C. 
Lydon, Richard P. 
Martin, Frederick 
McGean, Rt. Rev. James H. 
Meding, Dr. C. B. 
Park, Dr. William H. 
Perilli, Dr. John W. 
Peters, Curtis A. 
PuRDY, Dr. Harry R. 
Robison, Rabbi A. G. 
Sayre, Dr. Reginald H. 
Smith, Very Rev. Ignatius 
Smith, Dr. J. Gardner 
Stella, Dr. Antonio 
Van deWater, Rev. Geo. R, 
Werner, Dr. Louis H. 
Whalen, Robt. T. 
Wiernik, Peter 
Wolfson, Leo 



COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL AND 
SURGICAL RELIEF 

ZONING FOR HEALTH 

THIS Committee in general has cognizance of all questions of 
medical and surgical relief of practically every description. 
Normally the city is excellently served through the Board of 
Health and the Medical Relief Service Bureau of the Police 
Department. But war conditions have shown the need for sup- 
plemental aid by civilian agencies. One of the proposals of the 
Committee is that the City be divided into zones, and to these 
zones should be assigned physicians and surgeons who work in 
co-operation with patriotic citizens likewise assigned to zones, 
which citizens report health conditions within their zones to the 
Committee. 

Not alone does the Committee operate along strictly rec- 
ognized lines of medical and surgical relief. Its duties involve 
also a very large amount of what may be termed protective 
work — protective in the sense of safeguarding the community 
against disease and injury, not only by instructing the public 
as to health requirements, but also protecting as against the 
cold, lack of clothing, under-nutrition, and the like. 

The Mayor's Committee is treating the matter of medical 
and surgical relief, on a scientific as well as a practical basis, 
to supplement the regular bureaus of the City. The aim is to 
make effective preventive measures for the removal of the 
tendency of diseases to become acute. It is considered that this 
is specially necessary nowadays by reason of the sudden con- 
centration of large numbers of people which had not been 
anticipated previous to the war. 

The wonderful sanitary arrangements of the Army and Navy 

1:1133 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

for dealing with these abnormal conditions have made it felt 
that with the proper co-operation of the civilian population, the 
arrangements inaugurated through the regular bureaus may be 
greatly strengthened and extended. The Mayor's Committee 
is giving specialized attention to the housing of the industrial 
classes accordingly. 

SPANISH INFLUENZA 

War's demands stripped many localities in Greater New York 
of a large portion of their normal supply of medical atten- 
dants. In addition to this extraordinary strain there came 
the abnormal conditions brought about by the epidemic of 
Spanish influenza in the autumn of 19 18, so that the sanitation 
of New York became one of the most serious problems which 
ever has confronted the City. 

This Committee acted at once in co-operation with the Com- 
mittee on Sanitation in putting into effect remedial measures 
which resulted finally in bringing the epidemic under control; 
as well as assisting in carrying through the general health pro- 
gram of the City. Effective efforts have been made as a matter 
of patriotic service to get medical relief to the families of those 
who were called to the colors, so that social and moral condi- 
tions alike might be kept in control. 

It was realized that the taking over for war purposes by the 
Government of hospitals and relief facilities greatly affected 
the ability of the ordinary civilian to obtain the same sort of 
medical and surgical relief to which he was accustomed in peace 
times. It was in this connection that physicians and citizens 
alike were able to render immense help in maintaining the 
average standards of health in the community, when so many 
doctors and nurses had responded to the calls for service at 
home and abroad, leaving their districts with indifferent relief 
facilities. 

The Committee on Medical and Surgical Relief was organized 
to act in close co-operation with the Department of Sanitation 
of the Mayor's Committee and the Health Department of the 



COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL AND SURGICAL RELIEF 

City, the strain upon the regular departments being greatly en- 
larged by the increased strenuousness brought about by the 
pressure of industries and other efforts of the people of New 
York City towards the winning of the war. 

The maintenance of emergency and relief stations has been 
a powerful and potent factor in keeping up the strength and 
morale of the citizens. The community as a whole is in conse- 
quence better equipped than otherwise would be the case in 
maintaining emergency and relief stations for the conditions 
arising at the close of the war, with return of the enlisted men 
from the fields of battle abroad. 

DRUG ADDICTION AND EFFICIENCY 

A MATTER of vital importance which is having the attention of 
this Committee is that of drug addiction. Very useful work has 
been done by the consolidated committees, as newly organized, 
of the State Legislative Association of the New York City 
Committee on Drug Evil, whose membership includes a num- 
ber of those most active in social problems on the Mayor's 
Committee. A movement with which the Mayor's Committee 
operates against this growing menace represents Federal, State 
and municipal interests, both the State and New York City 
Departments of Health having representatives; the State Asso- 
ciation of Magistrates, the New York City Courts, the District 
Attorneys of New York, Kings and Bronx Counties, the United 
States Internal Revenue, the Customs Service and the United 
States Army, together with civic organizations in the City of 
New York devoted to social service. 

In these matters the Mayor's Committee works with the 
Police Department of New York, through its specialized 
branches dealing with the matter. Special attention is being 
paid to strengthening the amendment to the Public Health Law, 
providing for the regulation and control of the sale, prescribing, 
dispensing, dealing in and distribution of cocaine and opium 
and their derivatives, as presented before the Legislative Nar- 
cotic Drug Committee in March, 1918. 

1:115:1 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

This matter vitally affects the efficiency of the armed forces 
of America, although the number of addicts is fortunately 
small. Drug addiction is forbidden by regulation both in the 
Army and Navy; and in the Navy at least any disability arising 
from such addiction is considered "not in line of duty" and the 
subject thereof forfeits pay while on the sick list, the disability 
being described as "due to his own misconduct." 

Conference is being had with the Federal Government re- 
garding the strengthening of the national anti-narcotic legis- 
lation now effective. Judged by a report of the special investi- 
gating committee of the Treasury Department, the present 
legislation leaves much to be desired. The number of drug 
addicts in the United States is increasing instead of decreasing, 
and consequently the sale of listed drugs such as morphine, 
cocaine, heroin and codeine is on the ascending scale. 

NEW YORK'S TEN THOUSAND ADDICTS 

Peddlers are plying their trade, preying upon the unfortunates 
who have contracted the drug-using habit. In New York City 
alone eight thousand addicts have been reported as under 
treatment by physicians, and it is estimated on a conservative 
official basis that there are at least ten thousand drug addicts 
in Greater New York. With the usual inclination towards ex- 
aggeration, it has been stated that there are 200,000 drug 
addicts in Greater New York, and 2,500,000 in the United 
States; but these are obviously gross exaggerations. 

It is authoritatively estimated, however, that 1,500,000 per- 
sons in this country are drug users, one million of them being 
known as such in their communities. It is with this national 
menace that the Mayor's Committee is endeavoring to cope, 
and the utilitarian point of view is emphasized by the fact that 
thousands of men in the military and naval service have been 
dismissed on account of such addiction. 

The Treasury Department investigators have called for a 
drastic anti-narcotic act at this session of Congress, and the 
Mayor's Committee is endeavoring to strengthen the demand 

1:116: 



COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL AND SURGICAL RELIEF 

for such a reform. Loopholes in the old law must be stopped 
and the peddlers of drugs must be cut off from their bases of 
supplies, which are largely smuggled into the country. The 
reclamation of the victims is a question of serious thought and 
investigation by the Committee on Medical and Surgical Relief, 
as it is realized that the paths of the unfortunate addicts are 
leading inexorably to sorrow, degradation and death. 

ZONES OF QUIET 

"Zones of Quiet" are being made more and more effective in 
New York City. The abatement of noise has been definitely 
taken up by about two score of leading American cities, and a 
country-wide effort is planned for the suppression of useless 
and avoidable noises, both by day and by night. A useful type- 
written list, comprising a bibliography of the various publica- 
tions on noise prevention, has been issued by the Library of 
Congress at Washington. Similar data may be obtained by 
application to the public libraries of Greater New York. 

Chicago has an ordinance making provision for zones of 
quiet in cases of severe illness, as noted in the United States 
Public Health Reports, dated February 12, 191 5; Baltimore 
has appointed a policeman whose sole duty it is to suppress 
unnecessary noise. He gives his personal attention to enforcing 
the statute, and has succeeded in interesting people throughout 
the city in his work. 

Kansas City, Missouri, has amended its ordinance, prohibit- 
ing the blowing of locomotive whistles, or signal blasts within 
one hundred feet of any highway, etc. ; also providing that "no 
signal blast shall exceed two seconds in length, and not more 
than five, and such signal blasts shall be blown in immediate 
succession." 

HEALTH LITERATURE NEEDED 

The Mayor's Committee has encouraged the issue of some 
urgently needed literature in the form of small manuals or 
pamphlets. It is recognized that there should be for every 

D173 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

disease a separate pamphlet, even if of but two or three pages, 
descriptive of the symptoms, the development and handling, 
not only of the disease, but also for the more important subject 
of its prevention. In times of malarial increase, for instance, 
pamphlets on that subject would be distributed freely through 
milk stations, doctors, police, civic organizations, social settle- 
ments, department stores, etc., as well as being published by the 
newspapers. 

It is obvious that the existence of such pamphlets has been 
of the greatest value in the recent attacks of infantile paralysis, 
Spanish influenza, etc., and also, of course, in such scourges as 
typhus and a score of other diseases which might as readily be 
mentioned. Encouragement is being given to a more elaborate 
and rapid survey of the health of the City day by day, on some 
such system as that adopted by the medical authorities, who 
each day have statistical descriptions of the condition of each 
district. 

While scores of languages and dialects are spoken and written 
in New York City, it is felt that ten or a dozen languages for 
such health literature would adequately cover the main neces- 
sities of the City's polyglot population; and assurances of co- 
operation have been received by the Mayor's Committee from 
numbers of the aliens of the foreign-language communities, as 
regards co-operation in this and other lines for public better- 
ment. 

It is conceded that, aside from pamphlets dealing with specific 
diseases, there should be a large distribution on such subjects 
as "How to Attain Health"; "How to Live a Healthy Life"; 
"How to Live to an Old Age," etc.; all these to be written in 
concise and easily understood language, with an avoidance of 
such terms as "hygiene," "prophylaxis" and other terms which 
are so freely used but inadequately understood by a large sec- 
tion of the people. 

The organization of Health Leagues among the people of the 
City is a matter having attention by the Committee. These 
Health Leagues would be operated largely by the people of a 
given racial group, with the oversight of the Mayor's Com- 



COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL AND SURGICAL RELIEF 

mittee, and by this means the only form of help worth having — 
self-help — would be applied by each community. Thus the 
varied standards of personal hygiene, the preparation of food, 
etc., would be carried out by the people of a given racial group. 
Adaptation would be made to American standards wherever 
these were shown to be the better ones. 

Greater encouragement among the schools would be desirable 
in the work of educating children along health lines, not alone 
by means of lectures, charts and moving pictures, but by litera- 
ture for the children to take home to their parents. 

Preventive medicine is recognized as being still in its infancy. 
Instead of paying a doctor's bill after one is ill, the wise man 
goes to him before anything happens. The Municipal Refer- 
ence Library of New York City at the present time is making 
a study of health education ; and general co-operation along this 
line is being had from the Mayor's Committee for the benefit 
of the public as a whole. Disease prevention and health con- 
servation, it is recognized, depend upon an enlightened citi- 
zenship. The very effective municipal medical organizations 
keep in touch with the people as a whole, and it is hoped that 
the appropriation for health purposes in New York City may 
be an annually ascending one. 



CiiqH 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL ACTIVITIES 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions in which 
the National Government and the City of New 
York as a municipality are interested, includ- 
ing special arbitrations as to the disposal 
of lands, properties, buildings, etc., 
for war and other purposes. 



James A. O'Gorman 
Chairman 

Joseph P. Day 
Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Beck, James M. Durant, William C. 

Billings, Charles M. Milburn, John G. 

Bush, Irving T. Munsey, Frank A. 

CouDERT, Frederic R. Taft, Henry W. 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Adamson, Robert 
Armory, Copley 
Arnold, Edward A. 
Bangs, F. S. 
Beha, James A. 
Bedford, A. C. 
Bernard, Rt. Rev. 
Burns, Walter F. 
Carew, John F. 
Carmody, Frank X. 
Cram, J. Sergeant 
Crompton, Willl^m 
Daly, C. J. 
Davies, Julien T. 
Deutsch, Bernard S. 
Doherty, Leo V. 
Douglas, Archibald 
Drake, Newman E. 
Duncan, Stuart 
Dunn, Gano 
Earley, Cornelius J. 
Eiseman, Stephen F. 
Elson, Edwin B. 
Farley, Thos. M. 
Feiner, Benjamin F. 



Fitzpatrick, Richard 
Flynn, Thomas F. 
Foley, James A. 
Foster, Roger 
Freel, James J. 
GiEGERicH, Leonard A. 
Goldman, Samuel P. 
Hallock, a. H. 
Hardin, A. T. 
Herman, Sydney H. 
Hynes, John J. 
Hynes, Thomas W. 
Jackson, William Schuyler 
Jones, W. A. 
Joyce, Henry L. 
Knox, Herbert A. 
Kracke, F. J. H. 
Lane, Theodore T. 
Luce, Robert L. 
MoRDECAi, Benjamin 
McClure, S. S. 

NUNAN, J. D. 

Pounds, Lewis H. 
Remick, W. H. 
Sullivan, Andrew T. 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL ACTIVITIES 

UNITY AND EFFICIENCY 

USURPATION of State and municipal rights and control 
by the Federal Government is necessarily a question which 
must be treated on a broad basis and from a reasonable point of 
view. This possibility has loomed large at various stages of 
the war, when it was absolutely necessary that there should be 
a unified and efficient organization of the entire civilian and in- 
dustrial resources for the common safety. 

Similarly to the functions of the Committee on Army and 
Navy Forces, the group charged with National Activities has 
cognizance of many matters jointly affecting the interests of 
the Federal and City governments. War tends to break down 
such provisions and shows a large lack of discrimination in sat- 
isfying its claims, whether the matter concerns the national, 
State or municipal interest. The Government claims the right, 
and rightly so, to subordinate the interests of a State or muni- 
cipality. 

It is obvious that this is entirely proper where the good of 
the whole country is involved, but in the high pressure under 
which war operations are necessarily conducted this principle 
has led in some cases to discrimination and detriment to a city. 
Thus the interests of citizens are sometimes unwittingly trav- 
ersed as to their rights regarding personal liberty and property; 
but such cases are fortunately rare. 

The duty of this Committee therefore is to observe all na- 
tional activities as they may affect the City of New York and 
its people. It is alert at one and the same time to combat any 
undue encroachment on the interests of the City, as well as to 
suggest methods to the superior powers by which the same 
results might be obtained without damage to local interests. 

D23n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

The means and procedure by which this can be temporarily 
accomplished with justice to the Federal Government and with 
due consideration of municipal rights, is one that requires deep 
and sane consideration so that both ends may be achieved. 
Embodied in this complex problem are many questions of con- 
stitutional law as well as the broad industrial and political 
points of contact. In the establishment of reasonable work- 
ing bases by the Federal and municipal authorities, New York 
City has been singularly fortunate in having established through 
this Committee on National Activities a happy working ar- 
rangement. By this means the Federal Government is pro- 
vided with an adequate support for its war program and at the 
same time the City maintains its municipal autonomy. 

LOOKING BACKWARD 

A QUARTER of a ceutury hence. New Yorkers will look back 
and with a greater appreciation will realize that New York 
City stood forth as a notable example of municipal adaptation 
to national requirements; and the same enviable record will be 
borne by the majority of other municipalities throughout the 
country. In keeping with the admirable spirit which generally 
prevailed, little protest was made over the condemnation of 
property by the Federal Government for war purposes. The 
Government commandeered what it needed and its demands 
were freely acknowledged in such cases as dockage require- 
ments, etc. The subcommittees on Shipping and Harbor 
Defense, Law, etc., worked upon these questions when they 
were dealt with by the Mayor's Committee; and despite the 
rigid curtailment of industries, cordial relationship was kept 
with the Federal Government at all times. 

On various occasions municipal branches vital to the welfare 
of the City voluntarily conceded precedence to the requirements 
of the Federal Government in the furtherance of its war pro- 
gram. A concrete example is shown in the narrative in this 
volume concerning the cessation of practically every building 
activity in the City of New York in connection with the opera- 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL ACTIVITIES 



tions of the Committee on Building and Construction. New 
York City was badly in need of increased buildings for its 
schools and other constructive purposes, but in every case the 
Board of Education or other authority concerned stepped aside 
with a willing spirit, and with alacrity, to give free course to 
the needs of the superior power as its desires were expressed 
from Washington through the War Industries Board and by 
other war agencies. 

Many buildings partially constructed were voluntarily stopped 
for the purpose of saving in building materials and labor. Many 
instances came to the knowledge of the Mayor's Committee 
where bankruptcy temporarily faced those who patriotically 
waived their personal interests for the public gain. There was 
hardly a case where the major necessities of the Nation as a 
whole were permitted to even temporarily blind an individual 
builder or property-owner to his duty as a real patriot in the 
time of the country's needs. 

LOSSES IN MILLIONS 

Docks were given up for war-time shipping, and many opera- 
tions vitally necessary were at once voluntarily placed at the 
disposal of the National Government. In Brooklyn the Federal 
authorities took over buildings which stood in the way of in- 
creased dockage facilities, and the City gave over its land and 
other municipal property for the shipment and storage of war 
goods without a protest. Great business enterprises calmly 
looked at the loss of millions of dollars as they sacrificed them- 
selves in order that fuel and food conservation and other forms 
of saving should be carried out fully and cheerfully in line with 
the needs of the hour. As an example of concrete patriotism 
New York must long be recognized as a conspicuous example of 
unselfish service to the country as a whole and to the Allied 
cause in general. It will be a matter of pride for future genera- 
tions to know that at this source and center of influence there 
was never a question of halting; but that in more than one in- 
stance more was given than had been asked for. 

[1253 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

The multitudinous requirements of the Nation and its Allies 
when presented were carefully studied and successfully carried 
out by the Mayor's Committee and other bodies, in order that 
nothing should impede the Federal program and that by its 
example New York City might prove to be a powerful factor 
in bringing up every portion of the country for meeting the 
supreme sacrifices of property and life which were required. Many 
tributes have been paid to the City as a whole, to the Mayor's 
Committee, and other elements which entered into this prompt 
and cheerful compliance by which the arms of the Allies were 
strengthened in some of their darkest hours. 

All this was done by close co-operation with the many De- 
partments in Washington which were charged with the varied 
war activities. The Mayor's Committee was enabled by means 
of its efficient organization to save the Government from setting 
up in New York City several forms of organization which 
otherwise had been absolutely necessary for translating the 
Federal program into the required local activities. Vast sums 
were thus saved to the Federal authorities and consequently to 
the Nation as a whole; and City and Nation were brought into 
a more intimate and cordial relationship than ever before had 
been the case. 



1:126] 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONALISM 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating 

to American nationalism, developing the spirit of 

nationalism not only in the City of New York, 

but indirectly in a much wider sense 

throughout the United States 



FiNLEY J. ShEPARD 

Chairman 

W. S. KiES 

V ice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Bertron, S. Reading Higgins, C. M. 

Black, Wm. Harman Marling, Alfred 

Collier, Robert J. Sutro, Lionel 

Hepburn, A. Barton Willcox, William R. 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Abbott, Lawrence F. 
Barsotti, Carlo 
Brady, James C. 
Clark, Judge Lester 
CoTTiLo, Salvatore A. 
Crane, C. A. 
Daniels, C. C. 
Delahanty, Thomas L. 
Dommerich, Otto L. 
DupoRT, Octave 
EcKLEY, Ernest R. 
Francolini, Jos. N. 
Frankel, Lee K. 
Fuller, Seymour K. 
GiLROY, John J. 
Green, Warren L. 
Harley, Cornelius J. 
Hester, Rev. St. Clair 
Landon, Major Francis G. 
Levy, Jefferson M. 



Lord, Chester S. 
Loud, General George B. 
Milburn, John G. 
Morrison, A. B. 
Moss, Frank 
RoBisoN, Rabbi A. G. 
Rockwell, Rev. Joseph H. 
Rorke, Alexander L 
Somers, Arthur 
Stevenson, Archibald Ewing 
Stroock, Moses J. 
Tanner, Frederick C. 
Thomas, Charles G. M. 
Thorne, John G. 
Vogel, Edwin C. 
Wall, Very Rev. F. H. 
Willis, Walter L 
WooDHousE, Henry 
Young, John R. 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONALISM 

ERASING THE HYPHEN 

"Mighty Multitudes Cheer 100,000 Loyalty Parade Marchers; 
Greatest and Most Significant Spectacle in City's History 
Thrills Its Millions." 

ANEW YORK newspaper thus epitomized a movement 
which was fostered by the Committee on Nationalism by 
carrying through the 19 18 Independence Day Pageant-Parade 
in New York City. Floats and other scenic features, depicting 
the struggles for liberty in their home lands, were prepared by 
many of the national groups taking part in the cavalcade. Such 
committees expended large sums, which were contributed by the 
foreign colonies in a splendid spirit of co-operative patriotism. 
In addition to floats, there were in evidence native costumes 
and many other distinctive marks of the bizarre and varie- 
gated life of the widely scattered foreign communities. Famous 
native artists contributed their services freely to gain the finest 
effects, and medals and diplomas have been awarded by the 
Mayor's Committee as a slight recognition of the almost uni- 
formly high excellence thus achieved. 

The awards were made at the City Hall by his Honor the 
Mayor, and the responses made by the representatives of the 
various national groups in turn voiced the highest type of 
patriotism. The first prize, a gold medal, was awarded to 
Poland; the second prize, a silver medal, to Syria; the third, a 
bronze medal, to Portugal, on the occasion referred to. 

One of the greatest problems of the Mayor's Committee was 
in limiting the numbers of those taking part on Independence 
Day so that the parade would not extend to undue length. 

D293 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Offers were made aggregating 243,000 in the total number of 
marchers; but, by the rigid rules of limitation as to the size of 
the marching contingents, the Mayor's Committee succeeded in 
reducing the actual number of participants to 103,000. Even 
as it was, the parade lasted from 8:30 in the morning until 8:30 
at night — a full twelve hours of such a kaleidoscopic represen- 
tation of the world's life as never before has been shown. 

The objects of such demonstrations, organized by the Mayor's 
Committee, are not merely for the passing and scenic effect, but 
they include a definite educational purpose in giving all of the 
foreign elements of the heterogeneous life in New York City an 
opportunity to express themselves in their own distinctive way, 
to fraternize one with the other and to commingle with the 
broad streams of American citizenship. The outcome of the 
Independence Day efforts is known to all who saw the spec- 
tacle in all of its dazzling magnitude. 

NEW YORK'S "WAR FOURTH" 

FoRTY-Two national groups marched up Fifth Avenue on that 
day in such a spirit as never before had been shown in this 
country. The enterprise upon which the Mayor's Committee 
had embarked, primarily through its Committee on National- 
ism, was bold and revolutionary in its character. Predictions 
were freely made that failure was inevitable — that disloyal 
elements in America, moving at the behest of Teutonic in- 
triguers, never would permit such a gigantic protest against 
autocracy to be prepared and carried through. 

The event was anticipated with forebodings from quarters 
much wider than the confines of Greater New York. The suc- 
cessful outcome is to-day being heralded by moving pictures 
and a propaganda campaign throughout neutral countries, and 
to a limited extent in the enemy lands themselves. The hyphen 
has been struck out of American citizenship and the people of 
Germany itself can see, if they will, the moving representation 
of their own flesh and blood marching to victory for the cause 
of America and its Allies in the war. 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONALISM 



PROOFS OF LOYALTY 

For months the Committee on Nationalism and its related in- 
terests in the Mayor's Committee had been quietly preparing 
for such an arresting event. The leaders of more than thirty 
national groups in the metropolis had been personally inter- 
viewed and their opinions taken as to the advantage to be 
gained from a great forward movement in constructive Amer- 
ican citizenship for 19 18-19. The response on the part of these 
foreign-born leaders was distinctly encouraging, but the final 
result on July Fourth was simply astounding to all concerned in 
its success. When matters "had sufficiently progressed, a con- 
ference was called by the Mayor's Committee to meet at the 
City Hall on June fourth. This was attended by delegates from 
nearly thirty nationalities; group committees were formed and 
daily consultations were thereafter held at the Hall of Records, 
as the headquarters of the Committee, with the sections dealing 
with the impending spectacle of patriotism. Each group 
financed its own activities, in proof of its loyal earnestness. 

A century hence New York City's "War Fourth" probably 
will still be spoken of as a spontaneous and unparalleled out- 
pouring of the soul of a united community at a time of peril for 
the free peoples of the world. 

NATIONAL ANTHEM DAY 

Another indication of the work of citizen-making was shown in 
the splendid support given to the celebration of National An- 
them Day on September 14, 191 8, as projected by the Mayor's 
Committee. Introductory to that occasion, a proclamation was 
issued from the Mayor's office as follows: 

PROCLAMATION! 

To the People of the City of New York: 

Announcement is hereby made that Saturday, September 14, 19 18, 
will be observed in New York City as the anniversary of the writing 
of 'The Star-Spangled Banner." 

The circumstances surrounding the composition of our National 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Anthem by Francis Scott Key during the bombardment of Fort Mc- 
Henry at Baltimore make the celebration of this anniversary on our 
part, under the present conditions of war, one of special significance. 

It is requested that on Friday, September 13, "The Star-Spangled 
Banner" shall be sung with special patriotic exercises in the schools 
throughout Greater New York; that on Saturday, September 14, at 
twelve o'clock, the people of New York shall gather, so far as is pos- 
sible, about the City Hall to join in special exercises commemorative 
of the anniversary of the composition of the song. 

Now, Therefore, I, John F. Hylan, Mayor of the City of New York, 
ask that the people of the city give their hearty and active co-opera- 
tion to the exercises in commemoration of the writing of "The Star- 
Spangled Banner." 

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
official seal of the City of New York to be affixed. 

Done in the City of New York this eleventh day of September, in 
the year of our Lord, One thousand nine hundred and eighteen. 

(Signed) John F. Hylan. 

By the Mayor: 

Grover a. Whalen, 

Secretary to the Mayor. 



A MILLION MESSAGES OF SONG 

Extensive observances were held in the churches, public 
schools, parks, theatres, moving-picture houses, etc., throughout 
Greater New York. A gathering estimated at 20,000 people 
listened to patriotic addresses, community singing, band con- 
certs, etc., in front of the City Hall on Saturday, September 14. 
Equally large gatherings assembled at Prospect Park, Brooklyn, 
and Central Park, New York; and there were smaller gatherings 
at the Battery and other parks in connection with the band con- 
certs and community singing. At all of these places leaflets 
bearing the text of "The Star-Spangled Banner" were distrib- 
uted; and, by arrangement through the Committee on Retail 
Industries of the Mayor's Committee, large numbers of the leaf- 
lets were supplied to the leading department stores for inclusion 
in their parcels. In total, about a million leaflets were distrib- 
uted, bearing the imprint of the Mayor's Committee. 




COMMITTEE ON NATIONALISM 



Slides giving the words of the National Anthem were supplied 
to five hundred of the moving-picture houses throughout 
Greater New York, and four hundred leading singers, supplied 
through the Mayor's Committee and by the co-operation of 
others, led the audiences in rendering the National Anthem. 

NATIONALIZING A HYMN 

By arrangement with the Hotel Association of New York City, 
the menu cards of the leading New York hostels and restau- 
rants bore the text of "The Star-Spangled Banner" in full on 
National Anthem Day; the same text was printed in the theatre 
programs by the co-operation of the leading theatrical interests; 
and by other means the widest circulation was given to this 
movement for the further popularization of this song. There 
are many evidences that the words and sentiment of the Na- 
tional Anthem are being familiarized with the great mass of the 
population by means of such widely spread propaganda. These 
inspiring words and their music are now being rendered by the 
people of Greater New York and of the Nation as never before, 
resulting in a better understanding of the spirit of democracy 
and all that it stands for. 

A movement is being fostered by the Mayor's Committee 
having as its purpose the adoption by Congress of "The Star- 
Spangled Banner" as the officially recognized National Anthem 
of America. This hymn is already so recognized by the Ameri- 
can Army and Navy. 

So successful was the three-day celebration, centering about 
National Anthem Day, that an extension was made to the time 
originally fixed for the commemoration. 

THE PROMISE OF THE PRESENT 

Pull of meaning as they are. Independence Day and National 
Anthem Day of 1918 are but incidents in the work of American- 
ization which is the regular program of the Committee on 
Nationalism. For many months this work has been steadily 

n 133:1 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

pushed through the Mayor's Committee, but never has there 
been so wide an opening for a definite campaign as at the pres- 
ent time. Many personal appeals are reaching the Committee 
from leaders of foreign groups asking that speakers be sent to 
them, that literature be supplied in their own tongue for use 
among those who cannot read the English language, and that 
the notably favorable situation now existing be met promptly 
and eff'ectively. 

Recognizing that Americanization is a subtle process, pene- 
trating every relation of social and business life, the Committee 
on Nationalism believes that any program of Americanization 
must necessarily be many-sided. And yet such a program, no 
matter how diverse its various expressions, can — and, for the 
purpose of organized effort, must — be exceedingly definite and 
practical. 

CONSTRUCTIVE CITIZENSHIP 

The Committee on Nationalism has therefore adopted the fol- 
lowing general lines of work and policy: 

I. Organized co-operation with the public school system for the 
promotion of English language and citizenship. These are not the 
whole of Americanization, but they are fundamental in it. One of 
our greatest national tasks at this time is so to extend our public edu- 
cational system that it shall become a general and powerful factor 
for the Americanization of adults as well as minors among the for- 
eign-born. This end can never be attained by the schools without 
organized pubhc sentiment, public support. It is the business of 
such a group as the Mayor's Committee on Nationalism to furnish 
that community sentiment and support and thus stand behind the 
public school system in its efforts to make the public school the train- 
ing school, the vestibule to citizenship, and, lastly, the club of the 
adult foreign-born in every neighborhood. 

FAVORABLE LEGISLATION 

Legislation has been enacted at Albany for the compulsory study 
of the English language by foreigners under the age of twenty-one. 
Hundreds of teachers are in training for taking the lead in this sig- 
nificant advance. The Committee on Nationalism plans to give 
badges to children who teach their parents English, with cards for 
display in the windows of homes where the English language and 
other advancement in citizenship are adopted. 

D343 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONALISM 



2. Organized co-operation with industry both in relation to Amer- 
icanization work inside the individual plant and in relation to co- 
operation between public schools and employers. The Mayor's 
Committee is assisting the employers of New York City to promote 
Americanization, not as a "welfare" matter outside of industry, but 
as a part of industrial organization. The citizenship, loyalty and 
Americanization of foreign-born employees are essential considera- 
tions in labor and production. They mean stability in the labor 
force; they mean reduction in the turnover of labor; they mean bet- 
ter industrial relations, better industrial organization. Above all, they 
mean not only Americanized workmen, but Americanized industry. 

The Mayor's Committee is placing leaflets in four languages in the 
pay envelopes among factory workers through the generous co-opera- 
tion of the General Contractors Association of New York City. 
Posters to the same effect are placed in industrial establishments. 
Close co-operation is had with the Board of Education. The pay 
envelope slips read: "You Can't Get to the Top in this country 
unless you speak the language of the United States. Give your chil- 
dren a chance — Learn English and Get Better Pay. There are 
classes for you and All Your Family at the Free Evening Schools. 
Dancing, Singing and Club Privileges. Apply to the Principal of 
the School nearest your address. 

"You Are Losing Money by not knowing the language of the 
country in which you are living. Go to one of the Free Evening 
Schools and learn English. A list is given herewith. Apply to the 
Principal of the school nearest your home. Better English, Better 
Job, Better Pay." 

3. A sympathetic and practical relation with the various foreign- 
born groups through the representation of their leaders. It was this 
understanding and co-operation that made the Committee's Fourth 
of July celebration of 191 8 possible. The same co-operation and 
advice from the foreign-born groups is to be secured by the Mayor's 
Committee in every part of its practical Americanization program. 

4. Promotion of participation of the foreign-born in war work. 
There is no greater agency for Americanization at the present time 
than the war work designed by the Federal Government to be fur- 
thered by every city. Nothing will more effectively further the solidi- 
fying of our citizenship than the general participation of native and 
foreign-born together in work to win the war. 

An intensive campaign is going forward. Past activities and future 
plans of the Committee on Nationalism include the following: 

A WIDE PROPAGANDA 

Public meetings addressed by native and foreign speakers on the 
winning of the war by the help of lectures in foreign lodges and other 
gatherings on travels and life in America to acquaint the newcomer 
with the land of his adoption; organized visits to historic places with 

1:1353 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

talks on the spot; explanation of the operations of the American 
Government, who its officials are and what they stand for; moving 
pictures showing by a scenario the arrival, the progress and the ulti- 
mate success of the immigrant in America; luncheon-conferences and 
other private meetings with foreign-language leaders, editors, etc., to 
further develop plans for work among their own people, with an 
effective working committee representing each nationality; a regular 
press service both to foreign-language and native papers on news and 
ideals for Americanism; community singing, folk dances and other 
entertainments arranged with foreign groups as a get-together plan 
for all Americans. 

5. Celebrations of Washington's Birthday and other patriotic oc- 
casions by addresses from prominent native and foreign speakers, 
with music, etc.; similar celebrations of notable anniversaries in the 
life of other nations; an Exposition to last a full month for the pur- 
pose of demonstrating by great spectacles staged by their own people 
what the composite groups making up American life stand for; con- 
tinuation of the campaign of the Mayor's Committee to teach the 
National Anthem and other patriotic songs to all the people, this 
campaign to be continued by means of the theatres, moving-picture 
places, churches, schools, etc.; posters of patriotism in foreign lan- 
guages; a bibliography of patriotism in connection with the public 
libraries. 

NO "PAPER PROGRAM" 

The foregoing is not a "paper program." Every item — 
and these are but a few of them — represents definite construc- 
tive work which has been started and is now in the way of being 
carried on by practical workers of the Mayor's Committee. 

Through the energetic and practical program which the Com- 
mittee now has under way, the promise is that New York City 
will add to its forces of citizenship and loyalty multitudes of 
those whose influence will be felt throughout the country. As 
an incentive to useful citizenship, the activities of this branch 
of the Mayor's Committee cannot be measured. 

Special acknowledgment is due to Dr. George F. Kunz, Chair- 
man of the Independence Day Committee on Pageantry and 
History, and his colleagues. Expert judgment was rendered on 
the artistic excellence and historical accuracy of the beautiful 
floats and tableaux taking part in the parade, this Committee 
having previously censored these exhibits by the exercise of a 
broad and sympathetic spirit. The unselfish contribution which 



COMMITTEE ON NATIONALISM 



was thus made to the success of the day was the subject of much 
favorable comment on the part of the multitude of participants. 
An illustration of the diplomas awarded by this Committee, in 
connection with the Committee on Arts and Decoration, is given 
in this volume. Dr. Kunz was also instrumental in the generous 
presentation of the gold, silver and bronze medals to the Polish, 
Syrian and Portuguese parade committees. These represented 
the first, second and third prize awards respectively. 



D37:i 



COMMITTEE ON ORGANIZED GUARD 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating to 

the militia or other bodies, military or semi-military 

in character, as differentiated from the army and 

navy forces of the United States. 



Henry Rogers Winthrop 
Chairman 

Charles J. Ahern 
Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE committee 

Dunne, Finley Peter Gerard, Julian M. 

Dyer, Brig.-Gen. George R. Iselin, Ernest 

Foley, Frank F. Kahn, Otto H. 

Fox, William Robb, Brig.-Gen. James 



MEMBERS 



Alexander, Charles B. 
Anderson, Ellery O. 
Beck, Martin 
Bridgman, Herbert L. 
Burke, John S. 

Burleigh, Col. George William 
Carlton, Newcomb 
Carroll, John M. 
Cooper, George L. 
Crimmins, Thomas 
Crowell, Major Wm. B. 
Crowninshield, Edward A. 
Dalton, W. a. 
Dean, Bashford 
De Forest, Robert W. 
Donovan, Michael J. 
Ehret, George, Jr. 
Flaherty, Frank B. 
Fowler, Stanley C. 
Gaillard, William E. G. 



Gibson, Charles Dana 
Goodhue, Charles E. 
Guggenheimer, Charles S. 
Halligan, H. a. 
Harawitz, Abraham 
Ha WES, James Anderson 
James, Arthur E. 
JuiLLiARD, Frederic 
Kip, Henry Spies 
Klein, Milton M. 
Lunger, John B. 
Mabon, James B. 
Nast, Conde 
Perilli, John W. 
PlVA, Celestine 

PURVIN, MyLES 

Ryle, Arthur 
Shubert, Lee 
Simmons, Maurice 
Woodward, William 



COMMITTEE ON ORGANIZED GUARD 

THE NEED FOR ORGANIZATION 

HUNDREDS of organizations of a military or semi-military 
nature have operated in Greater New York for many years 
with but little real co-ordination. They generally have done 
useful work in a local sense, and many a present-day hero of the 
Marne, the Piave or the Jordan has acquired tactics for the 
Great War by his conscientious work in Manhattan, the Bronx 
or Queens. 

For the first time the Mayor's Committee on National De- 
fense is giving a cohesion to the large number of units which 
hitherto usually have been out of touch with others of like aims 
and interests. In accepting this leadership the Committee on 
Organized Guard is simply making effective a need which has 
been dimly felt but never met. Fugitive newspaper paragraphs 
have referred in the past to many meritorious bodies doing 
patriotic service, but any effort towards united action has hith- 
erto been impossible from the absence of any comprehensive 
knowledge of such bodies within the city's confines. 

MEETING THE DEMAND 

Immediately upon its formation the Committee on Organized 
Guard began the work of co-ordinating these numerous units 
into an effective and united force. It was realized what an ef- 
ficient adjunct to the Federal and State forces such an aggrega- 
tion would be in case of catastrophe or other crisis arising. 
Greatly increased protection to the lives and property of the 
people of New York is already the result of these efforts. 

It is felt that in case of an attack being made by air or water 
a readily mobilized defensive force should be available to re- 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

spond at once through this section of the Mayor's Committee to 
the demands of the competent military or naval authorities. 
The Committee's work is of a serious administrative nature. 
Both military and civilian members of the Committee on 
Organized Guard keep closely in touch with the needs of the 
day. 

Scrupulous care is exercised that the proper province of the 
Committee shall not be exceeded and that a correct attitude 
shall always be observed towards the existing military authori- 
ties. The Committee is always prepared to co-operate closely 
and harmoniously with the Federal and State forces in case of 
a disaster like that at Halifax last winter. The value of such an 
adjunct at such a time can hardly be estimated. 

METHODS OF WORK 

The Mayor's Committee occupies a unique position as re- 
gards its facilities for work not only among the native popula- 
tion but with foreigners as well. Forty-two national or racial 
groups are in close relationship with the Hall of Records as the 
headquarters of the Committee. Many of these groups — mak- 
ing up four-fifths of the population of the City — have well 
equipped and well drilled societies. Their patriotism and loy- 
alty to American ideals have been repeatedly proved. On last 
Independence Day they marched up Fifth Avenue more than 
one hundred thousand strong under the banners of the Mayor's 
Committee. As an outgrowth of this unexampled demonstra- 
tion of united Americanism for the winning of the war, definite 
plans are being laid for multiplying the efi'ectiveness of these 
Foreign Legions of America, as they might be termed. 

Some New York City units are composed of and controlled 
by women. They vie with the men in a common desire to up- 
build New York into a unified community with power to 
quickly mobilize when the occasion arises. Practical work and 
results are the acid test which the Committee applies. Worthy 
organizations are encouraged by the presence on drill nights of 
experienced military officers detailed from the Mayor's Com- 
mittee, and are helped in other ways. 



COMMITTEE ON ORGANIZED GUARD 



SUPERVISORY POWERS 

The general idea is to bring all organizations under the cogni- 
zance of the Committee so that the public may be informed 
exactly as to the activities of a given unit, both as regards the 
collection of money, the utilization of the money collected and 
the general administration of a society. As matters have long 
stood, many organizations collect funds but in no sense are their 
services proportionately useful for the purpose of defense of the 
City and its interests. 

Members of the Committee on Organized Guard are always 
working in conjunction with the special needs of the moment, 
and they have contributed useful and valuable ideas to the 
Allied cause. One development of particular value is in the way 
of employing the new steel alloy in better protective armor for 
the use of American troops on the battle-fields. This should 
result in the saving of thousands of lives. 

The object of the Mayor's Committee, therefore, is that 
through its department of Organized Guard there shall be sus- 
tained a responsible adjunct many thousand strong and imme- 
diately available for assisting the Federal and State forces in 
case of necessity, while under ordinary circumstances serving 
adequately to protect the lives and property of the people of 
New York City. 



L143: 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relat- 
ing to the instruction of the public generally on 
matters concerning the war and economic ques- 
tions and matters affecting the public 
welfare during the war and subse- 
quent to the termination of the war. 



Very Rev. Dean Robbins, D.D. 
Chairman 

Henry W. Taft 

Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Black, Wm. Harman Patten, Thomas G. 

Butler, Nicholas Murray Somers, Arthur 

Holt, Hamilton Williams, Arthur 

Kamaiky, Leon S. Wise, Edward 



MEMBERS 



Atkins, Charles D. 
Ball, Alfred J. 
Barton, Bruce 
Heals, John D. 
Beck, Martin 
Bloch, Henry 
Bloomer, Millard J. 
Blum, Edward C. 
BoLDEN, Rev. Richard M. 
Bouton, Archibald L. 
Boyle, James F. 
Brady, Peter J. 
Brainard, Clinton T. 
Bridgman, H. L. 
Burke, James I. 
Coe, Franklin 
Cohen, Maurice S. 
Comstock, L. K. 
Cooper, Geo. L. 
Davis, Robert H. 
Dingwall, Adam 
Doty, Douglas Z. 
Farley, Cornelius J. 
Fleishman, Henry 
Friedkin, Israel 



Frugone, Frank L. 
Huntsman, R. F. R. 
Kahn, Max 
Koch, Edward R. 
Lewis, William A. 
Markowitz, Michael N. 
mokarzel, n. a. 
Nix, John W. 
O'Brien, John H. 
O'Brien, Morgan J. 
Oehler, Alfred J. 
Olcott, E. E. 
Park, Dr. William H. 
Pasvolsky, Leo 
Pendleton, Hon. Francis K. 
Ramsay, Clarence J. 
Rockwell, Joseph H. 
Sachs, Mayer 
Sampers, L H. 
TiLFORD, Frank 
TowNE, Charles H. 
Warburg, Felix M. 
Ward, Theodore H. 
West, Henry L. 
Wheeler, Howard 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 

INTENSIFYING THE WAR 

IT obviously is not the intention of this branch of the Mayor's 
Committee to attempt to instruct the intelligent citizens of 
New York, as they generally are well informed on practically 
every phase of the war. The object rather is to intensify the 
salient features of the war, practically bringing it into touch 
with the millions of the city's population so that the Federal 
program can be translated into action by bringing practically 
every citizen within its sphere. 

In these efforts it is obvious that the work early exceeded 
the bounds of the City and expanded into the nation and the 
world by reason of the interest which was almost immediately 
aroused by the hitherto unprecedented effort of New York City. 

Public instruction, as initiated and developed through the 
Mayor's Committee, rests upon two basic ideas. The first 
stands for a more intensive and intimate knowledge of the 
fundamental questions concerning the why and wherefore of 
our entry into the war. In this propaganda the Committee was 
able to give a great extension of influence in New York City 
to the official bulletins and messages in general of the Federal 
authorities in command of war activities at the Capital City, 
by bringing these messages in a better understandable form to 
the great mass of the people in the City of New York. That 
this service was necessary it is only needful to mention that 
more than eighty per cent, of the population of Gotham either 
is foreign-born or directly descended from foreign-born par- 
entage. 

ATMOSPHERE AND MORALE 

The second idea which the Mayor's Committee has endeavored 
to develop and carry through has to do with the maintenance 

lH7l 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

of that patriotic feeling and atmosphere which is so necessary 
for sustaining the morale of the citizenry of the great metrop- 
olis. This was done by the supply of patriotic speakers for 
public meetings, the encouragement of song festivals, parades 
and other great gatherings where the spirit of the people would 
be stirred to self-expression; posters were issued of an artistic 
nature and in lavish quantities, and every known agency was 
employed locally for the purpose of keeping the people fully 
alive to the inceptive idea, development and consummation of 
the war program. 

This Committee works, as its name suggests, in close harmony 
with the Speakers' Bureau of the Mayor's Committee, which 
medium has arranged for many of the large meetings held un- 
der the auspices of the Committee. 

It also has been actively employed with the preparation and 
distribution of the literature issued by the Committee and the 
dissemination of the official governmental bulletins and other 
informative matter concerning the war and the war program in 
general. Useful co-operation has been rendered in this general 
effort by the Committee on Arts and Decorations, whose mem- 
bers have prepared some of the most notable artistic produc- 
tions which have appeared upon the display boards of the 
country. 

Among the great song festivals, which have been inaugu- 
rated and carried through by the Mayor's Committee, may be 
especially mentioned that for the popularization of "The Star- 
Spangled Banner." This was marked by a gathering estimated 
at 20,000 people which listened to a spirited rendition of this 
and other patriotic music from the steps of the City Hall. The 
program of popularization was further carried on by great 
gatherings in the parks throughout Greater New York, and by 
means of the words being shown upon the screens of hundreds 
of moving-picture houses, some of whose audiences were led in 
the singing of the National Anthem by famous vocalists. Nearly 
two millions of copies of "The Star-Spangled Banner" were dis- 
tributed at these meetings or dropped from air-craft flying above 
the city on several occasions. It is no exaggeration to say that 

D48: 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 



millions of people were given a fresh impulse towards not 
alone learning the National Anthem but for living its senti- 
ments as the result of these unexampled efforts. 

SERVICE BY WAR CHORUSES 

Encouragement has been given steadily by the Mayor's Com- 
mittee to Community Music, which has been described as being 
an effort to measure all musical endeavor by the standards of 
usefulness to the great social body. This movement has been 
immensely developed throughout the country by the War 
Choruses which are held in many places, and it is giving a new 
opportunity to every person for free and frequent participa- 
tion in music, especially in chorus singing with great groups 
of people. Noted leaders of New York City and elsewhere 
have freely given their services in the spirit by which the 
Mayor's Committee has endeavored to foster this promising 
development. 

Inspired by the great success gained in New York and other 
cities, community singing is now becoming a feature in many 
municipalities throughout the United States of America. 
Phonographs supplied with records are in some cases shipped 
from place to place for small communities; some universities 
supply musical entertainment free or at low cost to the sur- 
rounding districts; municipal organ recitals are held in public 
halls, etc.; municipal or civic song contests are inaugurated, and 
folk songs are encouraged on the part of foreign-language com- 
munities. A number of elaborate demonstrations were held at 
Central Park, Prospect Park, and other places about New York 
City in connection with Flag Day, 1918, and on other patriotic 
occasions. Where such success is attained, it suggests that 
there are immense possibilities along these lines of civic en- 
deavor. 

The spirit of the civic revival of music is reflected by definite 
progress in seasonal work in many cities. Atlanta, Pittsburgh, 
and Portland, Maine, provide public organs and organists. In 
the latter place concerts are given daily in the summer at the 

nnpll 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

new Portland Auditorium. On Sunday in winter the Music 
Commission also plans programs including congregational sing- 
ing and addresses. To Pittsburgh belongs the credit of being 
the pioneer city to provide public organ recitals, and the muni- 
cipality of Boston gives the people worthy orchestral concerts, 
supported out of public funds, to supplement the privately 
sustained Symphony Orchestra. 



MAYOR'S CONCERTS AND OTHERS 

Cleveland, Denver, and Houston, Texas, all realize the im- 
portance of giving the people high-class musical fare, after the 
fashion which has been in practice so long and so successfully 
in foreign cities. 

It is the constant effort of the Mayor's Committee to per- 
manentize this movement for Greater New York by adapting 
it to the varied social conditions which prevail in the City. The 
Mayor's Concerts in the public parks are notable examples of 
what is being accomplished through municipal encouragement. 
It is hoped, however, that much more can be accomplished by 
wise encouragement, and that the already liberal budget for 
music may be expanded for the future. The small city of 
Hutchinson, Kansas, spends about |6ooo yearly on music, and 
on this basis Greater New York should in the course of time be 
able to considerably extend its present appropriation. 

In connection with these endeavors in New York City, the 
Mayor's Committee desires to give special mention to the very 
kind co-operation rendered by the Department of Parks of the 
City of New York; to his Honor the Mayor for his personal 
participation in the various exercises; to several firms of music 
publishers and printers who generously donated the supplies of 
words and music in the face of great mechanical difficulties and 
shortage of help; to the moving-picture houses and theaters for 
their always patriotic co-operation; to the hotels of the City 
for printing the complete text of "The Star-Spangled Banner" 
upon their menus on the special day of this celebration; to the 

ni5o:i 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 



churches and schools, and to hundreds of volunteer workers 
whose self-sacrificing efforts were simply beyond praise. 

"SELLING THE WAR" 

Reinforcing all of these efforts there were great public rallies 
and mass meetings whose object was to present the war in all 
of its aspects and to explain lucidly the various questions which 
were continually arising, especially among the great foreign- 
born population. The coexistent work which was carried on 
for these general problems was of such a nature that the com- 
plete orbit of human understanding was embraced in these 
various activities. In short, the public was "sold to the war," 
to use a popular commercial phrase. 

So important did the Mayor's Committee consider the de- 
velopment of this program of public instruction to be, that it 
was counted as being only secondary in importance to parti- 
cipation in actual warfare. Explanation of what the opportu- 
nity for home service actually meant, and the necessity for 
reciprocal feeling on the part of the people towards the patriotic 
efforts made by the American Government and its Allies, were 
put forward as vital facts in the ultimate success of the nation's 
arms, and secondary only to the sacrifice of life itself. 

Full co-operation was had with other related divisions of the 
Mayor's Committee, such as the Committees on Organized 
Guard, Army and Navy Forces, Entertainment and Reception, 
etc., etc. 

These divisions of the many-sided work of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee rendered most useful service in the arrangement of public 
meetings, receptions and other special activities on the part of 
the leaders of the foreign-born groups of the City. Oftentimes 
these movements developed spontaneously and were brought by 
their able racial committees to the Hall of Records in a highly 
developed state of preparation and practically ready for being 
carried through under the patronage of the Mayor's Committee. 
The development of a sympathetic attitude towards their own 
national desires and the national welfare was a feature of the 

1:150 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

work to which the Mayor's Committee gave unremitting at- 
tention; and among the glorious records of the war there will 
be none of a domestic nature which will stand forth more credi- 
tably than those of America's newly found sons and daughters 
who met a crisis in such a spirit as probably never before was 
shown in any time or any country by an alien and heterogene- 
ous population. 



CHURCH, SCHOOL AND PRESS 

Effective factors towards this happy end were found in the 
churches of all denominations and creeds. The appeals made 
by the Mayor's Committee for the co-operation of the clergy 
and workers met universally with a ready and hearty response. 
Thousands of sermons or pulpit references were made on the 
various features of the work as suggested to these religious 
organizations on the part of the Mayor's Committee; and the 
influence for a permanent and constructive citizenship simply 
cannot be measured in the surprising results which came so 
freely from this source. 

This propaganda for the maintenance of American morale is 
continuing through the churches, schools, the press, and by 
every other means of reaching the individual in his home. 
There are thus reflected in his life the lessons of patriotism, of 
sacrifice, and, if need be, of suffering and death, which have 
been instilled not alone in New York City but throughout the 
country and virtually throughout the world as a result of this 
great war for the freedom of mankind from autocracy. 

The Committee on Public Instruction embraces in its com- 
prehensive program a realization of the necessary means for 
self-expression both of the native-born and foreign-born popu- 
lation. Its endeavor is to crystallize the many and varied 
points of view of the great mixed population into the one and 
necessary vision for meeting upon common ground for the 
fundamental purpose of winning the war. In other words, the 
melting-pot of thought is operating to the one national desire 

1:152] 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 



for victory and the resulting indissolubility of thought on the 
purpose, action and result of the war. 

To carry out these purposes with full success is the raison 
d'etre of the Committee on Public Instruction. 

FOR BUSINESS PEOPLE 

Many millions of dollars have been expended by private and 
public enterprise upon the libraries of Greater New York. Not- 
withstanding the lavish generosity for public culture, the 
Mayor's Committee feels that but a small proportion of the 
citizenry takes any real advantage of this notably liberal ar- 
rangement for their benefit. This is probably the fault of the 
public, for a survey shows that the average public librarian and 
his assistants are eager to serve the people as a whole, and to 
assist business men, among others, in the solution of special 
questions which have arisen in connection with the great war. 

One has but to look at the advertisements in the daily press 
and the magazines to realize that in America there has arisen 
in recent years a new type of business literature. As a result 
to-day there are available in public libraries, monographs on 
practically every phase of business activity, with the possible 
exception of the most recent developments in the field of war. 
The encouragement of business and professional men and 
women to use these advantages, by means of the excellent 
bibliography on business subjects which has been prepared by 
the Public Library system in New York, is, therefore, one of the 
efforts of the Mayor's Committee. 

Thousands of commercial and professional manuals are 
available in New York for consultation in the easiest and most 
rapid manner possible. It is urged that all members of the 
Committee should first of all familiarize themselves with the 
facilities which exist at their nearest public library; and then 
make known to their business and other acquaintances the 
wealth of useful information which awaits the applicant who 
will expend a little time and trouble. It is suggested also that, in 
the Chambers of Commerce and other business and personal or- 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

ganizations in the five boroughs, there should gradually be built 
up a library of business in such form that it will be of maximum 
service to the membership of such a body. 

BUILDING YOUNG CITIZENS 

Civics, as a feature of high-school instruction, have been given 
a place of increasing prominence in recent years. The Mayor's 
Committee has before it suggestions concerning additional 
courses in such practical subjects as Fire Prevention, Municipal 
Finance, and more definite teachings regarding Health and 
General Sanitation. The effort is that New York children can 
more definitely be directed along the lines of stamp collecting, 
cutting pictures and articles from magazines and newspapers, 
and making lantern slides illustrating civic conditions. 

It is desired by the Committee that work should be estab- 
lished dealing with every type of civic instruction, as a direct 
inspiration, not alone to the younger collector, but to his par- 
ents and the community as a whole. In those cities where suc- 
cess has been attained in putting the civic idea effectively 
before the people, the results have been accomplished by means 
of a visualization of the subject by civic motion pictures and 
by other illustrative means. 

It is recognized that there is a tremendous opportunity for 
developing the civic forces throughout Greater New York and 
the country. The vital thing in civic instruction is not alone 
in the school-house, but by bringing the school-house into the 
homes of the pupils. Notable success has already been attained 
in New York City by parent-teacher organizations, where the 
parents come right into the schools and work in co-operation 
with the teachers in solving the problems of the individual 
school child. It has been noted that the foreign elements of the 
population show special enthusiasm and aptitude on these 
matters. 

It is at last recognized that in the successful dealing with the 
school child only about 30% of the problem is educational, and 
that the great proportion of real instruction has to do with the 

ni543 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 



physical, ethical and moral sides of the child's nature. This 
parent-teacher movement is working successfully in several sec- 
tions of the metropolis, and is an advance which deserves defi- 
nite help. Existing means of help for the teachers, parents and 
children appear to be inadequate, and representations are being 
made for a better understanding of the needs of the day and the 
possibilities of improvement when those needs are met. 



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COMMITTEE ON RETAIL INDUSTRIES 

This Committee has cognizance of all matters relating 

to retail industries, their development and 

control, and kindred subjects. 



Michael Friedsam 
Chairman 

Harris A. Dunn 

Vice-Chairman 

Leslie Graff 
Executive Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Cooke, Robert Grier Moore, John C. 

Dreicer, Michael Murphy, P. F. 

EiLERT, Ernest F. Rothschild, Simon 

Marble, W. A. Stewart, Louis 



MEMBERS 



Ayres, Steven B. 
Benedict, Henry Harper 
Billings, Charles M. 
Blumstein, L. M. 
CoHN, Edward R. 
CoRwiNE, William R. 
Cowperthwait, J. Howard 
Cromwell, Lincoln 
Cumnock, A. J. 
Elsberg, Nathaniel A. 
Emery, Joseph H. 
Flagg, Ernest 
FoREN, George W. 
Ham mitt, Walter 
Hanan, N. W. 
Heilbroner, Louis 
Henry, W. Hamilton 
Holmes, Edwin T. 
Keogan, p. J. 
Koch, W. T. 



KuNz, George F. 
Lewis, Edward B. 
Lines, Harvey K. 
LoRSEN, Arthur 
Maynard, Walter E. 
Murphy, Peter J. 
NoRDEN, Mortimer 
O'Flaherty, James, Jr. 
Olsen, John A. 
Plimpton, G. A. 
Pringle, J. 
Robinson, Powhatan 
Roche, Edward 
Rothschild, Meyer D. 
Slayton, E. C. 
Stern, Louis 
Straus, Jesse I. 
Thorley, Charles 
Wallach, Samuel 
Wise, Edward 



COMMITTEE ON RETAIL INDUSTRIES 

CONSERVING MAN POWER 

IN the present emergency it is absolutely necessary that the 
country's resources be used to full advantage to aid in carry- 
ing on the war. This requires that all unnecessary services shall be 
eliminated in retail trade as well as in other lines of business. 
... A careful study made by the Commercial Economy Board 
has indicated that more than 100,000 men are needlessly em- 
ployed in retail delivery service in the United States. 

"The elaborate service now rendered by many merchants 
may be permitted in times of peace, but it can have no rightful 
place in a war-time program. . . . These are critical times. 
The nation faces a serious situation. 

"The Commercial Economy Board points out to retail mer- 
chants how they can help. It calls upon all retail merchants 
everywhere for prompt, patriotic co-operation in adjusting their 
business in accordance with the national need." 

PROMPT AND CHEERFUL RESPONSE 

This message came through from the War Industries Board at 
Washington to the Committee on Retail Industries of the 
Mayor's Committee on National Defense as the recognized unit 
of that Board for New York City. It was realized that condi- 
tions in the national metropolis are naturally much more com- 
plicated than in smaller places where a unified system of 
deliveries had already been put into effect; but prompt action 
was taken when the matter was brought to the attention of New 
York retail interests on a patriotic basis. 

Conferences were held with the Retail Dry Goods Associa- 
tion, the Fifth Avenue Association, the Broadway Association, 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

and in other influential directions; and without exception a 
prompt and cheerful response was made by such commercial 
bodies to the approaches made by the Mayor's Committee. 



NEW BUSINESS RULES 

Circulars were issued by these and other organizations and 
large display advertisements were inserted in the city newspa- 
pers late in June, 1918. These costly announcements have been 
repeated frequently by individual firms since that time. The 
request was made that merchants should immediately adopt the 
following rules in the conduct of their business: 

( 1 ) The restriction of deliveries to not more than one trip a 
day over each route. 

(2) Limiting to three days the time a customer may retain 
merchandise in order to enjoy the return privilege. 

(3) The restriction of special deliveries. 

While the merchants who voluntarily adhered to this request 
from the Government are deserving of great credit, no less credit 
is due to the general public, which almost without exception ac- 
cepted these revolutionary rulings in an admirable spirit of 
co-operation and helpfulness. 

The new system is intended to apply to dry-goods and cloth- 
ing establishments, department stores, grocery stores and every 
other line of trade where man power can be conserved. On the 
recommendation of the War Industries Board no campaign was 
made by the merchants of New York City to induce retail buy- 
ers to carry home their own packages. Formal announcement 
of the new plans by the great merchants seemed to be all that 
was necessary to cause customers generally to carry their own 
packages, thus reverting to the old "cash and carry" plan. 

Reports not alone from New York City but from more than 
thirty of the large cities of the country showed that the public 
almost automatically co-operated by carrying home a large 
number of packages. This increase averaged within a short 
time 44%, and the new system soon saved approximately 35% 
of the number of men engaged in delivery and also saved 40% 

n 160:1 



COMMITTEE ON RETAIL INDUSTRIES 



in automobiles. It is believed that if a national survey were 
made at the present time these percentages would be substan- 
tially increased. 

Leading New York City stores gave prominence to the new 
regulations in their announcements, and the following advertise- 
ment was carried by the leading metropolitan dailies: 



NOTICE 
THE WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

desirous of conserving man power, calls upon the 

RETAIL MERCHANTS OF 
NEW YORK 

to adopt the following rules in the conduct of 
their business: 

1. The restriction of deliveries to not more than one 
trip a day over each route. 

2. Limiting to three days the time a customer may 
retain merchandise in possession in order to enjoy 
the return privilege. 

3. The restriction of special deliveries. 

The co-operation of the public is invited in the en- 
forcement of this Government request. 

Early morning shopping will facilitate the adoption 
of these rulings. 

Committee on Retail Industries 

of the Mayor's Committee on National Defense 

Hall of Records, New York City 

Henry MacDonald, Director-General 
M. Friedsam, Chairman E. P. Gaston, Secretary 



ni6o 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



AVOIDING INDUSTRIAL DISLOCATION 

By limiting the return of merchandise so that an article is not 
in the possession of the purchaser for more than three days, by 
cutting out needless C. O. D.'s and requiring a deposit on all 
C. O. D. transactions, as well as by eliminating special deliv- 
eries, a large amount of unnecessary work has been saved by 
the operation of this national conservation program. As the 
extensive pre-war service was curtailed, the men relieved from 
handling it have been released for other departments in the 
same stores. This whole plan has helped many merchants to 
meet their own problems. Through this means the govern- 
mental needs have also been met, because it has not been neces- 
sary to replace men taken for military service with men with- 
drawn from manufacturing or other productive industries. 

The adoption of the Federal program by the great merchants 
of New York City is proving a substantial help in continuing 
these saving measures in other parts of the country where busi- 
ness men were inclined to wait and see what New York mer- 
chants would do. 

The recommendations from Washington were that one deliv- 
ery a day be adopted by stores in all towns of more than 2500 
inhabitants. A later report indicated that details have been 
worked out and the plans successfully practised for several 
months in about 300 towns in 45 states, affecting a total popu- 
lation of more than 24,000,000. It was freely predicted, how- 
ever, that such a plan as this would not be workable at all in 
large cities such as New York or Chicago; that it would require 
a force of men, automobiles, horses and wagons about twice as 
large as the ordinary force attached to any of the large stores 
in such cities as this to attempt to handle all their deliveries on 
the basis of one delivery a day. Even then it was claimed that 
the chances would be that the delivery departments in the large 
stores would frequently become clogged, just as railways be- 
come clogged with freight. 

These predictions, however, would seem to be unfounded by 

1:162] 



COMMITTEE ON RETAIL INDUSTRIES 



the originality which was shown on the part of New York mer- 
chants in adapting the method to the complicated require- 
ments of the world's greatest city. 

NOTABLE PUBLIC ADVANTAGES 

The ultimate advantage to the public in lessened costs is well 
shown by a recent study in retail cartage costs in the city of 
Washington by the Census Bureau. This showed that for 
bakery products the percentage of delivery costs to gross sales 
averaged 19.8; for ice cream, 14,9; for coal and wood, 15.2; for 
ice, 45.6; for food products as a whole, 7.4. How many men 
and boys are employed in the entire country in retail deliveries 
and how much they cost actually no one knows, but both figures 
would evidently be very large. A department store in a large 
city on the Atlantic seaboard, acting with other department 
stores, recently cut its regular deliveries from three to one a day 
and found that instead of twenty delivery trucks it needed only 
fourteen. The store had lost a number of elevator men, ware- 
housemen and packers through the draft, but by simplifying its 
delivery service in line with the official recommendations it was 
spared the necessity of bidding against a near-by munition 
plant, neighboring farms and other vital industries for substi- 
tutes. The vacant places were filled instead with the released 
delivery men and boys. The employees were released from 
work on an average of an hour and a half earlier, and the store 
was enabled to meet the increasing demand for lower prices by 
means of the savings thus made. 

INCREASING EFFICIENCY ALL ROUND 

In a general way many suggestions for increasing efficiency 
have been made to the Committee on Retail Industries by men 
who see how badly New Yorkers still do many things. Some of 
these proposals have been taken under consideration, while 
others are obviously impracticable for the present time. 

It has been suggested that the retail industries could organize 
their employees, male and female, into military and semi-mili- 

1:1633 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

tary units which may be used as adjuncts to the organized 
guards in case of necessity. The men could act as guards for 
the protection of buildings, etc., in case of an air raid or attack 
from the sea, while the women could serve as nurses in extem- 
porized hospitals, etc. It is believed that with employees thus 
organized much of the lack of morale and esprit de corps which 
goes hand in hand with war conditions of temporary employ- 
ment can be corrected. Moreover, an organization of em- 
ployees is especially necessary where there is a possibility of 
panic, due to riots or other disturbances. 

THE ZONING SYSTEM 

Experts on city planning are practically agreed that it is an 
advantage to group in central districts the retail establishments 
of such a city as New York, excepting such as relate perhaps to 
the distribution of food supplies. The particular advantage of 
grouping industries, whether retail or otherwise, is found in the 
fact that it facilitates shopping and regulates the disturbing 
and deteriorating influence of shops where located in residential 
sections. The question of grouping industries, otherwise zoning, 
has heretofore been considered by city authorities, by the legis- 
lature and by various associations. Laws have been passed re- 
lating to the subject and much good has been done. Neverthe- 
less, demands have been made many times on the part of 
property owners to break down the zoning system, and the 
Mayor's Committee is giving this matter serious consideration 
for the good of the retail industries and the city's interests at 
large. 

The war already has effected many changes in retail indus- 
tries in New York and other cities throughout the country. 
The smaller industries, trades and retail shops have in many 
instances been forced to suspend, thus driving business into the 
larger department stores. It is believed that cognizance should 
be taken of this tendency and endeavors be made to bring 
about improved relations in the various business interests with 
the object of stabilizing trade. Suppression of questionable 

ni643 



COMMITTEE ON RETAIL INDUSTRIES 



practices on the part of any tradesmen should be given effective 
consideration, so that the stores which, for instance, conformed 
with the Mayor's Committee program of saving man power, 
should not be penalized for their loyalty. 

The demand for labor, male and female, has been increased 
tremendously by war conditions, with the result that the best 
type of clerks oftentimes have given up their employment in 
the retail industries for better temporary remuneration else- 
where. This has resulted in considerable demoralization among 
employees, with the result that in many cases lack of efficiency, 
intelligence, tidiness and honesty is manifest — dishonesty in the 
sense that their efforts are not profitable to themselves or their 
employers and thus they receive compensation without giving 
an adequate return. The public also in turn suffers and discon- 
tent and irritability in some cases has been engendered against 
shopkeepers, which is neither for the benefit of the public nor the 
tradesmen. It is suggested that this matter might be looked 
into with the hope of lessening this evil and increasing the 
efficiency of the employees and the service of retail industry in 
general. 

WAR READJUSTMENTS 

War has caused the curtailment of credits. This curtailment in 
many instances has been unwisely applied. The financial re- 
sponsibility of those who used credit in many cases was not 
impaired, but nevertheless failures have occurred repeatedly 
through the unintelligent handling of this service problem. 

Retail industries generally, since the war began, have been 
limited to a large extent by standards of a domestic origin. It 
might be of interest to distributors in New York, as elsewhere, 
to take up the question of American standardization, which 
could be reached by manufacturing concerns before their prod- 
ucts are offered for distribution, in order that our domestic ar- 
ticles will compare favorably with the character of the goods 
heretofore manufactured in foreign countries. Nations like 
Germany, France and Great Britain have powerful organiza- 
tions working for unity in the development of industries and 

[165] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

relating not merely to the quantity of output of the industries 
but to the uniform standard of the goods produced. It is feared 
that following the war there may be a great diminution of retail 
business in America, with the trade possibly going to foreign 
countries, if the fact is not recognized here that there may be a 
gradual and growing deterioration of character in certain 
goods offered for sale. From the foregoing one may gain an 
idea of some of the problems which are engaging the attention 
of the Committee on Retail Industries and its related interests. 



1:1663 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions relating 

to risks and insurance within the City of New 

York and adjacent territory, growing 

out of war conditions. 



George R. Branson 
Chairman 

Darwin P. Kingsley 

V ice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE committee 

Ballard, Sumner . Eidlitz, Otto M. 
Cram, J. Sergeant Hoey, James J. 

Dix, William Frederick Snow, Elbridge G. 

Edwards, Charles Jerome Stabler, Walter 



MEMBERS 



Adrian, George M. 
Allen, Edward W. 
AxMAN, Clarence 
Ball, Wilbur L. 
Behning, Albert 
Bolton, William H. 
BooDY, Chas. a. 
Brennan, William R. 
Cody, Frederick 
Cohn, Edward R. 
Cragen, John M. 
Dayton, Charles W. 
De Bracke, Pierre R. 
Douglas, William Harris 
DwiGHT, Edmund 
Ellison, Bennett 
Ernst, Bernard M. L. 
Fowler, Thomas P. 
Fox, Robert J. 
Frank, Edgar E. 



Gerli, Joseph 
Graham, Sigsbee 
Hamilton, W. J. 
Hammond, Ogden H. 
Huff, Perez F. 
Joyce, William B. 
Lalanne, Charles E. 
Levine, Samuel W. 
Lunger, John B. 
Lustig, Maxwell 
McGuire, Cornelius A. 
Payne, George E. 
Flatten, John W. 
Rayens, Michael W. 
Richards, E. O. 
Schneider, Samuel R. 
Smith, Clement H. 
Wack, George 
Wolfe, Lee J. 

WOLLMAN, BeNJ. F. 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 

CITY FIRE ZONING 

IT is estimated that seventy per cent, of the buildings in the 
City of New York, as in other American cities, are of poor 
construction and tending to decay. The fire risk is increasing. 
Attempts have been made to decrease the risk by building laws 
and by the provision in New York of the best Fire Department 
in the world; but the laws do not go far enough. Provision 
should be made to zone the city, so that in case of a general 
conflagration the destruction could be limited to a definite 
zone. 

The peculiar situation of New York, frequency of high winds, 
etc., make the risk very great. The risk is further enhanced by 
carelessness on the part of the people, as well as dishonesty on 
the part of certain of the population. It is believed that there 
could be incorporated with the Fire Department an efficient de- 
partment of inspection, the duty of which would be to carry out 
periodic inspections of zones within the city, with the object 
of preventing fire risks. 

In many of the European cities inspection is carried out by 
paid and unpaid officers, the paid officers being technical ex- 
perts and the unpaid men citizens whose duty it is to see that no 
political or financial interest is used to affect the work of in- 
spection. The fire losses in the City of New York are enormous 
and appear to be disproportionate to those of other great cities. 
Fire losses being economic losses which hurt the business of 
the City, serious attention is being paid to lessening these ele- 
ments of danger. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT EXEMPTIONS 

Among the special activities of the Committee on Risks and 
Insurance have been the consideration of pleas of the Fire Com- 

C169:] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

missioner and Chief of the Fire Department towards exempt- 
ing the present members of the Fire Department from draft 
service; and also, to urge the right of priority for the securing 
of fire apparatus and materials necessary to repair their present 
equipment. The Committee sent representatives to Washing- 
ton, where a hearing was had before the Priority Board. 

Success was attained in having the Priority Board agree to 
assign fire equipment to Class A6, which is a little below the 
class of munitions, but with the proviso that all the equipment 
ordered must be "absolutely necessary." In connection with 
this hearing, the War Priority Board acted on the testimony 
that New York piers, holding valuable and highly inflammable 
cargoes, were endangered by lack of sufficient fire protection. 
Fire Commissioner Thomas J. Drennan of New York, Fire 
Chief John Kenlon of New York, and Chiefs Murphy and 
Emerich of Philadelphia and Baltimore, respectively, repre- 
sented the firemen of the United States and Canada in these 
hearings, their appointment having been made at the Chicago 
Convention of International Fire Engineers, which was held in 
June, 19 1 7. 

The subject of deferred classification for firemen and their 
exemption from draft was also taken up with Provost-Marshal- 
General Crowder, and a hearing was held and the expectation 
is that New York City firemen will be placed in Class 3, as 
being engaged in an occupation essential to the conduct of 
the war. 



MEETING WAR CONDITIONS 

Among other features of work that have been suggested for 
the Committee on Risks and Insurance are the following: 

War conditions have brought about many changes in do- 
mestic and commercial life which do not exist in times of 
peace, such as incendiary fires, explosions in manufacturing 
plants and the like, due partially to the acts of alien enemies, 
and partially to carelessness and lack of supervision. These 
risks must be assumed and proper protection afforded. By the 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 



word risks are included not only risks to life and property, but 
its effect on business in general. The Government has under- 
taken to provide against risks in shipping and the lives of sol- 
diers and sailors, but has made little or no provision for what 
may be termed domestic risks. This Committee has been asked 
to study that situation more carefully. 

Problems arising in anticipation of attack by the enemy are 
being considered, and efforts to provide against and minimize 
the damage and suffering are being worked out. By acting in 
co-operation with the Fire Department, the national and state 
organizations regarding fire risks, life risks, etc., as well as 
some of the other special committees of the Mayor's Commit- 
tee on National Defense, provision should be possible against 
serious conflagrations, explosions and other destructive influ- 
ences, and to minimize the suffering that might be occasioned 
thereby. The suggestion is being considered that this Com- 
mittee should approach the various existing national groups 
resident in this cosmopolitan city, and that each group be 
asked to organize fire protective brigades, which could co-oper- 
ate with the Fire and Police Departments when required. 

Hearings have been held at which the Commissioner and 
Chief of the New York Fire Department have appeared and 
explained the various methods they are taking or anticipate 
taking to augment the regular service of the New York Fire 
Department in these emergencies. 

UNUSUAL WAR PROBLEMS 

The request has also been made that this Committee investi- 
gate relative liability of individuals, owners, risks and in- 
surance associations, and study all conditions and unusual 
problems growing out of the present war. This includes the 
question of liability of fire insurance companies for injuries re- 
ceived by non-combatants by reason of acts of resident alien 
enemies and plans for handling the various questions of that 
kind as they may arise. 
A very exhaustive report has recently been issued by this 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Committee in folder form. This is being widely distributed 
throughout the United States, inviting the attention of the gen- 
eral public to the conditions referred to therein, and suggesting 
that the conservation of life and property by fire prevention 
safeguards is one of the ways in which everyone can materially 
contribute towards winning the war. A copy of this report 
here follows : 



THE WAR'S EFFECT ON FIRE HAZARD 

Few people stop to realize what a vastly important bearing 
the small hazard has on the annual fire waste in the United 
States. During the year 191 6 our national fire loss amounted 
to about $214,530,995, 90 per cent, of which was apparently 
due to avoidable causes. And yet this menace proceeds with 
its destructive work seemingly unhampered, showing a radical 
increase during the year 191 7, when the fire waste amounted 
to $250,753,640 — greater than that of 191 5 by $78,720,440 or 
nearly 50 per cent. 

That there has been a correspondingly tremendous increase 
in fire hazard in the United States during the past two years is 
obviously indicated by this startling loss record. Much of this 
increase appears to he justly attributable directly or indirectly 
to war conditions now existing, and the most alarming part of 
it all is that conditions do not seem to be improving. Such a 
development, especially at a time when our country is so sorely 
in need of all available pecuniary assistance and the public in 
general is adopting all sorts of economic measures, is deplor- 
able and must be checked and, if possible, entirely overcome. 
While the situation is indeed serious, the outlook, however dis- 
couraging to those who have been in touch with the facts and 
have for some time been making desperate effort to counteract 
this excessive fire waste, is not altogether hopeless, for desired 
results will surely follow concerted, energetic co-operation be- 
tween the public, which is so vitally interested, and all fire fight- 
ing, fire prevention, insurance, military, municipal and welfare 
agencies. With this thought in mind, the Committee on Risks 

D72:] 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 



and Insurance of the Mayor's Committee on National Defense 
has endeavored to point out briefly a few instances of avoidable 
hazard increase that have come to its attention, hoping to 
awaken public interest in the matter. 

THE LABOR SITUATION 

The shortage of labor, due to the war, has been the indirect 
cause of a large increase in fire hazard. As many of the most 
efficient employees in the various industrial and commercial es- 
tablishments throughout the country joined the colors in defense 
of our country's cause, their places were filled by others, many 
of whom are not only less efficient but grossly inefficient, which 
means a corresponding increase in fire risk incurred by poor and 
careless workmanship. When vacancies cannot be filled owing 
to scarcity of help, economy of labor follows, the force of which 
naturally is felt most by the process or occupation least affect- 
ing the output of the plant — the general management and clean- 
liness and care of fire-fighting equipment usually suff'ering the 
most. 

The tremendous efi'ect of such a condition on fire hazard can 
hardly be overestimated. Rubbish accumulations awaiting a 
carelessly thrown match, lighted cigar or cigarette, or igniting 
spontaneously; neglected hot ashes, lawless smoking, careless 
handling of dangerous supplies and materials, etc., are a few of 
the dangers. Fire pumps, tanks and other sources of water sup- 
ply for automatic sprinkler systems have not been properly 
maintained; defective or leaky valves and fittings have robbed 
many systems of their value, permitting fires to burn them- 
selves out, gutting entire plants that otherwise would have been 
saved had the sprinklers been properly cared for; empty and 
neglected fire pails, worthless chemical extinguishers, defective 
standpipes and hose connections, missing nozzles, etc., have all 
resulted from this same cause. Especially is this the case in 
plants where war necessity has increased the output, all eff'orts 
being directed toward producing the maximum in merchandise 
at sacrifice of the proper care of fire-fighting equipment. 

D73n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



OVERTIME WORK DANGERS 

The great demand for war material and supplies has been the 
cause of other hazards, such as the temporary neglect of ma- 
chinery and equipment, which is hastily dismantled or thrown 
aside to make room for other equipment immediately neces- 
sary. The sections of plants generally used for storage of such 
dismantled equipment frequently become a nest of miscellane- 
ous objects mingled with oily rags, waste, waste papers and 
other rubbish, subject more or less to spontaneous combustion. 
Another condition of hazard increase is overtime work. In an 
elTort to complete special work and lured by double pay, em- 
ployees have been induced to work eighteen to twenty-four hours 
at a stretch without rest or sleep. It is, of course, impossible 
to maintain efficiency in workmanship and care under such con- 
ditions. 

A few hazardous developments noted in various risks are as 
follows : 

STORAGE WAREHOUSES 

Crowded conditions generally obtain and proper aisles be- 
tween stock piles are not carefully maintained. Loose packing 
material and rubbish are scattered about and allowed to ac- 
cumulate in most dangerous places, such as the bottom of ele- 
vator shafts and in engine and motor rooms. Fire doors at 
communications and fire checks at floor openings are allowed 
to become obstructed or generally defective. 

MACHINE SHOPS 

General indifference seems to prevail in machine shops in 
relation to important hazards such as gasoline torches, oxy- 
acetylene blowpipe outfits, forges, mufflers and other temporary 
soldering and brazing equipment which are carelessly handled 
and used rather than take the time to install same properly. 
Rush to turn out orders, making new lines of merchandise to 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 



meet present demand, and overtime work, with their attending 
dangers, careless smoking, washing in benzine, dangerous light- 
ing arrangement, neglected rubbish, oily metal shavings and 
waste, are frequently prevalent. 

MANUFACTURING CLOTHIERS AND ALLIED 
INDUSTRIES 

A MARKED increase in untidiness prevails in this class of es- 
tablishments. General housecleaning is seldom done these 
days, the sweeper usually doing the work faster by keeping the 
aisles clean and neglecting the vital and most dangerous parts, 
such as dark and unused corners, under benches and machine 
tables, in beltways, motor boxes, etc. 

STORES, DWELLINGS, APARTMENT HOUSES AND 
LIGHT MERCANTILE ESTABLISHMENTS 

A GENERAL survey of various buildings in this classification dis- 
closed an untidy condition, especially in cellars, dumbwaiter 
and elevator shafts, boiler and motor rooms where rubbish is 
allowed to accumulate. Branch lines of electric wiring were 
found in some places tacked to woodwork or hung in contact 
with metal by careless workmen. 

FIRE DEPARTMENTS 

Fire departments are generally handicapped by the inability to 
secure and retain a sufficient number of trained and experienced 
men. 

FREIGHT CONGESTION AND SHIPPING 
DIFFICULTIES 

Freight congestion and shipping difficulties that have been felt 
throughout the country since the beginning of the war have had 
a very serious effect in increasing fire hazards. Warehouses are 
filled to a dangerously crowded degree, segregating enormous 
values in one fire risk. So heavy is the storage business in large 

D75: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

seaboard cities that many buildings of inferior construction and 
unsuited to sucli occupancy from a fire hazard point of view 
have been converted into storage warehouses. The general 
housekeeping in warehouses at the present time is far below nor- 
mal. The fact that manufacturers, jobbing houses, wholesale 
and retail stores are at times unable to secure their supplies or 
reship their merchandise on schedule time has a general ten- 
dency to induce fire hazard in a moral and physical sense, owing 
to loss of business through disappointed customers and the in- 
ability to fulfil contracts. 

HANDLING OF EXPLOSIVES 

Too much care and precaution cannot be given to the storage, 
handling and shipping of dangerous chemicals, acids and ex- 
plosives. The recent Halifax disaster was a costly result of the 
shipping of highly inflammable hydrocarbon and T. N. T. on 
the same craft at the same time. 

FUEL SITUATION 

The fuel situation is very far reaching in its effect on the fire 
hazard, especially when there is a coal famine during a cold sea- 
son such as we had last winter, when nearly all classes of risks 
throughout the country were more or less afi'ected. Necessity 
in the matter of heat is a breeder of carelessness and indifi'erence 
which knows no limit. In the poorer class of dwellings, for 
example, fuel wood was frequently piled under, back of, and 
close to the sides of stoves. In many cases the draft doors of 
stoves are kept open and when pieces of wood are too large to be 
received inside of the fire box, one end is left protruding through 
the open lid, emitting sparks and flame into the room. This 
wood was largely waste material consisting of old lumber, 
broken cases, barrels and boxes, picked up or collected where 
possible, quite likely to be saturated with highly inflammable 
secretions. Hot-air furnaces, steam and hot-water heaters were 
found surrounded by carelessly piled wood, sometimes in con- 
tact with the smoke-pipes. 

1:1763 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 



The dangers attending the use of wood as a coal substitute 
are very severe. Its fuel value is equal to about half that of 
coal. As it is much lighter than coal and double the amount is 
required to give an equal amount of heat, much more fuel must 
be,handled. On the other hand, wood by nature is far more in- 
flammable than coal, and the flames often extend several feet 
from the seat of the fire, while the flame of coal is usually quite 
the reverse. Therefore, with the wood fuel in use, smoke-pipes, 
quickly become heated to an intensely dangerous degree, pre- 
senting hazards in this respect infinitely greater than those in- 
curred by the use of coal. It is because of this fact that coal 
heaters in many instances are not proper or safe for wood. 
Roaring wood fires have been found in ordinary ash cans in 
large, crowded loft buildings, closely exposing flimsy, highly in- 
flammable materials, while hundreds of kerosene and gasoline 
stoves were pressed into service. 



APARTMENT HOUSE RISKS 

In modern steam-heated apartment houses, unable to obtain 
coal, the tenants relieved the situation by the use of portable oil 
or gas heaters. Many such heaters have been in use danger- 
ously close to curtains, tapestry, woodwork and other inflam- 
mable material. The severe dangers in such cases are obvious, 
especially as the heaters are almost certain to be left burning 
without an attendant. 

Another very important factor in a fuel shortage emergency, 
one of grave importance, is its efi^ect on fire protection appara- 
tus in extremely cold weather, especially automatic sprinkler 
equipments. During the past winter New York City sufi'ered 
very severely in this respect. Most of our sprinklered risks were 
threatened with freezing because of insufficient heating due to 
the lack of fuel. Many equipments were rendered temporarily 
useless because of frozen valves, fittings, piping, etc., while 
others were severely damaged, some almost to the point of ruin ; 
and when damage did result, in many instances repairs could 

ni773 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

not be made for months, owing to the inability to secure suffi- 
cient help and the materials and supplies necessary to make re- 
pairs. It is obviously possible to eliminate practically all of 
the extra hazards attending a coal famine by a little forethought 
and precautionary measure, either by providing sufficient coal 
when it is available to last through the winter months or by the 
installation of proper equipment for a suitable substitute be- 
forehand. 

We earnestly invite the attention of the general public to the 
conditions referred to in this report and suggest that the conser- 
vation of life and property by proper fire prevention safeguards 
is a way in which every one can materially contribute toward 
winning the war. 

FIRE PREVENTION DAY 

New York has so far to go in the way of fire prevention that 
great interest centered about the meeting for the observance 
of Fire Prevention Day, as arranged by the Mayor's Committee 
at the City Hall. The Fire Department of New York City at 
that meeting presented the following concrete suggestions on 
this vital matter: 

The matter of individual responsibility for negligence and 
damage by fire is a matter which the Mayor's Committee has 
endeavored to make effective throughout Greater New York; 
and doubtless in that case the same principle would be adopted 
by other cities. This simply would be an adaptation of the 
plan which is followed in France and other foreign countries 
by which the occurrence of fires has been very greatly reduced. 

Dr. William F. Doyle, Chief of Fire Prevention Bureau, gave 
a short outline of the work of this department, emphasizing the 
fact that notwithstanding the depleted ranks, resulting from the 
draft and the influenza, the useful work of fire prevention and 
fire fighting is progressing satisfactorily. He said that it had 
been possible to do this only by the organization of an auxiliary 
volunteer service of three thousand loyal citizens who had per- 
formed great services in assisting the Prevention Bureau to re- 



COMMITTEE ON RISKS AND INSURANCE 



move the causes of fires and also extinguishing them in their 
incipient stage. 

The speaker said that it had been the aim of his department 
to discharge its duties with the least annoyance to citizens and 
property owners, and emphasized the fact that it was the duty 
of every citizen to assist in keeping the city clear of all com- 
bustibles and inflammables that naturally accumulate in yards 
and houses. The system of investigating the conditions of 
factories has been very effective, but the co-operation of manu- 
facturers is absolutely necessary in order to keep down the fire 
waste. 

Fire Commissioner Thomas J. Drennan, in a short address, 
called attention to the depleted ranks of the Fire Department by 
the operation of the draft, 460 of his men having been claimed 
already, although they are under the deferred class. Although 
the present conditions require more firemen than in normal 
times, it had been possible to perform the work of a complete 
department by means of an auxiliary department, and he felt 
that the present fire force is prepared to meet any emergency. 



11179] 



COMMITTEE ON SANITATION 

This Committee has cognizance of all questions affecting 

the health of the city, protection of the health, 

sanitary conditions, etc. 



Charles D. Lanier 

Chairman 

Robert W. de Forest 
Vice-Chair man 

executive committee 

BissELL, Dr. Joseph B. Harriss, John A. 

Dana, Dr. Charles L. Hewitt, Peter Cooper 

Darlington, Dr. Thomas James, Arthur Curtiss 

Delafield, Dr. Bryan Partridge, Dr. Edward L. 



MEMBERS 



Ambler, Dr. A. S. 
Ames, Louis Annin 
Anable, Courtland V. 
Blumensohn, H. J. 

BODEN, p. B. 

Bond, Stephen N. 
Boomer, L. M. 
Boyle, Judge Edward F. 
Chetwood, Dr. Charles H. 
Curtis, William Edmond 
Davis, Gherardi 
Delafield, Joseph L. 
Delatour, Dr. H. Beeckman 
Demorest, William Curtis 
DuFFiELD, Rev. Howard 
DuNPHY, Edward J. 
EiDLiTz, Otto M. 
Enelow, Rabbi Hyman G. 
Eynon, Dr. W. G. 
Farley, Thomas M. 
Farrell, Rev. W. B. 
Findley, William L. 
Fleischman, Henry 
Fleury, Geo. A. 
FoGARTY, William J. 



FoLSOM, Henry T. 
Francolini, Joseph N. 
Fuller, Henry J. 
GiMBEL, Isaac 
Gould, Dr. Everett W. 
Grossman, Rev. Rudolph 
Hafstrom, G. J. 
Hall, Hugh 
Harris, John F. 
Herter, C. S. 
Ledoux, Albert R. 
McCabe, Frank 
McDonnell, James F. 
McGrath, Alfred J. 
Norton, George C. 
O'Brien, Charles J. 
Oseroff, Abraham 
Pearson, John B. 
Phillips, Nathaniel 
Quinn, Peter T. 
Riley, James J. 
Rowan, Joseph 
Savage, Dr. Watson L. 
Schneider, Henry 



COMMITTEE ON SANITATION 

ADDITIONAL FACILITIES NEEDED 

LARGE numbers of people in a great city like New York are 
' lacking in a real knowledge of hygiene. The question of 
prevention of disease is naturally more acute during war 
time by reason of a lax discipline and the breaking down of 
many established customs. The Department of Health has 
done excellent work in meeting the peculiar sanitary conditions 
arising in such a massing of 7,000,000 of people as is found in 
New York City, but there has been felt the need of an addi- 
tional organization which would be able to render assistance 
outside the ordinary orbit of official activities. 

It is with a realization of this need that the Mayor's Com- 
mittee on Sanitation has been organized as an adjunct to the 
other activities of the General Committee. Health interests of 
a special nature have arisen in connection with the war, and 
the after-war features of this subject will be such as to require 
insistent attention for the safeguarding of the health of the 
people against harm. 

The standardization of apparatus and the means for knowl- 
edge along the lines adopted by many European cities is a 
feature which is being given earnest attention. The combating 
of ignorance on the subject of many health-destroying media, 
and the building up of a general knowledge of simple methods 
of -health preservation, are sections toward which special at- 
tention is being directed. Members of the Mayor's Committee 
have made careful study of conditions abroad in the way of 
preventive sanitation, and these methods are being adapted so 
far as possible to American needs. The recent prevalence of 
Spanish influenza in New York City, as in other American 
centers, is an illustration in point showing the need for such 

[183] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

expert examination. It is not improbable that other epidemics 
will follow upon the close of the great war, and the supple- 
mental service of existing bureaus for new means and methods 
of work is a question which is being given immediate attention 
as affecting the health of the City of New York in general. 

One feature which is being given consideration by the Mayor's 
Committee is the matter of fumes and gases coming from the 
industrial plants on the Jersey side of the Hudson River, en- 
dangering the health of the residents of New York City. These 
not alone are proving a detriment to the masses of the people, 
but affect such choice residential sections as Riverside Drive and 
other select localities where such nuisances, if permitted to exist, 
would prove both a damage to health and to property values. 

COPING WITH A CRISIS 

The transition of industrial life from conditions of war to the 
peace program promises also to be a factor in the issues of sani- 
tation which must be met and solved. Great numbers of re- 
turning service men from the fields of war require special 
attention and quarantine arrangements to guard against the 
bringing of diseases which may be prevalent in shipping and 
the other fields of action. It is felt that the Port of New York 
will give a stricter adherence to new measures of health protec- 
tion than are ordinarily required. 

An illustration of the war service program with which the 
Mayor's Committee are co-operating is found in the call given 
to the Committee on Community Councils as an outgrowth of 
action by the Mayor's Committee. This useful organization 
was called upon to render immediate assistance to a multitude 
of neighborhoods throughout Greater New York where no 
adequate official machinery existed for coping with Spanish 
influenza. Action was taken at once on the matter, and a 
thorough organization was made effective within a day or two, 
to the great assistance not alone of the people of New York 
City, but also of the overworked doctors, nurses and hospitals. 

Within the meaning of the operations of the Mayor's Com- 

[:i84n 



COMMITTEE ON SANITATION 



mittee the term "sanitation" means promotion and preservation 
of health by prompt and efficient means. With a population in- 
volving two scores of nationalities or racial groups, it is realized 
that the capacity of the present Health Department may be 
badly strained in giving the attention which this subject de- 
mands in case of a special crisis. 

Lessons are being learned from the European cities which 
have found it necessary to divide their municipalities into 
districts and to put the districts under the supervision of resi- 
dent citizens of those localities. The hygienic supervision of 
such citizens, acting in co-operation with the Health Depart- 
ment, is considered as a civic duty. 

In other words, they keep the Health Department informed 
as to the particular conditions of their districts so that the 
public health shall be maintained as a whole. European cities 
have also found it necessary to appoint extra committees to 
pass on all questions involving apparatus for lighting, heating, 
disposal of sewage, etc. 

CRUSADING FOR CLEANLINESS 

If official supervision is not had as a protective measure in 
favor of the public, immense masses of material of indifferent 
quality is sold to the public, to its detriment. This applies not 
alone to food, clothing and fuel, but to many other articles of 
sale which would have a detrimental effect upon the welfare, 
and consequently upon the health, of the people as a whole. 

The sanitary departments of the majority of European cities 
also have food committees, the duties of which are to look to 
the cleanliness and hygienic alimentation of the public. In- 
vestigations of the Health Board of New York during the past 
two years have shown that a considerable percentage of restau- 
rants are careless as to cleanliness, and that measures for the 
improved preparation of food should be adhered to. Great 
improvements have already been made, but the province of the 
Mayor's Committee is to see that better protection is given to 
the public. The crusades carried on by the Department of 

D853 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Health registered many improvements, but it is felt that the 
work should go on, and possibly intensify, especially in view of 
the present high price of food and the scarcity of experienced 
kitchen and other help by reason of the demands of war. 

GARDENS AND HEALTH 

After many years of a limited experience, it is felt that school 
gardens and war gardens may be introduced more widely and 
eifectively than ever before. The stirring of the soil, the growth 
of vegetation, and the exercise and mental stimulus which are 
given to large sections of the people by the cultivation of the 
earth, have a definite value as a factor in civic sanitation. Physi- 
cal conditions in Manhattan make the gardening enterprise one 
distinctly limited in its scope; but there are plenty of vacant 
plots of ground in most of the other boroughs of the City, and 
it is claimed that New York could be self-supporting as to 
domestic fruits and vegetables if the available land for a mile 
around the City were put under cultivation. 

Denver, Colorado, with a population of only about one- 
fortieth of that of Greater New York, led the list of American 
cities last year with a vegetable crop from war gardens esti- 
mated at |2,ooo,ooo. The total increase in America's agricul- 
tural production in the first year of operation of war gardening 
is computed at $350,000,000, or I3.50 per capita. It is estimated 
by the Mayor's Committee that the cost of raising vegetables 
on one-acre plots of this kind is but about four per cent, of the 
value of the vegetables thus produced. The factor of free labor 
is, of course, counted in the foregoing estimate. 

Holy Writ and other literature which have come down 
through the ages have preached cleanliness as a definite factor 
in righteousness; but for many years the American people were 
slow in realizing the need for collective community cleaning-up, 
as well as personal use of the wash-basin and bath-tub. Last 
year, however, no less than seven thousand communities were 
reported as being thoroughly overhauled and cleaned up in 
America; and through the removal of rubbish and other in- 

1:186] 



COMMITTEE ON SANITATION 



flammable materials a reduction of 1 160,000 in fire insurance 
cost was effected in a single city. The rubbish thus collected 
was turned at once into the production of food through the 
thrift gardens, of which nearly a million are estimated to have 
been planted throughout the United States. 

Many other practical and popular activities were undertaken 
with the calculated purpose of making communities better and 
happier places in which to live. For the first year of this plan, 
19 1 2, one thousand towns and cities were impressed with the 
importance of cleanliness, thrift and civic pride as a measure 
of beautifying homes and towns to make them both sanitary 
and safe. Last year more than seven thousand communities 
came into line through local clean-up campaigns. 

The foreign-born communities, especially in New York, have 
substantially lessened their death-rate and the amount of illness 
by these means. 

COMMUNAL CLEANLINESS 

The Mayor's Committee celebrated at the City Hall Fire 
Prevention Day, and with this stimulus it is hoped that a 
further campaign will be arranged for reducing fire insurance 
risks, rates and fire losses, to conserve and increase property 
values by better means of security; and for increased care gen- 
erally in cleaning up and promptly dealing with all kinds of 
rubbish. 

Features of the foregoing clean-up campaigns, which are 
operative in thousands of places, include the making of vacant 
lots into gardens; the removal of unsightly and unsanitary 
buildings; war on the house fly; the general cleaning up of 
yards and their surroundings; the education of children on fire 
prevention ; the value of certain kinds of vegetation in absorb- 
ing malaria from the soil and atmosphere; the planting of trees 
and shrubs for sanitary purposes, and in general the making of 
more healthful and attractive dwelling and business places. By 
this means there is being developed a definite community spirit 
that makes for a better and more beautiful life all around. 

1:1873 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



WHAT THE RAT COSTS 

The Pied Piper of Hamelin might find useful work to do in New 
York, where hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of damage 
is done yearly by rats and other rodents. The rat peril is a 
menace which is actually with us, and in combating which mil- 
lions of dollars yearly are spent by various countries. Rat 
extermination work is wide-spread both in Europe and America, 
and the need for it is illustrated by the statement that yearly 
losses from rats in the British Isles are $75,000,000 in actual 
property damage; Germany loses $40,000,000; France, $38,- 
500,000; and even a small country like Denmark estimates its 
rat bill at $3,000,000 per year. Estimates regarding the United 
States place the property damage at no less a sum than $35,- 
000,000 yearly. 

The foregoing figures, stupendous as they are, represent but 
one phase of the damage done by this class of vermin, but they 
help one to understand how necessary it has been found by 
various countries to undertake rat extermination after a regular 
plan. In many cases, however, American cities and towns have 
waited for action of this kind to come from the National Gov- 
ernment. The health officer of every community should know 
something of the rat problem and be acquainted with the 
methods for exterminating it. Thus far in America the efforts 
have been sporadic and generally inefi'ective. San Francisco 
has spent hundreds of thousands of dollars in protecting itself 
against rats; New Orleans is said to have spent $25,000 a week 
during a season of quarantine; Philadelphia has ofi^ered a bonus 
of two cents for every dead rat, and five cents for every live one, 
and in the summer of 19 14 employed a chief inspector, six 
sub-inspectors, a bacteriologist and subordinates for patrolling 
the river sections in the city. A receiving station was opened 
where more than five thousand domestic rats and 238 foreign 
rats were received within six months. Other cities which have 
specialized in this direction include Galveston, Seattle, Natchez, 
Mobile, Charleston, Jacksonville and Los Angeles. 



COMMITTEE ON SANITATION 



A NEW PROPOSAL 

It is known that thousands of rats come ashore yearly from 
sea-going vessels, and it is necessary that means should be 
taken to prevent the rats from leaving the ships while in har- 
bor. The most approved preventive in this case is to attach 
circular metal discs to the ships' mooring lines, thus preventing 
the rats from reaching land over the ropes. It is obvious, how- 
ever, that where ships come alongside the docks, as is usually 
the case in New York, additional precautions must be taken. 
Consideration is being given to a proposal originated by the 
Mayor's Committee, by which a ship coming into American 
waters would be required to have a clean bill of health as re- 
gards rats, just as definitely as against contagious diseases or 
other menaces to the safety of the community. It is believed 
that if such legislation were put into effect the extermination 
of rats could be accomplished without difficulty during the 
course of a ship's voyage from a foreign port, thus entailing 
no real hardship upon shipping interests. At the same time 
there would be rendered that protection to the health of New 
York City and the country as a whole to which the community 
is plainly entitled. Any ship which did not pass the required 
test would, of course, be held at Quarantine until it was de- 
clared free from vermin. 

It is believed that the progressive citizens of New York will 
respond to this new efi"ort at gradually decreasing and finally 
eliminating one of the perils to life and property in the City; 
and it is felt that if New York can successfully meet this prob- 
lem an impetus will be given throughout this and other 
countries towards joint collective action. Extensive efforts are 
under contemplation, so that South American, Oriental, Le- 
vantine and other countries will see that it is to their advantage 
to "swat the rat" as a preventive of the spread of bubonic 
plague and the other diseases which they are known to carry. 
The simple proposal to restrict the berthing at New York of 
any ship which is not free from vermin would probably be quite 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

sufficient for practically the world at large to adopt this plan 
of the Mayor's Committee. 

HOUSING AND HEALTH 

Housing arrangements for the industrial classes as a factor 
in community sanitation form a much more complicated prob- 
lem in Greater New York than would be the case in smaller 
cities or suburban communities; but the readjustment of hous- 
ing conditions in the reconstruction period following upon the 
close of the war is a definite piece of constructive work to which 
the Mayor's Committee is giving close attention. 

In at least one hundred communities there are in operation 
schemes for comfortable and sanitary dwellings of low cost for 
the families of workingmen. There is great need for unification 
of efi'ort along these lines, so that progressive groups through- 
out Greater New York, and, in fact, throughout the country, 
can come into, touch with each other for mutual counsel and 
to efi'ect greater economies. Within the confines of Greater 
New York or immediately adjoining, there is an abundance of 
unoccupied land which is excellently adapted for community 
settlements of the industrial classes; but for the improvement 
of the existing city tenement there is still considerable latitude. 
In addition, excellent work has been done for years by the vari- 
ous city departments for the improvement of conditions, under 
private management. 



LiQo] 



COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING AND 
HARBOR DEFENSE 

This Committee has cognizance of all matters relating 

to shipping, piers, defense of shipping and piers, 

and protection of the waterways in the 

vicinity of New York City. 



Joseph P. Grace 

Chairman 

Frank L. Crocker 

V ice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Curtis, F. Kingsbury O'Brien, Joseph J. 

Joyce, Henry L. Patchin, Robert H. 

Kernochan, Frederic Post, James H. 

Moran, Eugene F. Steers, Henry 



MEMBERS 



Agar, John G. 
Barrett, Nicholas J. 
Breed, William C. 
Brown, Lowell H. 
Brown, Willard S. 
Burke, James I. 
comstock, l. k. 
Dearborn, George S. 
DoHERTY, Leo V. 
Doty, Douglas Z. 
Elson, Edwin B. 
Evins, Samuel H. 
Fitzsimmons, Wm. F. 
Flynn, Thomas F. 
Fox, Charles 
Goldsborough, J. B. 
Hartfield, William 
James, H. B. 
KuNHARDT, Henry R. 
Lafrentz, F. W. 



Lord, F. W. 
Mackay, Malcolm S. 
MacLean, Charles F. 
McCarter, R. D. 
Mills, Henry P. 
Nicholas, Grosvenor 
O'Brien, Thomas F. 
Ramsay, Dick S. 
Riordan, Daniel J. 
Schaeffer, Amos 
Seesselberg, Henry A. 
Sterling, G. W. 
Strasbourger, Samuel 
Sullivan, Francis J. 
Ullman, Percival G., Jr. 
Van Sinderen, Howard 
Walker, H. B. 

Wheeler, Dr. Schuyler Skaats 
White, J. G. 
WiLLCox, William G. 



COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING AND 
HARBOR DEFENSE 

TO FACILITATE SHIPPING 

IT is claimed in some quarters that the shipping facilities of 
the City of New York are not yet in keeping with the magni- 
tude of the City's commerce, and that the wharfage and dock- 
ing advantages are relatively inadequate and expensive for 
those engaged in the shipping business. 

A comparison with the docks of Liverpool, London, Ham- 
burg, and of certain French ports will illustrate how the facili- 
ties of New York could still further be improved, as regards the 
necessary docking and mechanical arrangements for handling 
large masses of goods. This alleged lack, if not dealt with, 
would, it is claimed, put a distinct differential against the port 
of New York. Competition for foreign trade will be intense 
after the war, and the aim of this section of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee is that ever34hing possible should be done to facilitate 
shipping operations. 

So far as concerns defense, that is a matter largely for the 
General Government, but one on which the Federal authorities 
will naturally look to the City for some initiative. It is felt that 
New York is not yet adequately protected against aggressive 
warfare either from the sea or from the air, and this matter 
has been given serious and extended consideration. 

The question of the defense of the port of New York has been 
left to the Engineering Board of the Army, but owing to the 
enormous demands upon the Army and Navy at the present 
time it has been impossible for these authorities to give special- 
ized attention to this matter, in view of the tremendous pres- 
sure under which the successful prosecution of the war has been 

IIi93n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

waged. The Committee on Shipping and Harbor Defense has 
taken up the matter with other bodies immediately concerned, 
and some progress has been made for affording ample protec- 
tion in case of attack. 

GUARDING OUR WATERWAYS 

One of the first special committees appointed to function under 
the Mayor's Committee on National Defense was that on Ship- 
ping and Harbor Defense. Its activities in war work have 
proved to be of the utmost importance. 

The arrangement of dockage in the City of New York for 
the purpose of distributing shipping facilities so that the high- 
est efficiency can be obtained was one of its purposes. The 
War, Navy, Quartermaster's and other Government depart- 
ments had taken over many of the docks when the Committee 
was called into being. 

This Committee, acting in co-operation with the Commis- 
sioner of Docks, has advocated the concentration of the docks 
occupied by these Government departments. They thus could 
be conveniently protected by the Government troops, leaving 
the balance of the docks in different units to be protected by 
the City guards or police reserves, both as regards attack by 
alien enemies and protection against disasters by fire. 

Enlargement of the harbor facilities in every way possible 
for the benefit of shipping in this vicinity has also been advo- 
cated. Various tours of inspection have been made by mem- 
bers of the Committee with the Commissioner of Docks to con- 
sider means for enlarging the docking facilities and harbors. 
A new pier has recently been opened for the City of New York 
at Jamaica Bay, and others are expected to be completed there 
and at other places at an early date. 

NEW STEAMER BERTHINGS 

One of the principal activities engaging the attention of this 
Committee is in connection with making way for large ocean- 
going steamers, by transferring the Sound steamers occupying 

D943 




PROPOSED EAST RIVER PIER IMPROVEMENTS AS ENDORSED BY 
THE COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING AND HARBOR DEFENSE 



COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING AND HARBOR DEFENSE 

deep-water piers on the North River to conveniently located 
piers on the East River, These coasting boats, which are not 
deep-draught vessels, have in the past gone around the lower 
portion of Manhattan, proving a menace to shipping, and pass- 
ing the Navy Yard, which is thus exposed to the plain view 
of alien passengers who might be aboard. Thence the boats 
returned all this way and proceeded up the East River to reach 
Long Island Sound. Ample facilities exist for such craft on the 
East River. They thus can shorten their trip, relieve much of 
the congestion now on the v/estern water-front necessary for 
ocean-going steamers, and transfer this traffic to the marginal 
street on the east side, which is little used at present. This pro- 
posal has proved to be quite a task and has met with consid- 
erable opposition because such displacement affects many in- 
terests; but the Committee, on the ground of war necessity, is 
aggressively advocating it and believes that the proposal, while 
entailing considerable hardship, can be carried out. 

A CENSUS OF SEAMEN 

A COMPREHENSIVE ceusus is being considered of all seafaring 
and river men who are domiciled in the City of New York; 
their capacity for labor, class of employment, etc., to be tabu- 
lated so as to make them available for emergency service. In 
case of an attack ever being made upon New York City, it is 
realized that great chaos might exist, as the Navy Department 
could not reasonably be expected to take care of the shipping 
in addition to its other duties. 

There is also a great number of men coming to the City at 
all times who have been employed on ships of neutral countries. 
It has been advocated that these men should all be registered 
both in the public interest and for their own protection. Many 
men are in the employ of neutrals that are secretly unfriendly 
to the United States' cause, and the problem of correcting any 
unfriendly disposition on the part of these people is one that 
it is felt should be given careful consideration. 

The complex questions of employment, shipping, trades 

D953 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

unions, sick benefits, hospital dues, portage dues, insurance and 
the like are problems to be investigated by a sub-committee 
with suggestions as to the regulation of these interests. Some 
laws, both State and National, covering shipping are considered 
to be out of date and unsuited to war conditions. These mat- 
ters are being thoroughly considered. It is probable that this 
Committee will co-operate with the Committee on Law in bring- 
ing about the desired revisions. 

Prior to the functioning of this Committee, it was found that 
New York City, made up of five boroughs, somewhat separated 
and disjointed in regard to the foregoing matters, has not been 
actively united for the purpose of concentrating its knowl- 
edge and influence in the direction of aiding or influencing mat- 
ters that would be of interest to individual boroughs. Plans 
and tabulations have been made of various interests which 
might be called into consultation to unite the several boroughs 
in ways of this kind. 

NEW DOCK FRONTAGES 

In this connection, it is pointed out that both the Government 
and private interests, in looking for suitable sites, had rather 
ignored the magnificent water-front opportunities in Greater 
New York, particularly those situated in the Borough of Bronx 
and on Jamaica Bay. These are available for immediate de- 
velopment. At Clason Point, in the Bronx, there is nearly a 
mile of shore with deep water and good high and dry ground 
behind it, all ready for ship-building yards. The Hell Gate 
improvement assures a thirty-five-foot depth through the East 
River within a year, but even at the present time vessels of 
standard depth can be brought in and out through the Sound. 
This locality is served by a magnificent one-hundred-foot boule- 
vard over which are operated two trolley lines, so that work- 
men can reach any plant from the extreme limits of any part 
of the Bronx, a territory comprising a population of nearly a 
million people; and passengers from the upper part of Man- 
hattan, Yonkers and other surrounding towns can likewise be 



COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING AND HARBOR DEFENSE 

carried for a five-cent fare in thirty minutes. New York pos- 
sesses the greatest labor market in the world, a majority of the 
industrial classes living in close proximity to Clason Point and 
even to Jamaica Bay, so that the housing problem may be con- 
sidered as being taken care of. Through the instrumentality 
of this Committee, all of these locations are being tabulated for 
the information of those interested. 

An appeal was made to this Committee shortly after its for- 
mation for greater housing facilities for coast guards who could 
be stationed at strategic points where they would be available 
in cases of special emergency. An investigation was made and 
recommendations given that have since been complied with for 
housing these guards on the City dock property. 

SUPPRESSING THIEVERY 

Complaints were received that the harbor was not properly 
protected, and that thieving was increasing along the water- 
fronts. Meetings were held in conjunction with the police and 
detective officials, and it was found that most of the robberies 
thus reported were not occurring from the land side, but from 
the water-front. Repressive efforts were then made through the 
Commandant of the Navy, the Division of National Defense of 
the Police Department, and this problem has since been met 
in a satisfactory way. 

Complaints were received that soldiers quartered at certain 
piers were not supplied with adequate facilities for their needs, 
including bathing accommodations. The Committee investi- 
gated this shortage and made recommendations to those oc- 
cupying the piers which they were guarding. Promises were re- 
ceived that these recommendations would be complied with. 

PROTECTION AGAINST AIR ATTACKS 

Some protection for shipping in case of aerial attack has been 
given consideration. It has been thought unwise to leave im- 
portant ships at docks in case of aerial attack or fire, the pre- 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

ferred plan being to remove the ships and send them down the 
bay, where they could be distributed into groups. The destruc- 
tion of any ship or group of ships by this means would not 
affect the others or communicate the fire to dock properties. 

The co-ordination of coaling facilities is one of the vital prob- 
lems under consideration. It is estimated that with the rapid 
building of boats now undertaken by the Emergency Fleet Com- 
mission, there will be thousands of new boats lying in New York 
Harbor and outside of it. These boats all have to be coaled, 
and convenient coaling facilities with up-to-date equipment will 
have to be provided for. Representatives of this Committee 
have made inspection tours of the harbor for the purpose of 
finding suitable locations for coaling stations which should not 
only ,be installed as a war measure, but at such convenient 
places that they could be utilized after the war for the immense 
commerce that will exist at that time. 

The protection of waterways is another subject that has had 
the attention of the Committee as a measure of adequate pro- 
tection against external attack. The protection of New York 
from the sea and of its waterways from the land are therefore 
subjects of unusual interest and importance in New York City. 
Arrangements are being made so that this Committee can act 
in conjunction with the Engineering Department of the Federal 
Government and arrange some comprehensive plan to be worked 
out to assure a better resistance against possible invasion. Con- 
sidering the many undertakings and strenuous work now before 
the Engineering Department of the National Government, this 
Committee feels that, with its knowledge of the local situation, 
it could readily take the initiative in this matter. 

GUARDING AGAINST EXPLOSIVES 

The Committee has been specially active in its efforts to pro- 
tect the City against possible damage through the premature 
explosion of combustibles that are being shipped through this 
port. Explosives and highly inflammable material have re- 
peatedly endangered the City. Efforts are being made by this 



COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING AND HARBOR DEFENSE 

Committee, acting in co-operation with the local police and fire 
departments and through the Federal authorities, to lessen these 
grave perils. 

CENTRALIZING GOVERNMENTAL DEMANDS 

Efforts have been made to have Government demands made 
through one representative looking after all Government re- 
quirements. When the United States entered the present war, 
each department that needed harbor facilities planned to re- 
quisition whatever it needed without regard to location and 
the demands of the other departments. Recommendations have 
been made for a concentration of these locations. In the Bor- 
ough of Brooklyn, it was arranged that the Army should have its 
docks start from Thirty-ninth street and run south to Sixty-fifth 
street, while the Navy piers should extend from Thirty-ninth 
street north to Twenty-eighth street. This area included the 
Bush Terminal, which had been taken over by the Army. This 
Committee also advocated as a war necessity the building of 
the South Brooklyn Marginal Railroad, which had long been 
proposed and which could be admirably used in that connec- 
tion. 

An investigation of food supplies for shipping and the man- 
ner in which they are handled is under arrangement. To guard 
against undue profiteering, and in view of the majority of ship- 
ping being now used for national purposes, the Committee holds 
that the cost of this service of ship chandlery should be brought 
to a minimum, allowing, of course, a fair remuneration for those 
so engaged, 

INCREASED PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES 

The problem of ice-breaking in the harbor was referred to this 
Committee by the Committee on Transportation of the Mayor's 
Committee on National Defense. As a consequence, assurance 
has been received that measures have been taken to keep open 
the water communications for the transportation of coal, etc.. 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

SO that there will be no repetition of the shortage experienced 
last winter. 

One of the features now having the attention of the Commit- 
tee is for increasing the fire-fighting facilities, particularly in the 
marine sections of Staten Island, Shooters Island and Newark 
Bay. The Committee has entered into negotiations with the 
New York City Fire Department and the Emergency Fleet 
Commission and it is aggressively working toward a definite 
solution to that end. 

To facilitate the work of this Committee, not only has the 
Executive Committee been meeting frequently, but four sub- 
committees have been appointed to look after special duties, as 
follows : 

1. A Committee on Utilization of Harbor Facilities. 

2. A Committee on Protection of Shipping and Water-front. 

3. A Committee on Labor and Lighterage. 

4. A Committee on Co-ordination of Federal and Municipal 
Authorities. 



C2003 



COMMITTEE ON TRADES AND 
MANUFACTURES 

This Committee has supervision of matters relating to Trades 
and Manufactures with the object of obtaining information 
regarding industries, their relation to war work, and 
especially in consideration of their economic de- 
velopment following the war. 



R. A. COWLES 

Chairman 

C. MoNTEiTH Gilpin 

Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Hurley, James F. Milburn, A. W. 

Imhof, John C. Pratt, Frederic B. 

Irish, William S. Van Brunt, J. R. 

Merrall, Walter H. Ward, J. G. 



GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Abert, Benjamin 
Atkinson, Fred W. 
Blake, Michael 
Blanchard, Isaac H. 
Block, Paul 
Chesley, Arthur C. 
Clinton, Francis Wright 
Deering, E. J. 
Demmerle, Theodore 

FiTZSIMMONS, C. J. A. 

Flynn, James L. 
Frost, George F. 
Gaillard, William E. G. 
Gans, Eugene P. 
Groen, H. a. 
Harth, Frank E. 
Heatherton, James M. 
Hoppin, William W. 
Jacques, Jr., Washington L. 
Jadwin, Stanley P. 
Jones, Theodore Inslee 
Keating, Jerome B. 
Larger, B. A. 
Lindsay, L. Seton 



Logan, Frank J. 
Loughman, M. F. 
Lowes, Clarence M. 
Merritt, Walter H. 
Metz, Herman A. 
munholland, john j. 
Murray, Thomas E. 
Myers, William J. 
Palmenberg, Edward 

QUATTROCCHI, AnTONIO 

Reid, Charles E. 
Schlesinger, Leo 
Simon, Robert E. 
Snow, Charles H. 
Spellman, Benjamin F. 
Stern, Henry 
Stern, Maximilian 
Taylor, William E. 
Unterberg, Israel 
Vandernoot, Emanuel 
Williams, Ichabod T. 
Wood, Edwin O. 
Yeska, Joseph 



COMMITTEE ON TRADES AND 
MANUFACTURES 

NEW VIEWS ON TRADE 

THE term "trades," as here used, means the avocations of in- 
dividuals or associations of individuals engaged in work 
which is not strictly manufacturing, and as differentiated from 
labor unions. There are a large number of trades in which the 
individuals are not incorporated into unions; for instance, small 
butchers, grocers and general distributers of merchandise. 

The term "manufactures," as here used, applies to goods pro- 
duced for distribution. 

In many of the great European cities steps have been taken 
to segregate the trades and manufactures in different localities, 
for the purpose of economy, for concentration of effort, and 
to avoid detriment to property by the incursion of trades and 
manufactures into residential districts. In New York, no collec- 
tive attempt at segregation has thus far been made. Impor- 
tant questions relating to this matter have arisen and will con- 
tinue to arise, and the Committee on Trades and Manufactures 
exists to take up such questions and to advise the Municipal 
Government on any steps necessary to protect the interests of 
the people. 

DETRIMENTAL WAR EFFECTS 

The Committee on Trades and Manufactures has had many 
questions to consider. The importance of these is emphasized 
by the City being such a large manufacturing center. With the 
changes that war has made in encouraging the manufacture of 
war munitions, equipments, and Government supplies of vari- 

[ 203 n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

ous kinds and the discouragement that is given to the manufac- 
turing of non-essentials, many changes have taken place in 
manufacturing plants. One of the first things that this Commit- 
tee was called upon to do was to formulate plans by which it 
could act as a clearing house for local manufacturers who have 
been or may be detrimentally affected by war conditions. Ways 
and means are being devised by which the Mayor's Committee 
on National Defense can assist in ascertaining what can be done 
towards a greater utilization of the manufacturing facilities of 
Greater New York in more essential and important ways. 

Another problem which the Committee was confronted with 
at its first meeting of organization was to investigate the ques- 
tion of the shifting of labor from one plant to another, or such 
problems as are analogous thereto. 

TRAFFIC CONGESTION 

Statistics show that the population of large cities in the United 
States doubles every eighteen years. The congestion now exist- 
ing in the streets and transportation facilities in New York 
is in a large measure due to the presence of manufacturing in- 
dustries within the city limits. It is felt that the time is com- 
ing, and that shortly, when decided steps must be taken to re- 
strict and control manufacturing operations on the island of 
Manhattan. Strenuous efforts were made some time ago to 
prevail upon the manufacturing industries engaged in the cloth- 
ing trade to establish factories outside of Manhattan but within 
the city limits, as, for instance, in Brooklyn, Williamsburg, 
Astoria and other points on Long Island. Some measure of 
success has resulted. Through an educational campaign this 
Committee is making efforts to induce manufacturers to move 
to outlying sections of the City. 

The City of New York never has made a comprehensive 
census of the manufactures within its limits. The Government 
census took the matter up in 1910 and has given the statistics. 
A canvass and census of the manufactures now in the City is 
being considered, not only for the purpose of obtaining further 

L204] 



COMMITTEE ON TRADES AND MANUFACTURES 

information, but to bring into effect some comprehensive plan 
for grouping manufactures at points without the limits of the 
City proper, and also to develop a general scheme of employ- 
ment. There are many manufacturing industries within the 
City of New York which are active at one part of the year and 
slow at another. It is thought that if the industries could be 
grouped so that employment could be furnished to labor at all 
seasons of the year within certain zones, it would materially aid 
the labor element in determining the question of location of 
houses, so that they should be near the work offered at all times 
of the year. This question is important in the interests of effi- 
ciency and economy. 

LABOR AND ITS INTERESTS 

No comprehensive scheme has been worked out covering both 
fire and life protection in manufacturing industries. This ques- 
tion has received very considerable attention in Europe, and 
the majority of cities there have stringent laws covering these 
questions, to the great advantage of the City and of the work- 
ing element. 

The complete disturbance of the ordinary state of trade, due 
to war, and the unequal wages paid to labor, has brought about 
a congestion in certain industries and a scarcity of labor in 
others. This matter is being taken up and considered with the 
object of equalizing the available labor and regulating the ques- 
tion of wages so that the pay of all shall be proportional to liv- 
ing costs. 

AIDING THE IMMIGRANT 

The General Government has started a propaganda of Na- 
tionalism with the idea of increasing loyalty. It is pointed out 
that workmen are not always fully informed as to the sources 
of Government aid. National, State and City, which exist and 
which may be availed of for their benefit. For instance, the 
present war has demonstrated that there is a large population 
which has lived in America (especially in the cities) for long 

C205: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

periods of time, but which never has taken the necessary steps 
for becoming citizens of the United States. It is believed that 
it would be a good plan to enlarge the organization of citizen- 
ship bureaus, which would register all non-citizens and then 
undertake to assist them in becoming citizens. If necessary, 
amendments to existing laws could be enacted for the purpose 
of bending every effort, through this Committee, towards bring- 
ing this about. 

The present war has taught all European nations the neces- 
sity for economy and efficiency, and many organizations have 
been formed in Europe to educate the workmen. This is not 
only for the purpose of enabling workmen to secure a better 
wage, but to obtain a greater product per unit of labor without 
involving any loss by labor of its recreation time. On the other 
hand, it may provide for recreation, teach the workmen how to 
get the best returns for their labor, as well as advantages that 
might be gained in living conditions obtainable through their 
surroundings. 

Competition with Europe following the war will undoubtedly 
be severe. If America is to hold her place in the world's com- 
merce, it is absolutely necessary that the conditions of the labor 
wage, as applied to trades and manufactures, should receive 
careful attention. The variations in the conditions of labor, 
due to environment and location, are such that this subject will 
have to be undertaken by local communities. 

CO-ORDINATING LABOR INTERESTS 

The questions of workmen's insurance, conservation of work- 
men's funds through savings, building funds and the like, are 
now governed by a great many different organizations and in- 
stitutions; but there has never been any co-operative scheme by 
reason of which all these forces, acting for the good of labor, 
could be co-ordinated for the benefit of the country, of labor, 
or of the community at large. The matter is receiving serious 
consideration by this Committee. Lectures with moving 
pictures, illustrative of the beneficial effects of sanitary condi- 

1:2063 



COMMITTEE ON TRADES AND MANUFACTURES 

tions, protective machinery, conservation of effort, etc., are be- 
ing planned for in bringing about better conditions than now 
exist. 

The foregoing are some of the many problems considered by 
the Committee in connection with the important duties which 
devolve upon it. 



nsoyn 



COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION 

This Committee has cognizance of all matters relating 

to inter-city transportation of every character, 

and all matters pertaining thereto in 

the City of New York. 



Nicholas F. Brady 
Chairman 

James H. Jourdan 

Vice-Chairman 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Bannard, Otto T. Huff, S. W. 

Bethell, Union N. McCall, Edward E. 

Forbes, Allen B. Outerbridge, E. H. 

HoYT, Colgate Shonts, Theodore P. 



MEMBERS 



Adams, Edward D. 
Bangs, F. S. 
Barrett, W. E. 
Baylies, Edmund L. 
Bedford, A. C. 
Bennis, Joseph H. 
Berrian, Charles A. 
Bickford, Herbert J. 
Black, Loring M., Jr. 
Brackenridge, J. C. 
Bradley, William 
Bruckner, Henry 
Cady, C. W. 
Caldwell, Burns D. 
Connolly, Maurice E. 
Cooke, D. W. 
Cravath, Paul D. 
Cutting, R. Fulton 
DeSear, Harry J. 
Dowling, Frank L. 



Downs, Thomas 
Eckstein, M. Maurice 

FiTZ PATRICK, F. F. 

Flynn, J. A. 
GUNN, J. N. 
Harkness, Wm. H. 
Hirschman, Stuard 
Kracke, F. J. H. 

LOREE, L. F. 

Meade, Richard W. 
Merritt, a. L. 
Naughton, John H. 
O'Neill, William 
O'RouRKE, John J. 
Perrine, George 
Pratt, John T. 
Rand, R. L. 
Riegelmann, Edward 
Smith, A. H. 
Van Name, Calvin D. 



COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION 

KEEPING TRADE ROUTES OPEN 

NEW YORK HARBOR at times last winter looked like 
Archangel or some other ice-bound port. Ice-breaking is 
a task not exactly in the line of Father Knickerbocker; but with 
the imperfect weapons at hand the gigantic clogs of ice in the 
Hudson and elsewhere were handled with fair effectiveness. 

With last winter in mind as a costly object lesson, one of the 
active problems of the Committee on Transportation is the 
securing of ice-breaking facilities for the harbor, in an effort to 
keep water transportation moving right through the winter 
months. The troubles experienced in New York Harbor last 
winter, although abnormal in severity, should be avoided at all 
costs; and in view of the large percentage of shipments of men 
and Government supplies' being sent to European countries, 
there is perhaps no greater seasonal war emergency work than 
this to be accomplished by the Mayor's Committee. 

This branch of the Committee is also co-operating with the 
Merchants Association on the question of the distribution of 
mail matter, and a big program is being mapped out for fall 
activities. 

URBAN POPULATIONS DOUBLING 

Statistics show that the population of the large American 
cities doubles every eighteen years. Notwithstanding the pas- 
senger transportation that has been provided within the last few 
years, it is recognized that within five years worse congestion 
will exist in New York City, in all probability. What is true of 
passenger transportation is likewise true of the transportation 
of merchandise. The experiences of the past winter in the dis- 

n2iin 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



tribution of fuel have shown the necessity of giving serious 
attention to this subject. 

The peculiar physical characteristics of New York — a city 
long and narrow and bounded on four sides by water — make 
transportation of goods received by steamer extremely difficult, 
whether the transfer is to railroads for trans-shipment to the 
interior, or for delivery within the city limits. Various schemes 
have been proposed, such as freight subways, for facilitating 
transportation, but owing to the existence of the present passen- 
ger subways any freight subway would have to be so far be- 
neath the ground as to involve very considerable cost of 
construction and operation. The necessity of lowering goods 
from the surface to the subway levels would seem to put the 
freight subway question entirely out of consideration. 

It has been further suggested that a marginal railway be in- 
stalled for a freight and passenger service similar to that which 
exists in London, Paris and other European cities. It is claimed 
that a feasible plan would be for a marginal railway, preferably 
with two sets of superposed tracks, one set having spurs carry- 
ing down each dock and transfer-spurs extending across the 
city at definite intervals. It is believed, judging from the expe- 
rience of the Ringbahn system in Berlin and Vienna, and the 
new railways recently constructed along the Thames docks in 
London, that marginal railways would materially aid in the 
transportation of both passengers and freight. A great draw- 
back, however, is their unsightliness, and hence it may be neces- 
sary to find other means for doing this work. 

CHAOS AMONG AUTOMOBILES 

Aside from the broad question of transportation there are many 
questions relating to the transportation of passengers as far as 
automobiles and passenger carriers are concerned. The great 
congestion which exists along the avenues and other sections of 
the City is regarded as due in a great measure to increased trans- 
portation and the need for its better regulation. 

The major portion of New York City was built prior to the 

112123 



COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION 



use of heavy automobiles. Such machines are increasing in 
number, and likewise in the loads which they carry. Their 
effect upon the city pavements, upon the private residences and 
other buildings, is a subject for investigation. Some of these 
vehicles are run without regard to speed regulations; they are 
built without regard to size, length, width and height; they take 
up an immense amount of space; and some of them are a se- 
rious menace to life and property and a disfigurement to the 
City. It is believed by some of the members of the Committee 
that proper regulations should be made governing all questions 
for the operation of such vehicles, and that these regulations 
should be so drawn that the inhabitants of the State are pro- 
tected — and no individual or company should be permitted for 
its own pecuniary advantage to overlook such rights. 

During the past year the question of coal distribution was 
found to be of great importance. It is believed that the present 
methods of distributing coal could be improved considerably. 
It has been suggested that all conveyances carrying coal and 
similar material might be standardized, and rules made for 
their government and operation. 

Modern transportation involves the use of carriers which 
move through the air. As this becomes more universal, landing 
places must be provided. Practically nothing has been done 
along this line as yet, but the matter is being taken up and thor- 
oughly considered by this Committee. 

EXTENSION OF MAIL TUBES 

Pneumatic tubes exist for the transportation of mail matter. 
It is believed that this system of transportation is a good one 
and means should be taken to keep it in use and further to de- 
velop it. Tubes could be used in connection with the elevated 
structures and possibly with the subways without disfigurement 
to the City. Such tubes might be owned and operated by the 
City. 

Transportation of the mails is a government monopoly. The 
control of the vehicles used by the Government is a city prob- 

[213] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

lem. The mail wagons, both for heavy and light deliveries, it 
is thought, could be improved upon as regards construction and 
economy in operation. It is believed that this matter should 
be taken up and considered. 

There are many other problems in transportation which affect 
the docks and which are being considered in connection with 
the Committee on Shipping and Harbor Defense of the Mayor's 
Committee on National Defense. For instance, the habit of 
transporting European mails across the city in trucks is faulty. 
Further, there is no reason why publishers' mails and other 
heavy traffic should be transported through the streets when the 
City is congested. It is held that transportation of this char- 
acter should be at night and by vehicles which do not disturb 
the public in the highways and in the buildings. 



[214] 



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COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 

This Committee has cognizance of questions relating to 
wholesale interests of the City of New York and 
aims at providing the City with the facilities 
needed for dealing with the growing vol- 
ume of national and international 
commerce. 



Alfred Marling 

Chairman 

Ancell H. Ball 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Adamson, Robert Farley, Thomas M. 

Ahern, Charles J. Forbes, Allan B. 

Anable, Courtland V. Joyce, William B. 

Daniels, C. C. Sloane, John 



MEMBERS 



Appleton, R. Ross 
Arnstein, Max 
Bainbridge, Arthur C. 
Baird, William T. 
Barbour, William R. 
Barry, Charles D. 
Carmody, Frank X. 
Chetwood, Dr. Chas. H. 
Davis, Robert H. 
DeMott, Harry M. 
Desmond, Thomas C. 
Elson, Edwin B. 
Emery, J. H. 
Falk, Albert 
Ferguson, James R. 
Fitzpatrick, F. F. 
Gair, Robert 
Germain, William S. 
GiMBEL, Isaac 
Goldman, Julian 
Graff, Leslie 
Green, Thomas D. 
Grella, E. M. 
Ham MITT, Walter 
Heilbroner, Louis 



Higbie, Robert W. 
Hillard, John C. 
Hirsch, Nathan 
Holland, James P, 
Hubbard, S. T. 
Irish, William S. 
Jadwin, Stanley P. 
Jones, W. A. 
Juhring, John C. 
Lathrop, Spencer 
Lorsch, Arthur 
Luce, Harry J. 
Marsh, Henry W. 
Mead, S. C. 
Miller, Cyrus C. 
MiLLiGAN, Jas. a. 
Reid, Charles E. 
RicHTER, Max C. 
RoGGEN, Harry 
Rosenthal, S. M. 
Samstag, Henry F. 
Schieffelin, William J. 
Steiner, Henry 
Wiernik, Peter 



COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 

PLANNING FOR READJUSTMENT 

AN admirable spirit of fairness and co-operation generally 
has been shown by the manner in which the wholesale in- 
dustries of New York City have entered into the requirements 
of the War Industries Board in the necessary control which was 
exercised over these great departments of trade by the Federal 
Government. This Committee has endeavored to lay the 
foundations for after-war adjustment for further co-oper- 
ative methods which will give industry its due reward, and at 
the same time best serve the requirements of the nation at large. 

Wholesalers have become accustomed to the observation of 
the national requirements in carrying out the war program by 
the admirable curtailment of production in certain classes of 
food and merchandise where these were classed relatively as 
non-essentials. Through this Committee as a whole co-opera- 
tion in the best spirit is being had with the War Industries 
Board at Washington, and now special attention will be paid 
by the Mayor's Committee to restoring to their full activity the 
wholesale industries on which the prosperity and tax-raising 
ability of the City so largely depend. 

Storehouse facilities of the greatest magnitude are one of the 
requirements of Greater New York for the future which this 
Committee is moving for. Storage bases for goods and greater 
transportation facilities are being looked after, relative to their 
permanent maintenance in the expansion of foreign trade. The 
requirements of South America, the Allied countries and the 
world at large are being taken up in a serious vein as vital needs 
of the Greater City, where an enormous concentration of trade 
interests, both at home and abroad, must be provided for. 

The Government having taken over the many terminal ware- 

II2173 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

houses for a period of years, apparently has made it necessary 
to meet the need for greater and better equipped storage places 
for the City of New York as the largest importing and distrib- 
uting port in the United States. The prospects are that it will 
become in time the greatest port in the world. 



UNHAMPERING INDUSTRY 

It is realized that the commercial supremacy of the port of 
New York is important both to the City and the country at 
large, and measures are being taken not only to protect the 
wholesale industries but to protect the business of such in- 
dustries. It is felt that the wholesale industries are hampered 
at the present time by limited dock and terminal facilities, by 
incomplete transportation facilities throughout the City, and by 
a lack of certain banking and credit facilities. Better precau- 
tions against the outbreak of fire are also considered to be nec- 
essary. 

A CANVASS OF CONDITIONS 

A CAREFUL canvass of conditions in the City of New York 
shows that it is lacking in several facilities afforded by Euro- 
pean cities for the developing and handling both of national 
and international commerce. The provision of easier means 
of ingress and egress for the gigantic trade of New York City 
is one of the problems most vitally affecting the great interests 
for which the Mayor's Committee stands. 

Conformity with the Federal program has meant, in many 
instances, an absolute stoppage of the ordinary and usually 
profitable lines of business on the part of a given wholesale in- 
dustry. The production of war goods entailed, in many cases, 
considerable financial sacrifice, and in some cases even threat- 
ened financial ruin; but the response to these severe demands 
was almost without exception prompt and patriotic in its spirit. 
It therefore is a special satisfaction for the Mayor's Committee 
to continue the policy of looking after the interests which have 



COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 



been somewhat prejudiced or jeopardized by the war, and the 
effort of the Committee is to foster the interests which are 
temporarily dislocated by these exceptional conditions. 

"MADE IN AMERICA" 

Note has been made of the greatly widened radius of home pro- 
duction to supply home consumption, instead of depending 
upon imported articles. It now remains for the Mayor's Com- 
mittee to do all in its power in favor of domestic industries, to 
keep in America the money which formerly went abroad in such 
lavish quantities. The public is being educated to the relative 
quality of American goods as compared with alien productions, 
and the Committee circulates the knowledge that American- 
made articles are usually the equal, and oftentimes the superior, 
of those which have come from other countries in the past. 
"Made in America" is a badge of commercial honor which this 
Committee is popularizing. 

The stimulation of American manufacturers, wholesalers, re- 
tailers, and the public generally to go hand in hand for the 
production and absorption of products here, is a definite part 
of the program of the Committee. Through the Committee on 
Retail Industries the effort is being made to increase both the 
character of products and the appreciation in which the Ameri- 
can people will hold the output of its own factories, which often- 
times is produced through the application of the trained labor 
coming from other countries. An increase in the immigration 
of skilled artificers for the building up of a diversity of indus- 
tries, arts and sciences is also a subject which is being alertly 
watched. 

The Committee on Wholesale Industries co-operates with 
other departments of the Mayor's Committee, including the 
special sections on Trades and Manufactures, Retail Industries, 
Labor, Domestic Supplies, Transportation, Commerce, Ship- 
ping and Harbor Defense, Risks and Insurance, Taxation, 
Organization and Suggestion; and, in fact, with almost every 
one of the multitudinous activities of the organization which 

[219:] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

operates at the Hall of Records in the endeavor to bring in- 
creased revenues to the Government and a larger prosperity to 
the people of America as a permanent contribution to the na- 
tional assets. 

PASSING THE PROFITS 

NEW YORK has been hit, and hit hard, by the war. Some 
people have made a profit, but the most of them have 
passed a considerable part of their gains on to the general ser- 
vice by means of Liberty Loans or outright charities to the 
many organizations which have made their appeals for help. 
On the other hand, a far greater number of people have seen 
their business overset and their prospects of adequate profit 
gone, for the present at least, and their personal interests and 
ordinary ways of life put into absolute chaos. 

Nevertheless it is the proud record of New York City that 
the community never has flinched from whatever call was made 
upon it, however heavy that burden might be, as compared with 
those borne by the remainder of the country. Out of the six 
billions of dollars called for in the Fourth Liberty Loan not 
less than one billion eight hundred millions of dollars was al- 
lotted to the Federal District of which New York City makes 
the major part. 

In addition to its own burdens, New York City is being called 
upon to shoulder unexampled responsibilities in the way of 
providing hospitality and entertainment for the million or 
more soldiers and sailors who pass through this port to the 
fields of war. Never before has there been such a demand, 
and never before have the freemen of any city arisen so well 
to the occasion. 

This is the tribute which has been given to New York City 
repeatedly, and which has been carried to the grave by many 
of the sons of America, who have taken away with them a 
precious memory of kindness, just as others will bear with them 
through life the same recollections of what hospitality in 
Gotham really means. 

II220;] 



COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 



In these activities the wholesale industries of New York City 
are bearing their due and worthy part. Realizing the generosity 
of spirit and of occasion which has been shown without meas- 
ure by this element of the community, the Mayor's Committee 
has endeavored throughout the trying months and years of the 
war to render every aid that is possible, to the end that perma- 
nent damage should not be suffered through the preoccupations 
brought about by the war and its manifold activities. 

EASING THE STRAIN 

Following out this endeavor, the Committee is now planning 
for a complete recovery of the ordinary activities of these in- 
dustries following upon the close of the war, and for the great 
expansion to which they are so richly entitled. The hearty 
spirit of co-operation which has been shown for the winning of 
the war has been recognized from the start by the Committee, 
and assistance is being rendered in many instances to help com- 
mercial concerns to meet the strain which has been put upon 
them. Representations have been made that the Federal Govern- 
ment should come to the assistance of the merchant to a reason- 
able extent to help him out of his oftentimes pressing difficulties, 
and to the end that he should have every encouragement to re- 
sume his normal activities when the war is over. The conver- 
sion of peace-time business to war-time work was made rapidly 
and cheerfully; and the concern of the Mayor's Committee is 
that war-time handicaps shall be removed in favor of peace- 
time advantages as soon as hostilities cease. That the enormous 
financial sacrifices of private interests made for the winning of 
the war should be turned into constructive ways of peace and 
renewed prosperity is the end towards which the Mayor's Com- 
mittee is looking forward. 

An admirable spirit of fairness and co-operation generally was 
shown by the manner in which the wholesale industries of New 
York City entered into the requirements of the War Industries 
Board in the necessary control which is exercised over these 
great departments of trade by the Federal Government. This 

n220 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Committee is endeavoring to lay the foundations for after-war 
readjustment, for further co-operative methods which will give 
industry its due reward, and at the same time best serve the 
requirements of the nation at large. 

Wholesalers have become accustomed to the observation of 
the national requirements in carrying out the war program by 
the curtailment of certain classes of food and merchandise 
where these are classed as relatively non-essentials. Through 
this Committee as a whole, co-operation in the best spirit is 
had with the War Industries Board at Washington, and now 
special plans are being made by the Mayor's Committee for 
restoring to their full activity the wholesale industries on which 
the prosperity and the tax-raising ability of the City so largely 
depend. 

Storehouse facilities of the greatest magnitude are one of 
the requirements of Greater New York for the future which 
this Committee is moving for. Storage bases for goods and 
greater transportation facilities are being looked after, relative 
to their permanent maintenance in the expansion of foreign 
trade. The requirements of South America, the Allied coun- 
tries, and the world at large are being taken up seriously as 
vital needs of the Greater City, where an enormous concentra- 
tion of trade interests, both at home and abroad, must be pro- 
vided for. 

PROTECTING INDUSTRY 

The Government, having taken over some of the largest ware- 
houses for a period of years, has made it necessary, apparently, 
to meet the need for greater and better equipped storage places 
for the City of New York as the largest importing and distribu- 
ting port in the United States, with prospects that it will become 
in time the greatest port in the world. It is realized that the 
commercial supremacy of the port of New York is important 
not only to the City but to the country at large, and measures 
are being taken not only to protect the wholesale industries, 
but to protect the business of such industries. It is felt that 

11222] 



COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 



the wholesale industries are hampered at the present time by 
limited dock and terminal facilities, improper transportation 
facilities throughout the City, lack of really adequate fire pro- 
tection, and a lack of certain banking and credit facilities. 

A careful canvass of conditions in the City of New York 
shows that it is lacking in several facilities afforded by Euro- 
pean cities for the developing and handling both of national and 
international commerce. The provision of easier means of in- 
gress and egress for the gigantic trade of New York City is one 
of the problems most vitally affecting the great interests for 
which the Mayor's Committee stands. 



TAX EXEMPTIONS 

In connection with the matter of taxation it is obvious that in 
the way of tax exemption for the encouragement of industrial 
development, a great city like New York cannot possibly com- 
pete with the small and enterprising cities of the South and 
West. Such communities oftentimes are able to present per- 
fectly legitimate proposals embodying attractive features for 
the attraction of new industries in their midst. Against such 
competition, New York in its greatness would seem to flounder 
helplessly; but in the matter of after-war reconstruction, the 
encouragement of new industries is, nevertheless, a matter to 
which the Mayor's Committee has given expert consideration. 

New York City presents many features of great attractive- 
ness for the location of new industries or the expansion of exist- 
ing ones. It, of course, is obvious that the enterprising secre- 
tary of a commercial organization in New York City cannot 
advertise cheap water-power or exemption from taxation, or 
spend his time in the endeavor to pass laws exempting manu- 
facturing plants from taxation, as is oftentimes the case in 
smaller communities. The New York secretary, however, can 
with profit point out to the manufacturer that rather than 
worry about the taxation question, he should see just what sort 
of service a community affords in return for the tax money. 

n223n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



NEW YORK'S ADVANTAGES 

It has been noted that in many places of low taxation there 
are inadequate recreation or housing facilities, and that the 
resulting discontent on the part of the employees may more than 
offset the extra tax cost in a city like New York, where recrea- 
tional facilities are plentiful and cheap. With this view, com- 
mercial organizations of many cities are to-day encouraging the 
factory to pay its full taxes. If it is in need of assistance, the 
commercial organizations of the place will investigate its busi- 
ness prospects and, if the concern is worthy, will assist it 
financially or in other ways. By this means the community 
income is not reduced, and new industries come into a closer 
and better contact with the local interests which are assisting it. 

A number of States have legislation permitting municipalities 
to exempt industries from taxation. In certain instances this 
applies only to new industries, which places a burden of unfair- 
ness on concerns already established. The evil tendency of this 
differentiation has been shown in some of the States by the 
practice of factories moving from place to place, instead of re- 
maining in the class of established industries. 

The State of Pennsylvania has probably the best provision 
for the encouragement of legitimate industries, there being 
no tax on machinery in some of the larger cities. This holds 
true also in the smaller cities, excepting for the heavier kinds of 
machinery, which are taxed in the class of real estate. The 
Pennsylvania State exemption applies to old as well as to new 
industries, and appears to be quite satisfactory in its operation. 

METHODS OF ENCOURAGEMENT 

Baltimore has for many years granted exemption to industrial 
concerns locating in that city, and by virtue of an old State 
law this and one other county were allowed to grant such ex- 
emptions. Many industries obtain advantages through the 
encouragement thus given by the local commercial organiza- 

n2243 



COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE INDUSTRIES 



tions, and by an act of the General Assembly of Maryland this 
privilege has been extended so that now all the cities of the 
State are permitted to exercise local autonomy along these lines. 
An ordinance passed by the City of Baltimore provides that 
"tools, machinery, manufacturing implements and engines, and 
corporations, firms and individuals actually engaged in manu- 
facturing within the City of Baltimore, shall be exempt from 
taxation." A number of other Southern States have followed 
the lead of Maryland, and have passed acts to encourage the 
establishment of new industries, such as cotton-ginning mills, 
etc. 



L2232 



FINANCES 

T is not intended that this volume shall include a formal 

report regarding the financial operations of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee. That feature of the work will likely be treated in an- 
other manner; but meanwhile a special word of appreciation 
should be given to Mr. Louis G. Kaufman, Treasurer of the 
Mayor's Committee on National Defense, and the able Assist- 
ant Treasurer, Mr. Norborne P. Catling. 

The complexity of the Treasurer's task in taking care of the 
various accounts, due to the extensive activities of the Com- 
mittee, will at once impress all who are familiar with large pub- 
lic undertakings. The finances are patriotically underwritten 
by the members of the Executive Committee. Many members 
of the General Committee have also contributed lesser amounts, 
and in certain instances the City has reimbursed the Committee 
for the moneys spent on defensive measures. 

The remarkable feature in connection with the operations of 
the Committee is the relatively small budget on which the wide 
activities are being carried through. The policy of the Com- 
mittee is that each great endeavor should be largely self-sup- 
porting; as, for instance, the Independence Day Pageant 
Parade of 19 18, where the great cost of the elaborate floats and 
tableaux was borne by the patriotic national groups partici- 
pating. Thus the cost to the Mayor's Committee was repre- 
sented by the expenditure of but a few hundreds of dollars. 

The actuating principle of the Ma3/or's Committee under its 
present administration has been small expenditure and large 
results. 



1:226;] 



DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES 



DRAFT INFORMATION BUREAU 

VOLUNTARY WAR AID 

THE Draft Information Bureau was created and highly or- 
ganized by the Mayor's Committee on National Defense 
for the purpose, primarily, of giving information regarding the 
Selective Service Law. It ended by rendering assistance of a 
greatly varied nature to the registrants and all concerned, in- 
cluding the interpretation of the law in its manifold aspects. 

Close co-operation was had with the Local Draft Boards. 
The Committee assisted in filling up the personnel of many of 
these boards; it advised registrants regarding their status in 
the draft; it assisted people who could not understand the 
English language in filling out their questionnaires; it explained 
the requirements in supplying volunteer workers for the Draft 
Boards,, and, through the Committee on Law, straightened out 
many a legal tangle. 

It furnished information to registrants and citizens alike, 
concerning the personnel of the various Boards, and supplied 
stenographic and other volunteer help to the Local Draft Boards 
through its Volunteer Service Bureau. 

Inasmuch as the Committee was so well organized for draft 
information work, it was but natural that the Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office of the State of New York should desire close co- 
operation, in order that their office might avail themselves of 
the machinery and invaluable records that had been accumu- 
lated by the Committee through its intensive preparatory work 
— which, in reality, was quasi-Government work. The Mayor's 
Committee, therefore, placed at the disposal of this branch of the 
public service large and commodious quarters in the Hall of 
Records, which enabled the Draft Information Bureau and the 
Adjutant-General's office to co-operate in the best and most 

1:229;] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

practical mannej'. The Committee went further, however, in 
showing its spirit of helpfulness by financing this department of 
the Adjutant-General's office until the first day of July, 1918. 
The Committee also continued to provide space and other fa- 
cilities without any cost whatever to that Department. 

INVALUABLE AID 

The Draft Information Bureau of the Mayor's Committee was 
thus used extensively by the Adjutant-General's office, and it 
became a necessary and inseparable part of their work. As 
the work of the Committee continued to increase through its 
various Bureaus dealing with the many important and complex 
matters continually arising, it was felt that the Draft Informa- 
tion Bureau could with advantage be turned over in its entirety 
to the Adjutant-General's office. By so doing, all draft work 
could be concentrated under one head. This also possibly 
would make, it was felt, for a better service to the people of the 
City as a whole. 

The entire machinery, therefore, of the Draft Information 
Bureau, together with all the records, files, documents, etc., of 
the Bureau, were voluntarily transferred by the Mayor's Com- 
mittee to the State Adjutant-General's office in the Hall of Rec- 
ords, whose quarters were already provided by the Committee. 
The invaluable work created by the Mayor's Committee 
through its Draft Information Bureau was thereafter con- 
ducted from that office. 

DEALING WITH FIFTY THOUSAND MEN 

Through its Transportation Bureau the Mayor's Committee 
placed a fleet of motor cars at the command of the Local Draft 
Director and his assistants; and by this means, as well as by 
other ways, every co-operation was accorded in order that the 
residents of this City should have the fullest measures of help- 
fulness at hand on all matters pertaining to the Draft. 

As a result of these multiplex activities, not less than fifty 
thousand men have been dealt with by this department alone 

C230;] 



DRAFT INFORMATION BUREAU 



of the Mayor's Committee since April i, 1918. Great as this 
number is — practically seven thousand per month — it is but 
one factor among the large operations of this Bureau. 

When the need arose, the Mayor's Committee came forward 
promptly to deal with an unexampled state of affairs. When 
the crisis was past, the Committee quietly stepped aside in favor 
of the regularly erected official machinery, which was equipped 
to carry out its appointed functions. 



:23i] 



EMPLOYMENT BUREAU 

A GREAT CLEARING HOUSE 

AT the office of the Mayor's Committee and through the mail 
■t*- thousands of inquiries have been made by individuals seek- 
ing information where their services could best be utilized in fur- 
thering the war and other activities. The practice in dealing 
with these cases has been to refer them to a responsible author- 
ized agency under the jurisdiction of a city, State, or the United 
States. This procedure proved only partially satisfactory. 

Advantage was taken of the fact that members of the 
Mayor's Committee control a considerable proportion of the 
commercial and professional activities of Greater New York, 
A glance at the roster of membership given in the latter part 
of this volume will indicate many recognized leaders who are 
generously giving of their time and strength to this phase of 
national defense. 

Therefore, when the Employment Bureau was established by 
the Mayor's Committee it was but natural that the wide and 
influential membership of the Committee should be the first to 
respond to the call for the mobilization of labor by their offers 
of employment. No worthy applicant for work has applied in 
vain to the Mayor's Committee. Frequently there are several 
posts open to an applicant. 

There are many excellent organizations and bureaus dealing 
with the various phases of employment, but until the entry of 
the Mayor's Committee into this field there was no real co-ordi- 
nation of effort. A central clearing house was badly needed. 
The Committee filled the need. The notable success of the 
Mayor's Committee in the matters of recruiting, transporta- 
tion and other war activities caused an increasing number of 
people to apply for information and assistance. In numerous 



EMPLOYMENT BUREAU 



instances men who applied for military service through the 
Recruiting Bureau of the Committee had been rejected for 
physical disability; but by means of the Employment Bureau 
it was oftentimes found possible to give such men useful em- 
ployment in quasi-war work, and this was promptly accom- 
plished through this Department. 

"WORK OR FIGHT" 

By reason of this valuable service, the Mayor's Committee was 
approached by the United States Government to help in placing 
workers under the "Work or Fight" order, issued by the Prov- 
ost-Marshal-General. As a result of conferences held with Gov- 
ernment representatives, many activities of a varied nature were 
entered upon by the Mayor's Committee in connection with 
this important work. 

A letter sent to the members of the Committee included the 
following suggestions: 

We have been appointed a branch of the United States Employ- 
ment Service and will help adjust labor conditions. Under the 
"Fight or Work" order of General Crowder all men of draft age not 
called must seek, and secure, if possible, essential jobs. 

Under the Anti-Loafing Law of our State all men between the ages 
of eighteen and fifty must secure positions, but not necessarily essen- 
tial jobs. We are working directly with Justice Frederic Kernochan, 
who is sending all those who come under the Anti-Loafmg Law to our 
office. 

One of the chief problems, and perhaps the greatest that confronts 
the nation, is the utilization of the entire man-power of the country. 
We hope that you will get in touch with the large employers of labor 
and suggest that they communicate directly with our Bureau if they 
have positions open. We have more applicants than jobs. 

The Court of Special Sessions also recognizes the useful 
purpose served by the Mayor's Committee, and sends offenders 
against the State Anti-Loafmg law directly to the Committee 
in charge of a probation officer. This Employment Bureau is 
the only agency regularly handling these court cases. By 
means of special facilities possessed by the Employment De- 
partment, the workless man and the manless work are promptly 
brought together. 

1:233] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



A card index system is kept of each workman, and his case 
is followed up until a satisfactory position is obtained. The 
Committee forwards most effectively the work of the Govern- 
ment to turn the floating liability of unemployed labor into a 
definite national asset. 

Three representatives of the Federal Employment Service 
were detailed to the Bureau, and an expert classification has 
been made. All the great employers of labor in New York City 
have been circularized, and nearly everyone who employs 
more than two hundred people has been reached. The result 
of this circularization was a crowd of responses from thousands 
of employers who were anxious to have help. Many letters 
were received from other States, and in numerous cases offers 
were made to pay the expenses of the men sent by this Bureau. 

Requests for labor are received from the great war industries, 
such as the shipyards, munition factories, etc., and the Bureau 
helps to place the men satisfactorily. The present Bureau is 
taking care approximately of four hundred people a day, over 
eighty-five per cent, of whom are definitely placed. In two days 
recently, this Bureau dealt with between five thousand and six 
thousand applicants of a single class. 



PLACING 'TLOATERS" 

The 189 local draft boards throughout the City send to the 
Bureau the men who come under the rule of the "Work or 
Fight" order. The chief difficulty in securing positions comes 
from the fact that about eighty per cent, of the applicants 
represent unskilled floating labor. It is easy enough for the 
Bureau to provide positions for men who are skilled in some 
particular line, but quite the contrary for men who are masters 
of no craft. It is hoped that these conditions will be remedied 
by the new regulations affecting this class of labor as promul- 
gated by the Federal Government, whereby any employer seek- 
ing labor must do so through an authorized United States 
agency. 

[234II 



EMPLOYMENT BUREAU 



LIMITED SERVICE MEN 

The Mayor's Committee was the first to take up with the War 
Department the important matter of providing limited service 
men for war work. It was early discovered that many men 
were not accepted by the draft, and so, being placed in the 
limited service class, an important question immediately arose. 
The matter was so developed by the Mayor's Committee that 
through its efforts openings were made for useful service for 
those who were unable to stand the rigors of actual warfare. 
Men rejected by the draft were also placed in useful vocations. 

By reason of the success attending the efforts of the Mayor's 
Committee, a committee was appointed to assist the United 
States Employment Bureau; and specially valuable service was 
rendered to shipyards and munition plants. A large percentage 
of this kind of labor within a considerable radius about New 
York City was supplied directly by the Mayor's Committee. 
In a large majority of cases the services rendered by the Com- 
mittee represented the full hundred per cent, of applicants. 

The work of the Bureau in general is developing to very im- 
portant proportions, and the outlook is that this Department 
may hereafter deal with as many as a thousand applicants a 
day. 



L235] 



INFORMATION BUREAU 

A MULTITUDE OF QUESTIONS 

QUESTIONS without number and of every variety seem 
naturally to gravitate to the Mayor's Committee. 

The Director-General of the Mayor's Committee, with his 
staff of expert assistants, almost never, it may truly be said, 
disappoints an inquirer. "General information" is of so in- 
tangible a nature that it is difficult to embody it in a report. 
But perhaps it may suffice to say that day by day there pours in 
by mail, by telegram, by telephone and by personal calls such a 
variety and breadth of inquiry as is handled probably by no 
other organization of similar nature. 

The Mayor's Committee on National Defense is the recog- 
nized unit in New York City of the Council of National Defense 
at Washington. The wide ramifications alone of such a great 
aggregation of national interests would quite suffice to keep 
the average office adequately employed; but in addition to the 
steady demand made from such sources there are the regular 
inquiries having to do with the Army and Navy; war trade; 
allotments to soldiers and sailors; insurance arrangements for 
those in the Services; appeals for help to find men who are miss- 
ing on the battle-fronts or whose whereabouts are unknown in 
the cantonments at home or abroad; the desire for information 
concerning the bona-fides of organizations appealing to the pub- 
lic for funds or other support ; the requests for endorsement for 
war benefits, bazaars, etc., etc., etc. 

HUMAN DOCUMENTS 

All of these and as many others come with the force of natural 
gravitation to the offices of the Mayor's Committee in an un- 

1:236: 



INFORMATION BUREAU 



ceasing stream day by day; and also night by night to those 
of the staff who oftentimes work until midnight and beyond in 
the effort to deal with the appeals which reach the Committee. 
The human documents which come and go through the great 
bronze doors of the Hall of Records are testimony to the hu- 
manitarian accomplishments of the group of earnest men and 
women who are making sacrifices to do their part in the great 
catastrophe of war. 

Additional thousands of persons, moved by patriotic im- 
pulses, are desirous of engaging in some useful form of war 
work; and these come to the Mayor's Committee in increasing 
numbers to learn what branch of service they may best be fitted 
for. In carrying on this work, the Information Bureau is in touch 
with the manifold phases of war activity now in operation 
throughout Greater New York, and there usually is little diffi- 
culty in assigning an applicant to the branch of work for which 
he or she seems best to be fitted. 

Useful assistance is continually rendered by the regular staff 
of the Mayor's Committee in assisting soldiers and sailors who 
are strangers in New York in locating the clubs and homes 
where they not alone will be most comfortable but where they 
will have the opportunity of meeting men from their own States. 

The Mayor's Committee receives a multitude of inquiries 
continually concerning the various functions of the different 
war bureaus of the Government affecting the industrial life of 
New York City, and many other queries which frequently 
arise regarding Federal matters and which otherwise would have 
to be referred to Washington. The wide activities of the Draft 
Bureaus cause queries continually to arise, and the intimate 
touch which this department of the Mayor's Committee keeps 
with enlistment matters makes possible a satisfactory reply to 
such inquiries. 

New York being the metropolis of the country, many cities 
throughout the U. S. A. also apply for many kinds of informa- 
tion which is obtainable only from New York or Washington. 

Quasi-war work is a form of service in which a multitude of 
people have a desire to take part. Men and women beyond the 

112373 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

age limit are continually soliciting the Mayor's Committee for 
information and advice for their increased usefulness. The 
Committee in turn takes cognizance of the various applications 
and is almost invariably successful in fitting these applications 
to the most effective form of individual war service. 



INDUSTRIAL REHABILITATION 

One of the most useful features in any department of the 
work of the Mayor's Committee is dealt with in this Bureau — 
the industrial rehabilitation of men back from foreign service. 
A representative of the Mayor's Committee has recently re- 
turned from Europe, where an extended study was made in 
several countries of the practical means for placing a means of 
livelihood within the power of soldiers and sailors who have suf- 
fered loss of limbs, eyesight, and otherwise are partially inca- 
pacitated. A member of the Mayor's Committee has placed his 
magnificent residence and grounds in London at the disposal 
of a British Committee formed to teach useful occupations to 
blinded soldiers and sailors; and similar activities are being 
planned for the Mayor's Committee in America. Basketry, 
weaving, carving, carpentry, poultry keeping and bee raising 
are but a few of the many occupations which are being definitely 
planned for the men who have sacrificed so much on the battle- 
fronts or at sea; and the service which the Mayor's Committee 
is endeavoring to render is that which is compatible with the 
work done by these men in the service of their country and of 
its Allies. 

The Mayor's Committee is not made up of professional soci- 
ologists. For the most part they have had no previous training 
in community service. They are simply practical people, used 
to dealing with the sore problems of humanity by effective but 
sympathetic means. Having traveled widely, and being in 
touch with the practical questions which the war has aroused 
to such a remarkable degree, the members of the staff generally 
are able to approach a matter from no preconceived position 



INFORMATION BUREAU 



and with no taint of that professionalism which sometimes 
characterizes eleemosynary movements. 

The Mayor's Committee is the servant of the people of 
Greater New York, and its services are freely commanded by 
those who are perplexed or discouraged from the world's rough 
hand. This spirit of practical aid which is shown by the 
Mayor's Committee has been followed in many distant quarters 
with great advantage in coping with war problems. The quiet 
influence which is thus shown has had a most salutary effect in 
encouraging the worthy and warning the unworthy. 



1123911 



BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND 
INTELLIGENCE 

THIS Bureau was organized for the purpose of undertaking 
such confidential investigations as might be demanded by 
war conditions, and also to facilitate the work of the various 
sub-committees of the general committee. 

The Bureau has been conducted with a clerical staff and 
about fifteen hundred voluntary workers. In making its in- 
vestigations, the Bureau has co-operated with 

U. S. Attorney-General 

U. S. Attorney for the District of New York 

Army Investigating Bureau 

Naval Investigating Bureau 

Alien Property Custodian 

U. S. War Defense Board 

U. S. Shipping Board and other U. S. Agencies 

League for Women's Service 

Charity Organization Society 

American Red Cross 

Young Men's Christian Association 

Knights of Columbus 
and various other organizations engaged in war work. It has 
conducted investigations regarding the war activities of aliens 
and has been eminently successful in repressing their activities, 
not only as regards the dissemination of propaganda, but in 
preventing disorganizing influences in factories, prevention of 
sabotage, etc. It has made many investigations regarding alien 
ownership of industries, factory properties, and the like; it has 
investigated the alleged slackers, deserters and violators of the 
zoning laws; it has investigated all questions of profiteering, 
violation of the various government restrictive laws regarding 
food, fuel, building materials, and the like; it has made many 
investigations for the sub-committees regarding fire risks and 



BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND INTELLIGENCE 

insurance, shipping, river and harbor questions, labor, building 
construction, feeding and housing the poor, canteen activities, 
and all other work having to do with the granting of aid and 
assistance to the army and navy forces; it has made many in- 
vestigations regarding questions involving the drafts and the 
improper use of uniforms; it has also conducted extensive in- 
vestigations as to associations, corporations and individuals 
collecting money for alleged charitable and war purposes, re- 
construction, and in fact all war work. 

GUARDING AGAINST DISCRIMINATION 

The investigation work has had a very extensive scope; so 
much so, that it is difficult to give in detail the direction which 
the work has taken and explain all its ramifications. 

The work of the investigators of the Bureau has been of the 
highest character and has resulted in obtaining most important 
information, and the Bureau is glad to state that notwithstand- 
ing the delicacy of many of its investigations, no complaint 
has ever been made by any one charging unfairness or dis- 
crimination. 

The Bureau particularly prides itself upon the results which 
have been obtained and the way they have been obtained. The 
work involves very great difficulty, as it was necessary, before 
undertaking any work, to make a very careful examination of 
all its workers, in order to eliminate the attempts of various 
disloyal persons (aliens and others) to obtain information and 
connection with the Bureau to forward private ends. 

The Bureau, in the future, will not only continue its efforts 
along the lines above indicated, but expects, during the read- 
justment period, to investigate all questions involving re- 
construction, commercial and personal. New fields for its en- 
deavors are constantly presented, which it expects to cover. 

The Bureau takes pleasure in stating that it has received 
cordial co-operation from all the various governmental, state 
and city bureaus and departments, including the Police De- 
partment, with which it has been associated. 

112413 



PUBLICITY BUREAU 

aw 

The conception of the Mayor's Committee in establishing this 
Bureau was that a means might be found by which the Federal 
authorities at Washington could communicate requests made 
of the Mayor's Committee from that and other sources, so that 
these might be made known promptly to the millions of people 
of New York City and State. It has been the endeavor to use 
this Bureau as a means for so translating the Federal require- 
ments that the general program could be brought more inti- 
mately to the multitude. 

This Bureau has been maintained in the first place for the 
purpose of bringing home to the people the important activities 
of the various sub-committees and administrative bureaus 
under the direction of the Executive Committee. This practi- 
cally amounted to a daily report to the people of New York 
City of the work that was constantly being done on behalf of 
the defense program of the Government and of the City, for 
which purpose the Mayor's Committee primarily organized the 
Publicity Bureau. 

In the second place, it has served as a medium of expression 
virtually for the thousands of requests and desires of the vari- 
ous governmental branches, and also organizations of all kinds 
and sizes which desired the Committee's assistance to gain the 
desired requests in the quickest possible time. Thus, this sec- 
tion, as other sections of the Mayor's Committee, acted in 
effect as a real Government bureau, and it served practically 
every leading patriotic organization as well as numerous 
smaller ones seeking the aid of the Mayor's Committee as the 
recognized New York City unit of the several Government de- 
partments at Washington. 

This aid was rendered promptly and willingly in every case. 

11242;] 




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PUBLICITY BUREAU 



The service was given with special satisfaction when the appli- 
cant for assistance happened to be a worthy organization with 
but few resources, and also perhaps lacking the official status 
necessary for it to obtain the requisite recognition. 

TO PREVENT OVERLAPPING 

The Mayor's Committee has in other directions effectively 
served to prevent overlapping, and has acted as a great clearing 
house for a host of activities which crowded every department 
during the course of the war. 

Scrupulous care was taken that no publicity should be issued 
from the Mayor's Committee to the newspapers unless the 
Committee was well assured of the status of the individual 
applicant or organization, and particular attention was given 
that in no case should any advantage be taken of any newspa- 
per which was granting the hospitality of its columns to the 
Committee. 

An example of the speed with which it is necessary to work 
was shown in the sudden call made by the Mayor's Committee 
to the more than 100,000 participants in the Independence 
Day Pageant-Parade of 1918. The newspapers were the only 
possible medium through which to reach the many racial groups 
taking part in the effort of the Mayor's Committee to weld 
into a marching force a vast, unmobilized body of people with 
little or no military training. 

To notify these widely scattered groups of the rules laid 
down by the Committee, the place and time of assembly of 
their units, etc., an appeal through the newspapers of all 
languages was the only possible recourse. As related elsewhere 
in this volume, the result was all that could be desired. 

Other notable examples of the effectiveness of a wisely oper- 
ated Publicity Bureau, having the confidence of the news- 
papers, were shown in the generous space given in connection 
with the efforts of the Mayor's Committee in the various drives 
for filling up the quotas of enlistment; the prompt despatch of 
the 27th Division for Spartanburg, and the New York visit of 

11243] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

the 77th Division from Yaphank on Washington's Birthday, 
19 18. Through the columns of the New York newspapers the 
needs of the Army and Navy are sent broadcast in various 
languages, and the long lines of recruits at the Committee's 
headquarters in the Hall of Records testify to the eifective speed 
of this method of communication. 

THOUSANDS OF RESPONSES 

The value of the Publicity Bureau was again demonstrated in 
a call made for volunteer workers for the important Intelligence 
Bureau of the Mayor's Committee, and also by another notice 
circulated by the Publicity Bureau for women helpers in a Gov- 
ernment department. This brought between five and six thou- 
sand applicants to the offices of the Mayor's Committee. At 
all times this Bureau ably assists all arms of the Federal service 
requiring help. 

The efforts of the Committee's Employment Bureau were 
successfully presented by the Publicity Bureau, as was the work 
of the Bureau in helping to enforce the 'Tight or Work" order. 
The activities of the sub-committees under the direction of the 
Mayor's Committee have been popularized in many instances 
by the work of this Bureau. For example, the report of the 
Sub-Committee on Risks and Insurance, which might ordinarily 
be considered as dry reading, was carried in a large number of 
newspapers, while editorial comment was made in several pa- 
pers on the value of such a committee in time of war. 

This Department of the Mayor's Committee has grown to 
be a veritable funnel for the dissemination of information and 
appeals of every kind. This service was rendered by every 
member of the extensive personnel of the Mayor's Committee 
for the alleviation of suffering and the increasing of human 
comfort and welfare in every case brought to its attention. 

UPHOLDING JOURNALISTIC TRADITIONS 

Acknowledgment is hereby made of the generous and courte- 
ous treatment which was accorded to the manifold demands of 

[I244II 



PUBLICITY BUREAU 



WC^EH AS 

MAYOR'S COMMinEEf VOLOPEER FOR 
TOCONTROLBDILDING SECRET S" 



Will Issue Permits Only for Es-I Directors of Mayor's. National De-' 
sentiaj Worlc.in wnr u '^noe Comimt^ee Calls for In- 

gram. \ tellig«»- "wear 

»?\ V/ 



Workers. 



GOMLESGEIT 
SOLDERS 

Mayor's Cornmittee Arranges to 

Entertain Them on the 

Vacht Surf. 





Jiouncemerit to Be Published Tomorrow Embody.n? 
ISjovemmenfs Conservation Program, W.ll Include . 
jOne DelWery a Day and Redu<;tion in Number 
of Specials^ 
^Javr.^'^ r '~^ «F WAR BOARD 

erf. ,h "-' 

~~ .'I'lffffe of 



tbs Msssflt and 






Vsfi;»5i21S 



pfiiE ma OF 




Mayor's Committee on National 
Defense Arranges Celebra- 
tions on East Side. 

piiisms BOX 



Tn ksa-J 

TO rl^ OROER 



Egan, 



gan. Usher and Hylan Will |0»« „ei. *°* Mayor.'s iDefencs Committee 
Welcome Royal Visitor at L^» >°*' j Makes Public Regulations That 
Mayor's Commitlfifl Lunch. | *" -"" Wus t Be Observed . 




SPECIMEN HEADINGS FROM AMONG THE THOUSANDS OF 

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES PUBLISHED ON THE WORK 

OF THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE 



112453 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

the Mayor's Committee on the part of the press, which was 
already greatly overburdened with war news. The metropoli- 
tan press, as well as many publications much further afield, 
granted space day after day to the announcements of the Com- 
mittee without direct or indirect advantage other than the uni- 
versal desire, so admirably expressed, to serve the country in its 
time of need by every means possible. When the record of these 
activities is written, a great amount of credit will be awarded 
to the press by the Mayor's Committee, as by the nation at 
large, for the faithful fulfilment of the best traditions of 
journalism in dealing with the demands made day after day and 
night after night upon the managing editors. 

Herewith are reproduced in facsimile a few specimen extracts 
from among the thousands of press articles which have appeared 
on the work of the Mayor's Committee. In some instances full 
pages have been given in the metropolitan press, despite the 
great pressure upon space through the news demands incidental 
to the war. 



n2463 



RECRUITING BUREAU 

Affixed upon the front of the Hall of Records, facing City Hall 
Park, is a large sign reading: 

The Mayor's Committee on National Defense 

Army — Navy — Marine 

Recruiting Station 

The Mayor's Committee was, for a considerable time, the 
only place in America where, as indicated by the above legend, 
an applicant could enlist for any of the major branches of war 
service. The example thus set has since been adopted in other 
cities, to the great economy and increasing usefulness of the 
general Federal service. 

Previous to this unification of war activities, there were nu- 
merous recruiting bureaus throughout Greater New York, 
operating for distinct and varied purposes. The patient — or 
impatient — applicant was compelled to travel long distances 
and expend time, money and energy to obtain the information 
which he now receives at the Hall of Records as the result of a 
single visit. One young college man reported that he had gone 
to nineteen different recruiting offices, and had practically given 
up in despair of ever joining the armed service of his country by 
reason of a physical disability. Coming to this Bureau, his case 
was quickly adjusted, and he entered upon his desired work at 
once. 

Within this building there are the recruiting departments of 
the Third Naval District and of the Military Department of 
the East, operating from Governor's Island. Liaison officers 
are assigned to the Mayor's Committee, both by the Army and 
Navy Departments, and hundreds of applicants have been dealt 
with daily, on the average. 

n247 3 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



AN ACTIVE PROPAGANDA 

The activities of the Recruiting Bureau are not confined to the 
extensive offices given over exclusively for this purpose. An 
active propaganda is carried on with the general public to rein- 
force the efforts of local recruiting offices, which oftentimes are 
handicapped in the matter of placing posters, securing trans- 
portation, providing music for parades, arranging patriotic 
speaking rallies, street meetings, publicity, etc. 

The Mayor's Committee has carried through successfully 
many important meetings at Madison Square Garden, the Met- 
ropolitan Opera House, Cooper Union, Carnegie Hall and the 
various armories. Multitudes of street meetings have also been 
arranged for, at which music and speakers were provided by the 
Committee, as well as motor transportation for those taking 
part. Thousands of effective posters have been issued by this 
Department, and placed throughout the Greater City. Co- 
operation has been had from members of the Mayor's Com- 
mittee on Arts and Decoration and other organizations to make 
these posters attractive and effective. More than a hundred 
thousand leaflets, giving varied and detailed information re- 
garding all branches of the service, number of men handled, 
etc., have been distributed. 

Through the Transportation Bureau thousands of dollars' 
worth of free automobile, truck and bus service has been secured 
by the Mayor's Committee, not only to help on special recruit- 
ing drives for the different branches of the service, but also to 
transport the recruits when they were leaving for camp or ship. 

THE "PIVOT" MAN 

A YOUNG applicant that comes to the office to-day first signs a 
card giving the necessary information concerning himself and 
stating what branch of the service he desires to enter. He is 
then passed on to what might be called a "pivot" man, who is 
in a position to give facts covering the needs of recruiting in all 

1:2483 



RECRUITING BUREAU 



branches of the service. After interviewing the applicant, he 
is then sent by the pivot man to the regular representative of 
one of the armed branches of the service. It is safe to state 
that since this plan was perfected and put into action, the cases 
have been very rare where a man has not obtained the fullest 
information and been properly advised as to the exact branch 
that he not only is fitted for, but the one that he has the best 
chance of joining. The following form represents the informa- 
tion an applicant is asked to give: 







? MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

? RECRUITING COMMITTEE 

!_ HALL OF RECORDS, CHAMBERS ST., NEWiYORK 

? 1 9 1 8 

I intend joining the United States Forces. Please consider my quali- 
fications. 

My age is yrs mos. My experience has been as follows: 

LINE OF BUSINESS YEARS NAME AND ADDRESS OF EMPLOYER 


























ORDER No ) 


NAME 


MN DE 
CLASS No ) 

CITIZENSHIP,.. 


AFT 


A.DDRESS 

CITY 







SPECIAL DRAFT QUOTAS 

The pivot man is in possession of essentials generally and 
is in direct communication daily with the various recruit- 
ing offices and with the authorities at Washington, the 
Marines, the Merchant Marine, the Army, State Guard, Quar- 
termaster Corps, the British and other Missions. The 
Adjutant-General's office occasionally details a special rep- 
resentative to this office to secure special quotas of men in the 
draft who are classified as limited military service men. The 
records show that since February i, 19 18, when the new plan 
went into effect, more than 85,000 men have applied at this office 
to join the forces of the Government, and it is safe to say that 

C2493 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

not more than a thousand have failed to enter the service. The 
mail that is received daily comes from every State in the Union. 
The bulk of the letters are, or course, from New York City, but 
letters asking assistance have come from many parts of the 
United States, Alaska, Canada, Bermuda and Cuba. The 
Bureau not only gives information about recruiting, but con- 
cerning passports, naturalization papers, the relation of our 
Government to other Governments so far as the draft is con- 
cerned, etc. It is in close touch also with the Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office, which has rooms adjoining the recruiting office, as 
well as with the branch of the Red Cross service that deals 
especially with soldiers' allotments. 



"WORK OR FIGHT" ORDERS 

It is also adjoined on the opposite side by a branch of the Fed- 
eral Reserve Employment Bureau, and has direct relations with 
that bureau; also with the Adjutant-General's office in charge 
of the draft in regard to the "Work or Fight" order recently 
issued by the Provost-Marshal-General, and the State Anti-loaf- 
ing Law. The poster work, distribution of pamphlets, and the 
other matters previously mentioned are still going on. All 
kinds of questions concerning the war naturally arise in this 
office. The members of the Draft Boards when in doubt about 
a given matter freely consult this Bureau. An example of a 
special drive for recruiting is given by the following circular: 

The Quartermaster Corps of the Army is in need of the following 
class of men: 

Stenographers Horseshoers 

Typists Butchers 

Ex-Firemen Laundry-men 

Chauffeurs Refrigerator plant men 
Auto Mechanics 

If you have had experience in one of these lines and are ready to 
go into active service within two weeks, apply to Room 615, Hall of 
Records, New York City. 

Men in Class 2, 3, 4, 5, and Class i-A limited, or special service, 
if qualified, are acceptable. 

L2503 



RECRUITING BUREAU 



This Bureau of the Mayor's Committee then places the 
proper publicity and from five hundred to eight hundred appli- 
cants will appear the next morning. A call may suddenly come 
from the U. S. Adjutant-General's office for men with certain 
qualifications for staff work. When the representative of that 
office appears, he will be greeted by from three hundred to one 
thousand men; and he always is satisfied because he has secured 
the full quota of men that the Adjutant-General's office desires. 

One of the psychological matters of interest in this Bureau 
comes about whenever the Allies have been in action and at- 
tained some striking success, or otherwise, on the battle-field. 
Recruiting immediately is stimulated to a greater extent. For 
instance, when the Germans started their great drives, begin- 
ning March 21st, recruiting immediately took on great activity. 

The New York Police Department has assigned to the 
Mayor's Committee a special police detail to assist in the 
proper handling of the large numbers of applicants who answer 
special calls for service as issued from time to time. 



CORRECTING MISCONCEPTIONS 

The Merchant Marine recently sent a representative to this 
Bureau and within four weeks' time he had secured so many 
men for that service that they had to limit him to definite num- 
bers per day. All kinds of illusions must be overcome. For 
example, there seemed to be a general opinion that men wanted 
for the Merchant Marine were of the rougher class, or those 
who had little education, or were useless for skilled industrial 
work. This misconception was corrected. It can readily be 
understood that a bureau of this kind has the most difficult prop- 
osition to face of any recruiting office in the country. For in- 
stance, men come in lacking the physical qualifications for any 
branch of the service — a man with a wooden leg, with poor 
eyesight, or with one eye gone; honorably discharged soldiers, 
who wish to get back into the service; men who are slackers; 
men who have recently returned from some foreign trip and 

1:250 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

know nothing about the draft laws or about the particulars for 
service, or which service to enter; foreigners with their first pa- 
pers; etc. 

NEED FOR SIMILAR BUREAUS 

The U, S. Adjutant-General's office has made the statement 
that this is the only bureau of its kind in America, and has ex- 
pressed the opinion that it might be advisable to establish 
similar bureaus in all the large cities of the country. The Sec- 
retary of the Navy highly commended the work of the Bureau. 
There has been no real recruiting drive in the City of New 
York that did not have back of it the help and, in many cases, 
the initiative of this Bureau for its success. It can also be safely 
stated that there is not a head of recruiting in the City who has 
not commended the work that has been done by this Bureau. 

There are hundreds of different kinds of service that a person 
properly qualified can join. The Army, the Navy and the Ma- 
rines are the three great branches, but these have numerous 
branches both for line and staff work. The sudden calls for cer- 
tain quotas, with the continuous calls for recruiting in the ma- 
jor services, amply justify the sustenance of such an up-to-date 
bureau of information. Even the Federal Government receives 
some guidance, as it does not know just what needs it will have 
until suddenly a new call is made and the recruiting officers 
are required to fill them through this Bureau. 

Following is a partial list of the special branches of the major 
services which have been served by this Department of the 
Mayor's Committee: 

Armored cars Blacksmiths 

Artillery, coast Boys, deck 
field " mess 

" heavy Carpenters 

" light Cavalry 

Auto-mechanics Chauffeurs 

Aviation Clerks 

Bakers Coal passers 

Bandsmen Cobblers 

[252^ 



RECRUITING BUREAU 



Cooks, chief 

" 2d 

" 3d 
Electricians 
Embarkation guard and fire 

companies 
Engineer corps 
Firemen 

Gas and flame service 
Gas engine experts 
Horse-shearers 
Infantry 
Laundrymen 
Machinists 
iMedical department 
Merchant marine 
Messmen, engineers' 

" sailors' and firemen's 



Oilers 

Ordnance corps 

Quartermaster's corps 

Radio operators 

Remount depots 

Repair shops 

Salesmen for small stores 

Seamen, able 

Sewing machine operators 

Signal corps 

Stenographers 

Supply companies 

Tanks 

Telephone linemen 

Typists 

Veterinary corps 

Water tenders 

Welders and coppersmiths 



The foregoing list represents but a portion of the numerous 
classifications for which men have been supplied from the Re- 
cruiting Bureau as one of the busiest divisions of the Mayor's 
Committee. 

Added activities were inaugurated with the Naval Depart- 
ment by the installation of very large offices for the Third 
Naval District. Closer co-operation with the requirements of 
the Navy were thus had by the Mayor's Committee at the Hall 
of Records; and approximately 100,000 men were thus put into 
this and the related branches of the service at a time when they 
were most badly needed. 



n253] 



RED CROSS AND CIVIC AID BUREAU 

THIS Bureau of the Mayor's Committee was established 
early in the war in order to render efficient relief to the 
families and friends of all persons in the service of their 
country, and in order to expedite the securing of such relief by 
arrangement with the American Red Cross. A special bureau 
was installed at the Hall of Records, in charge of experienced 
Red Cross workers, to make effective this form of benefit in 
connection with the work of the Mayor's Committee on Na- 
tional Defense. 

The attempt was made to respond to the thousands of requests 
which were coming in for relief and various forms of help; for 
the securing of information for the men in service to meet their 
every need; for the more intimate means of relationship and 
communication between those at the front and their home 
people; and, in fact, to meet every requirement which arose 
through the gigantic necessities of war. In the performance of 
its duties, this Bureau has been singularly successful, and, as 
was perhaps natural, the Home Service Section soon proved to 
be the chief responsibility of this Department. 

The Home Service program, as initiated and carried through, 
represents that phase of the work which is concerned with the 
welfare of the families of men enlisted in the service of the 
country and also of families resident in this country of men 
enlisted in the service of our Allies. The scope of this work 
was of the widest nature and extended to families of men in 
all branches of the service, and also to the families of those who 
have been wounded or killed as a direct result of war activities. 

Its object is to sustain in the most effective way the morale 
of the men in the service by helping to maintain through 
friendly counsel and neighborly assistance the welfare of their 

[254;] 



RED CROSS AND CIVIC AID BUREAU 



families at home. Thus a man is assured that his dependents 
enjoy good health and are kept, so far as is possible, in good 
spirits and are enjoying their normal standards of life. The 
aim ultimately is to help those who are befriended by this form 
of home service to be both self-reliant and self-dependent. The 
service rendered is essentially not one of relief in the sense of 
money payments or allowances of food and clothing, although 
financial help is always ready when really required. It is 
rather the duty and privilege of this section of the Mayor's 
Committee work to represent the intensive interest and desire 
of the people of the United States to do for the families of 
soldiers and sailors all those individualized friendly services 
which the Government necessarily cannot attempt to do. A 
notable feature in this program is the after-care of crippled 
soldiers and sailors returning to this country. This feature in- 
cludes advice to those who have suffered from injury or dis- 
ease, so that Government compensation similar to workmen's 
compensation will be available. 

BY EARNING CAPACITY 

This compensation is simply another form of the pensions 
which were paid the injured Civil War veterans and their 
families. Total disability resulting from military or naval 
service pays from $30 to $100 per month from the Gov- 
ernment, according to the size of a man's family and the nature 
of his disability. In case of partial disability, this payment 
will be made in proportion to the individual loss in earning 
capacity. 

The Mayor's Committee advises a claimant how to fill 
out the necessary forms, thus saving the hiring of an attorney 
or claim agent, in line with the express statement of the law 
that "no claim agent or attorney shall be recognized in the 
presentation of claims" for compensation. 

This friendly service also applies to arrears of pay. If one 
has good reason to believe that he has been underpaid, con- 
sultation is invited with this section. Advice is given as 

[2553 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

to how to apply to the Government for further moneys, and this 
service is rendered in such a form that it is unnecessary to 
retain a claim agent or attorney to file the claim. 

Free legal advice is also a service which is rendered and which 
is appreciated by any applicant who cannot afford to pay for 
it. A committee of some of the leading attorneys of New York 
City is available for this form of advice for the benefit of the 
claimant and his family. Some cases have arisen where a court 
has rendered judgment against a man serving with the colors; 
and if such adjustment has gone by default either while a man 
is in the army or within thirty days after his discharge, an Act 
provides that he may still have his chance in court. This 
Bureau assists such applicants, and in a number of cases it has 
been possible to reopen the case and give the applicant an op- 
portunity of defending the action. 

Payments on a mortgage on property may have become over- 
due, but the Bureau is able to advise in line with the Act pro- 
vided, whereby such a sale would be void, unless by special 
order of the court, until ninety days after an applicant has been 
discharged. This proviso applies only to mortgages executed 
before a given date, and is effective concerning property which 
was owned before the applicant went into the service. 

HUMAN ALLEVIATION 

The same form of advice may also be had without charge in 
the case of overdue taxes or payments on a private insurance 
policy. 

In brief, every returned service man will find a fully equipped 
information bureau ready at his command in this section of the 
useful activities of the Mayor's Committee. His rights will be 
carefully explained under the existing regulations for the bene- 
fit of the enlisted man and his relatives. He and his family may 
want to know how to keep his Government insurance from 
lapsing; how to file claim of compensation for injury in the 
service; of the plans the Government is providing to return 
discharged service men to industry; how to apply for arrears 

1236-2 



RED CROSS AND CIVIC AID BUREAU 



of pay; how long the Government allowance to the family of a 
service man should continue, etc., etc. 

It is not necessary for such a claimant in Greater New York 
or elsewhere, who is in touch with this section of the Mayor's 
Committee, to write to Washington to learn these things. They 
can all be answered accurately and promptly at the Hall of 
Records. 

There is hardly a department of the great home activities of 
the Red Cross which is not touched at one point or another by 
the operations of the Mayor's Committee; and those working 
at the Committee headquarters are busied steadily with the 
many demands made upon them for human alleviation of one 
sort or another. 



n2573 



SPEAKERS' BUREAU 

FIFTEEN HUNDRED WORKERS 

"Let us go down, and there confound their language" might 
apply to New York almost as much as it did to Babel in the days 
of Genesis. Nearly a hundred tongues and dialects are spoken 
within the confines of Greater New York, and the work of the 
Speakers' Bureau must be polyglot to correspond. 
. Fifteen hundred speakers serve this department of the 
Mayor's Committee and represent all political, religious and 
national groups. However much printing matter may roll from 
the presses, and however great its linguistic variety may be, the 
Federal program for winning the war must be spread to great 
sections of the population by word of mouth. By the spoken 
word alone, from their own recognized leaders, will much of the 
great foreign-born population receive instruction as to the needs 
of the times. 

The remarkable results of such propaganda are shown in the 
three Liberty Loans. On the East Side, for instance, the sub- 
scriptions for the First Loan were practically negligible and 
were hardly reported; the subscriptions for the Second Liberty 
Loan amounted to $250,000; and for the Third Liberty Loan, 
$12,000,000. A considerable proportion of credit for this re- 
markable growth in the best kind of patriotic interest among 
the alien population is due not alone to the Speakers' Bureau of 
the Mayor's Committee, but to the other agencies which have 
carried through the oral educational propaganda with such 
effectiveness. 

EXPLAINING THE DRAFT 

The need for a Speakers' Bureau was further accentuated on 
the occasion of the draft registration. The evening before reg- 
istration day the Bureau sent out a small army of speakers 

n258n 



SPEAKERS' BUREAU 



numbering nearly four hundred, who spoke throughout the City 
in explanation of the significance of registration day. 

Addresses are made in many languages, and the requirements 
demanded of the speakers, outside of platform ability, are that 
they should be one hundred per cent. American and able to de- 
liver a real war message on loyalty, Americanization, recruiting 
or any of the vital subjects of the day. Speakers are coached 
to bring home to the people the facts in relation to the war and 
the welding of the civic life in every phase of its social and 
economic aspects. Official literature and other educational 
features are freely supplied by the Mayor's Committee's 
workers for this purpose. 

The standing and reputation of all speakers are carefully in- 
vestigated, and no one is assigned to address any meeting under 
the auspices of the Mayor's Committee who has not been 
vouched for to the Committee from some reputable and patriotic 
source. 

USEFUL FORMS OF SERVICE 

"Send 'em away with a smile!" was the slogan of the Mayor's 
Committee in inaugurating the notable series of send-off" meet- 
ings both for volunteers and for men in the Draft. These have 
been a stirring success, and scores of Local Draft Boards apply 
for the speakers of ability and sympathy who go from this 
Bureau with a word of cheer for the men who go to serve their 
country's cause. Bands of music, with buses and other means 
of transportation, send the men off in good spirits. 

Hundreds of patriotic meetings have been served from the 
Mayor's Committee with speakers and music; and in many in- 
stances these have been completely staffed with speakers, music, 
transportation, etc., from the Hall of Records. Co-operation 
is had with the Naval and Military branches of the Government 
in all these matters, and one of the most useful forms of serv- 
ice on the Mayor's Committee emanates in this form from the 
Speakers' Bureau. Co-operation is had by this Bureau with 
virtually every other department of the many activities of the 
Mayor's Committee. 

112593 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

The Bureau functions in two ways: co-operatively and inde- 
pendently. In other words, it arranges meetings on its own 
account, and likewise assigns speakers to meetings which have 
been arranged by other organizations. It is keeping constantly 
in touch with the programs and suggestions of the Council of 
National Defense, in which programs and suggestions speakers 
for the Committee are asked to co-operate. The Committee on 
Public Information at Washington supplies the Red, White and 
Blue series of information pamphlets as fast as printed. These 
are distributed to speakers for their value in connection with the 
talks made. The Committee on Public Information has also re- 
ceived from the Mayor's Committee a list of speakers to whom 
they have been requested to send the daily Official U. S. Bul- 
letin, with the idea of keeping the speakers of this Bureau well 
informed upon present-day events. 

ASSISTANCE FOR RECRUITING 

This Bureau arranged for speakers during a period of several 
weeks for recruiting for the Merchant Marine and the U. S. 
Navy. The success of the first few meetings arranged for mer- 
chant marine recruiting was so unexpectedly large that the U. S. 
Shipping Board notified its local inspector of recruiting that 
they could not handle any more enlistments for the present. 

Valuable assistance was rendered by this Department in re- 
cruiting to fill the ranks of the 27th Division, National Army. 
Co-operation has also been largely given in the "Tanks" re- 
cruiting and for the U. S. Naval Reserve. An interesting com- 
bination recruiting rally was held under the auspices of this 
Committee in June last, at City Hall Park, at which every 
branch of the U. S. Service was represented as well as the Brit- 
ish and Canadian Recruiting Mission. 

LOCAL DRAFT BOARDS 

The Speakers' Bureau of the Mayor's Committee invited the 
189 Local Draft Boards to apply to it for speakers who would 
address the drafted men on the day of entrainment, and give 

12602 



SPEAKERS' BUREAU 



them what was called, for want of a better name, a "Send-them- 
away-with-a-smile" talk. Over one hundred of the Local Boards 
responded to this invitation and between the hours of seven and 
nine on the mornings of April 27th, 28th, and 29th, speakers 
from this Bureau gave ten-minute talks at every Local Board 
requesting this service. These meetings were highly successful 
and numerous "repeat" requests have been received since that 
time. Acting on a suggestion contained in a Bulletin of the 
Council of National Defense, speakers are now instructed, when 
addressing drafted men, to embody in their talks further advice 
on the subject of Hygiene, the advantages of War Risk Insur- 
ance, and information on other subjects of vital interest to them. 

LIBERTY LOAN 

During the Third Liberty Loan campaign, this Bureau, as in 
the other earlier drives, furnished speakers for between three 
and five Liberty Loan meetings a day in addition to its regular 
and routine work. It is prepared to co-operate and assist to an 
even greater degree in the next drive. 

RED CROSS 

Close co-operation was had with all the different Speakers' 
Bureaus of the Red Cross during its drive of last May. Upon 
the request of the Speakers' Bureau of the Atlantic Division of 
the Red Cross some of the Committee's speakers were assigned 
exclusively to Red Cross work during that time. 

U. S. FOOD ADMINISTRATION 

The Speakers' Bureau of this organization has been assisted 
on a very great many occasions. A comprehensive list of Yid- 
dish speakers has been supplied in propaganda work. Through 
the fine co-operation of the British and Canadian Recruiting 
Mission it has been possible to supply the Food Administration 
Speakers' Bureau, as well as many other organizations, with 
overseas service men for talks on all occasions. 

1:261:1 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE 

The Speakers' Bureau of the above Committee and the Mayor's 
Committee Speakers' Bureau have co-operated to a very large 
extent. Speakers for a large number of meetings were supplied 
during their recent campaign, and previously, which were 
purely of a War Savings Stamp nature. The Mayor's Com- 
mittee has been instrumental in securing for this Bureau one of 
their "feature" speakers, and in all other ways possible have co- 
operated with them. 

"SERVICE FLAG" MEETINGS 

Co-OPERATION regarding the supply of speakers is in operation 
with the National Security League, American Defense Society, 
K. of C, Labor Temple, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Y. M. H. A., 
Stage Women's War Relief, and innumerable settlement houses, 
churches and schools. Speakers have been supplied for the 
Educational Alliance Weekly Forum held throughout the win- 
ter and spring months; and speakers are sent for the East Side 
patriotic meetings and park meetings held in the Bronx by the 
Alliance. 

An interesting service that this Bureau has been called upon 
to do is the assignment of speakers to "Service Flag" meetings 
throughout all neighborhoods of Greater New York. The oc- 
casion of the unfurling of a "Service Flag," although purely 
local to the block or neighborhood in which it is raised, is one, it 
seems to the Mayor's Committee, to be of more than local inter- 
est and importance. Notably good results have come from the 
efforts made in supplying speakers for these affairs. 

INDUSTRIAL WORK 

Some of the Bureau's speakers have given a splendid service 
among the workers in the ship-yards, safeguarding wherever 
possible by their patriotic appeals against the ever-present dan- 
ger of strikes. 

12622 



SPEAKERS' BUREAU 



Letters have recently been received from the American Com- 
mittee on Armenian and Syrian Relief and the Italian War 
Relief Fund of America asking for the co-operation of the 
Speakers' Bureau of the Mayor's Committee in bringing before 
the audiences whom its speakers address the pressing needs of 
these foreign countries and the part Italy is playing in the great 
war. 

While outside of the strict scope of its activities, this Bureau 
has frequently been called upon and has been able to supply 
professional talent, music and entertainment for various patri- 
otic meetings. 

These meetings have been held in every part of Greater New 
York, in various sections of the State, and in many parts of 
Long Island, Connecticut and New Jersey. They have been 
held indoors and out, on the street corners and in auditoriums, 
in work-shops and theatres, from the tops of Fifth Avenue buses 
and in banquet-halls. Talks have been made in English, 
French, Italian, Russian, Polish, Yiddish, and other tongues. 
The speakers have been drawn from all walks of life, each one, 
however, possessing certain qualifications which make him fitted 
for certain types of audience. 

A GREATER USEFULNESS 

A SURVEY of the work accomplished by the Speakers' Bureau of 
the Mayor's Committee has led to plans for further usefulness 
in the following directions: 

Aside from a continuance of the present propaganda and loy- 
alty meetings, and all possible co-operation with existing organi- 
zations, an important service is being rendered during the period 
of the war by a corps of speakers, whose names and reputations 
have considerable influence among employees in the various 
war industries. To these speakers is assigned the task of help- 
ing to keep the workers free from the taint of German propa- 
ganda and imbued with a patriotic endeavor to do their bit, and 
prevent strikes. This is made possible through arranging for 
noon-day meetings in the shops, plants and yards at certain 

1:263:] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

definite times in the week or month, at which speakers with a 
sympathy for and knowledge of the psychology of their audience 
make short, inspiring talks. 

SEND-OFF MEETINGS 

As an extension of the present activities, large meetings of 
drafted men (the combined quotas of several Local Boards) are 
being arranged for several days before the time of entrainment, 
where speakers are sent from the Mayor's Committee to inform 
the men on many matters in which they are often entirely unin- 
formed when leaving for camp. 

This Bureau also is continuing the city-wide Americanization 
program by means of a well organized foreign-language group 
of speakers, who know their audiences and are able to explain 
in easily understood phrases the advantages of and require- 
ments for American citizenship. The Draft Act has done more 
to make the foreign groups of New York City loyal Americans 
than any other one thing before the war; it now remains for that 
fluid loyalty to be turned into substantial American citizenship, 
and part of that task is the duty of the Speakers' Bureau and 
its volunteer workers. 



L264I 



TRANSPORTATION BUREAU 



T 



,000 GIVEN IN TRANSPORTATION 

HE Transportation Bureau started without the record 
of a single automobile, truck or bus, but rapidly laid the 
foundation for a list of automobile, truck, bus, van and taxicab 
owners that completely covered the vehicular service of the City. 
There now is available a list of ninety thousand owners of 
pleasure cars, five thousand owners of vans, over ten thousand 
trucks of all tonnage, and the vehicles of the sight-seeing and 
taxicab companies. 

Cars are held at the command of the Army, Navy and other 
departments of the Federal Government for the quick action 
which is necessary in war times. Speed, it is recognized by the 
Mayor's Committee, is the essence of war work, and ordinarily 
it is only necessary for the Committee to receive a call for a 
remarkably prompt response to be made. The Transportation 
Bureau keeps in touch with the various motor corps which 
are doing so splendid a work, not alone for officials but in con- 
veying convalescents from the military and naval hospitals, and 
in transporting the wounded by their ambulance organizations. 

Calculating the work done on a modest rental value, the 
records of this Department show that from its inception it has 
secured free of charge over |6oo,ooo worth of automobile ser- 
vice, and has served over ninety-two patriotic and war service 
organizations, as well as recruiting stations representative of 
every branch of the United States Service, besides numerous 
branches of many organizations. In all, over three hundred 
different units of this kind have been served. This Department 
has been given entire possession of about twenty automobiles, 
as well as having received about |3,ooo in cash donations in 
lieu of automobile service. The Mayor's Committee wishes here 
to express its grateful appreciation to the owners of cars, and 

1:265] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Others who have so generously contributed to the success of this 
Bureau. 

ESSENTIALS OF TRANSPORTATION 

Some of the cars that were secured were turned over to the 
Brooklyn Navy Yard, Camp Upton, British-Canadian Mission, 
Fourteenth State Guard Regiment, and similar services. Such 
recruiting stations demand a great deal of this Bureau. It 
seems to have been proved essential for the carrying out of any 
propaganda, program or campaign, such as the First, Second or 
Third Liberty Loan Campaign, Red Cross, National Food Com- 
mittee, Recruiting and other major Federal campaigns, to have 
a well organized vehicular service, to all of which movements 
substantial co-operation has been given. For example, it would 
have been impossible for the Recruiting Committee of the 
Mayor's Committee to have posted 300,000 to 400,000 posters 
without the service of automobiles that were donated. It would 
have been just as impossible for many organizations to pay 
for the rental of the necessary cars. 

There is a steady and growing demand for this kind of service. 
Every week or two, on the average, some new campaign or drive 
is planned which makes a special demand for co-operation from 
this Department. The Second Liberty Loan Campaign was im- 
mediately followed by the National Food Campaign for food 
conservation pledges. This was followed by a recruiting drive 
on the part of the Naval Recruiting Stations of the City for four 
hundred to five hundred firemen to be used on the transport 
service. The Transportation Bureau rose to all of the oc- 
casions. 

Besides providing transportation for all the great war-time 
campaigns, this Department has also been called upon to pro- 
vide hundreds of bands and music of various kinds, buglers, 
fifers, drummers and singers. Every parade, such as the National 
Guard Parade, National Army Parade, Liberty Loan Parades, 
Washington Day Parade and Independence Day Parade, has 
seen this Department in the thick of the work. For instance, 

12662 



TRANSPORTATION BUREAU 



thirty-one bands were provided for the National Army Parade, 
twenty-seven bands for the Second Liberty Loan Parade, more 
than a score for the Third Liberty Loan Parade, thirty-one 
bands for the National Army Parade, besides which many 
military and other units that participated were likewise served. 
Over 125 bands were secured for the great Independence Day 
Parade of 19 18, largely through this Bureau. 

EXPERT ADVICE GIVEN 

The advice of this Bureau has been sought in many con- 
ferences in which plans were laid for some campaign of patriotic 
and Federal activity. There was suggested by this Department 
to the Committee of the Second Liberty Loan the plan of plac- 
ing wind-shield posters on all the motor cars of the city. When 
it was proposed to have a great British Recruiting Campaign, 
the question arose as how to provide subsistence for two bat- 
talions of Canadian "Kilties" who were to be the chief attrac- 
tion for that week's work. The New York Hotel Men's Associa- 
tion was successfully approached to donate the food necessary, 
as well as securing cots, blankets, etc., for the use of the 71st 
Regiment armory as sleeping quarters. This latter alone was 
an item of over two thousand dollars. Cots were provided on 
another occasion on very short notice for the Adjutant-General's 
Office in connection with caring for drafted men who were 
quartered in the 7 1 st Regiment armory. 

Many important Government undertakings have been sup- 
ported by the Department; for example, when the original 
survey for Base Hospital sites in and about New York was 
made by the Surgeon-General's Office of the War Department, 
this Bureau supplied the automobile service which covered a 
two weeks' period. When it was decided to provide entertain- 
ment through the Columbia War Hospital Entertainment Com- 
mittee for the wounded soldiers in the hospitals, this Bureau 
provided the transportation to carry the entertainers to and fro. 
The War Gardens Committee was provided with a car three or 
four times each week. 

1267-2 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

It came to the attention of this Bureau that the men in the 
service on leave were compelled to pay full rates for transporta- 
tion on street cars, etc. In order to help them out, the Bureau 
inaugurated a campaign in March, 19 18, among automobile 
owners of the Greater City and provided them with wind-shield 
signs reading: 



MEN IN SERVICE 

HAVE A LIFT AS FAR AS WE GO 




Mayor's Committee on National Defense 

HALL OF RECORDS BUILDING - NEW YORK CITY 



The public was greatly attracted to this simple means of 
doing something for the boys who have to do the fighting, and 
has called upon this Department for thousands of cards. In 
fact, it became so popular that numerous letters asking for cards 
and information have come in from many sections of the United 
States. A number of other organizations are now rendering a 
similar service of good will to men in uniform. 

MANY SERVICES RENDERED 

Buses were provided for sight-seeing purposes for the benefit 
of the crews of various foreign battle-cruisers; for men at Camp 
Mills from other States of the Union; for the British Ministry 
of Munitions, and for carrying sweaters and other goods to the 
camps and to the battle-ships leaving for foreign ports. Cars 
were provided for the inspectors to handle the transportation 

12682 



TRANSPORTATION BUREAU 



of the captured German U-Boat and the British Tank during 
the Second Liberty Loan campaign; provision was made for 
the moving, at 4:30 in the morning, of equipment, etc., of the 
Second Brigade Headquarters Troop on their way to a southern 
camp; sick children of enlisted soldiers were taken to the water- 
front hospitals and recreation centres; music was provided for 
the continuation of the Patriotic Musical Festival held in 
Central Park; help was given in making arrangements for 
temporary base hospitals by using four local armories; wounded 
men were taken to various camps; illuminated trucks were pro- 
vided for night recruiting; cars for the paymasters of U. S. 
ships and the Brooklyn Navy Yard were provided to help in 
their work of purchasing supplies for their overseas trips; singers 
and speakers were transported to hundreds of patriotic meet- 
ings; trucks were provided for conveying moving picture ap- 
paratus for the Government War Film Service; help was given 
in securing rights for several parades through the Police Depart- 
ment; transportation was supplied in making arrangements for 
various large meetings of the British-Canadian and National 
Service Meetings at Madison Square Garden; trucks, cars, buses 
and bands were provided for the American Alliance for Labor 
and Democracy, as well as buses and bands to take the drafted 
men to the trains on their way to camp from many of the 189 
exemption boards; a report was made on the possibilities of 
vehicular mobilization to the Eastern Headquarters, War 
Department, etc., etc. 

Mention is made of several of these matters merely to give 
an idea of the wide range of activities of this Department. The 
following services have been rendered to organizations and com- 
mittees with their numerous branches: 



EVERY SERVICE SERVED 

Cars were provided for the Draft Director for weeks at a time 
for the inspection of local boards; trucks and cars furnished 
for the Adjutant-General's office; the Surgeon-General's Office 
of the War Department was assisted in taking pictures; help 

II 269 3 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

was given to the Ordnance Department of the Army; War 
Camp Community Service; Committee of the Bar which gives 
free legal advice to men in the service; Salvation Army War 
Fund; all of the Red Cross campaigns; U. S. Marines and 
Knights of Columbus have been taken in buses and autos to the 
station on their way to training camp and on their way to the 
training ships in Boston Harbor; transport of troops to ports of 
embarkation; Y. M. C. A.; special driving for the Secretary 
of the Navy and other officials from Washington; attendance 
upon the Serbian and Japanese official missions; Police Patrol 
boats provided for Governor's Island for the inspection of piers. 
New York Harbor; cars provided for the inspection of Camp 
Mills during the winter of 191 7-18; cars for the Board of Con- 
trol of the War Department for the purpose of inspecting fire 
conditions in the factories where soldiers' uniforms are made; 
cars for officers of the Mineola Flying Field; cars supplied for 
the Navy; car for the Department of National Defense; for 
Columbia War Hospital; War Savings Stamps Campaign; 
buses for 27th Division (New York's Own) ; cars for the dura- 
tion of the Liberty Loan Drive; car for the American Social 
Hygiene Department for the Surgeon-General of the Army; 
car for Governor Whitman for parade; for the 308th Infantry, 
Camp Upton; car for the Legal Advisory Board of Adjutant 
General's Office; for the Junior American Guard; etc. 

For the Federal Recruiting Service the transportation em- 
braced cars for Army Headquarters; Aviation Corps; Brooklyn 
Navy Yard; Brooklyn Army Recruiting; Junior Naval Reserve; 
Marine Corps; Military Training Camp; Navy Headquarters' 
Commander; Naval Reserves; Naval Reserve Coast Defense; 
Naval Militia; Quartermaster's Department; Governor's Island; 
Quartermaster's Enlisted Reserve Corps; etc. 

SOCIETIES HELPED 

In general the service embraced transportation for the New 
York State Military Census; Federal Registration Committee; 
first Liberty Loan Committee and sub-committees; Second 

C270: 



TRANSPORTATION BUREAU 



Liberty Loan Committee and sub-committees; Red Cross (for 
five boroughs) and sub-committees; Auxiliary Civilian Relief 
Red Cross (all boroughs) and sub-committees; National Special 
Aid Society; British Recruiting Mission; Adjutant-General's 
Office (for 189 exemption boards); Veteran Corps of Artillery; 
Militia of Mercy; Kips Bay Neighborhood Association; Bronx 
House; Richmond Hill House; Young Women's Hebrew As- 
sociation; Little Italy House; Headquarters Troop; War De- 
partment Commission on Training Camp Activities; National 
Service Club with branches; Patriotic Service League; Midday 
Minute-men Recruiting Committee; Stage Women's War 
Relief; Machine Gun Company, 71st Regiment; Army and 
Navy Field Kit Comfort Committee; National League for Wo- 
men's Service; Second Brigade Headquarters Troop; Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Club; French Soldiers' and Sailors' Club; Boy 
Scouts of America; Junior American Naval and Marine Scouts; 
New York Sun Tobacco Fund parade under the auspices of the 
Washington Irving High School; Southern Commercial Con- 
gress Reception Committee; American Defense Society; U. S. 
Food Administration; Women's Auxiliary Naval Recruiting 
Committee; 23d Regiment Recruiting Campaign; Brooklyn 
Navy Yard (various divisions); Naval Reserve; Mayor's Food 
Committee; Parade of Recruiting Battalion and Service men; 
National Guard Parade Committee; National Army Parade 
Committee; Poster Committee; cars for speakers, singers, etc., 
for numerous patriotic meetings; U. S. S. "Granite State," Naval 
Reserve; British-Canadian Madison Square Rally; National 
Service Night at Madison Square Garden; Marine and Navy 
Recruiting Committee; National Guard; Musical Festival Com- 
mittee, Central Park; Principals' Club; Officers' Reserve Corps; 
United Polish Societies, and many other incidental items of 
transport. 

A novel system has been developed which facilitates the 
complicated work required, as otherwise it could not be carried 
on successfully in so many directions. 



C27O 



VOLUNTEER SERVICE BUREAU 

MOBILIZING EXPERT HELPERS 

Practically every important war activity is handicapped by 
the shortage of clerical help. Appeals for assistance continually 
reach the Mayor's Committee, and these appeals have resulted 
in the organization of a mobile force of typists, stenographers 
and other helpers who fulfil in an office much the same function 
as is so usefully performed by the Transportation Bureau 
outside; for the typewritten sheets and other interior organiza- 
tion machinery necessarily transport the message from an or- 
ganization to its public. 

This force was organized by the Mayor's Committee to meet 
the demands primarily of its own organization. Membership in 
the Stenographic Bureau requires that a volunteer shall pass a 
test of individual efficiency, and also that the abilities shown 
are proper to the co-ordination between departments and com- 
mittees. 

VOLUNTEER TYPISTS 

The Volunteer Typist Division consists of nearly 250 young 
women, each of whom generously pledges her service. In some 
cases this service has been given every night, as well as on 
Saturday afternoons, by these self-sacrificing workers. This 
generous co-operation was used with special advantage in con- 
nection with the arrangements for the Independence Day 
Pageant-Parade. 

DEVOTED WAR WORKERS 

Many members of this division freely rendered their services 
in the day, and in some cases worked a full day or several full 




READY 

One of the score of special parties of u 
war-workers given outings by the 




A GROUP OF WAR WORKERS 
Included in this group at the country house of one of the members oi 
Y. W. C. A., Knights of Columbus, Salvation Army, Jewish 
American, Argentine and Brazilian naval ofTicei 




EMBARK 

ded and convalescent soldiers, sailors ane 
lyor's Committee on the yacht Siirf 




^TERTAINED AT JOURNEY'S END 

le Mayor's Comrhittee are representatives of the Red Cross, Y. M C. A. 
If are Board, American Library Association, Woman's Motor Corps: 
nembers of the Staff of The Mayor's Committee, etc. 



VOLUNTEER SERVICE BUREAU 



days. The spirit displayed by members of this division, as 
well as by other volunteer workers, was admirable, and mani- 
fested in many cases the possibilities for useful and valuable 
utilization of such service in connection with various organiza- 
tions engaged in war work. 

Frequent co-operation has been given to the various Liberty 
Loans and many other war organizations conducting special 
drives and other activities. A readily assembled force of stenog- 
raphers and typists is available at almost any time for call 
for approved charitable or patriotic purposes, and this repre- 
sents the only sizable organization of the kind in New York 
City. 

The Mayor's Committee, seeing the need for such a mobile 
corps and its usefulness, has extended it beyond the confines of 
Gotham, as many of these patriotic men and women have been 
placed in useful service at the National Capital. 

STATE CENSUS 

Volunteers from the Mayor's Committee were supplied to the 
Military State Census Bureau in the tabulation of its records 
and in the preparation of its great card index system. From 
its list of 3,300,000 men and women the State of New York has 
repeatedly furnished to the Federal Government the names of 
persons desired as members of the Army, Navy and Marine 
Corps, or as civil employees for many fields. This latter phase 
of operation has proved to be an important factor towards the 
success of the Bureau of Volunteer Service operated by the 
Committee. 

Hundreds of volunteer workers were required for carrying 
out the clerical and other details among the 189 Local Draft 
Boards of Greater New York. The demands made upon these 
boards were great in volume, and were usually of a nature 
requiring immediate action. A very important factor in meet- 
ing all these demands has been supplied by the Volunteer 
Workers' Bureau which was part of the Mayor's Committee. 
Aside from the Draft Board calls, this Bureau serves as a gen- 
ii 273 3 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

eral clearing house for thousands of volunteer workers. Many 
patriotic organizations engaged in war work come to the Mayor's 
Committee for assistance in times of special pressure. These 
organizations include various large local committees, the Red 
Cross, and others of like calibre. 

People willing to work as volunteers are carefully selected 
and placed where it is felt they are best fitted for their duties. 
Help is given, not only at home, but many of these volunteers 
have gone abroad to the actual fields of war. This organiza- 
tion has never been appealed to in vain for helpers whether at 
home or in foreign service. 

So carefully does the Mayor's Committee aim to deal fairly 
with all concerned that the Committee is voluntarily sought by 
those who are willing and anxious to make their contribution 
by offering their services toward the winning of the war. The 
Mayor's Committee here wishes to render a tribute of gratitude 
to all those who so nobly have come forward at this time of 
special peril for the nation. Some of these earnest workers 
have already gone to their reward; and in some instances it is 
known that they so worked beyond their strength that they fell 
the more readil}^ the victims of death. 

It is hoped that some means may be found for memorializing 
the patriotism of those who are giving such significant aid and 
rendering so unselfish a devotion in the midst of difficulty and 
danger. 



1:274] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Abbe, Dr. Robert, 13 West 50th Street 

Abbott, Lawrence F., 381 Fourth Avenue 

Abbott, W. H., 661 Cauldwell Avenue 

Abert, Benjamin, 40 East 83d Street 

Adams, Edward D., 71 Broadway 

Adams, Herbert, 131 West nth Street 

Adams, John Quincy, City Hall 

Adams, J. Warren, 140 Wadsworth Avenue 

Adamson, Robert, 51 1 Fifth Avenue 

Adrian, Charles A., 2536 Broadway 

Adrian, George M., 447 Second Avenue 

Agar, John C, 31 Nassau Street 

Ahern, Charles J., 401 Fifth Avenue 

Ahlstrom, Carl, 33 West 42d Street 

Albee, E. F., 1564 Broadway 

Alexander, Dr. A., 59th Street and Eleventh Avenue 

Alexander, Chas. B., 120 Broadway 

Alford, Thomas K., 461 Fourth Avenue 

Allen, Edward W., 217 Broadway 

Allen, Ethan, 44 East 23d Street 

Allen, Dr. Herbert C, 171 Lefferts Place, Brooklyn 

Ambler, Dr. A. S., 13th Street, College Point, N. Y. 

Ames, Edwin A., 116 Elizabeth Street 

Ames, Louis Annin, 99 Fulton Street 

Amory, Copley, 135 East 65th Street 

Amos, William C, 250 West 103d Street 

An ABLE, Courtland v., 61 Broadway 

Anderson, Ellery O., 25 Broad Street 

Anderson, William B., 74 Broadway 

II275;] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Andrews, Dr. John B., 131 East 23d Street 

Angell, Charles A., 52 Ninth Street, Brooklyn 

Appleton, Francis R., Jr., 60 Wall Street 

Appleton, R. Ross, 78 Franklin Street 

Apy, Martin B., Room 619, Pulitzer Building 

Arctander, Arthur, 994 Grant Avenue 

Arnold, Edward A., 64 Wall Street 

Arnold, Frank A., 461 Eighth Avenue 

Arnold, Richard H., 120 Westchester Square, Bronx 

Arnstein, Max, 170 Broadway 

Aspegren, John, Produce Exchange 

Atkins, Charles D., Brooklyn Academy of Music 

Atkinson, Fred W., Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn 

Atkinson, William F., 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Atterbury, Rev. Anson P., 145 West 86th Street 

Atterbury, Grosvenor, 20 West 43d Street 

Auditore, James, 14 Hamilton Avenue, Brooklyn 

AxMAN, Clarence, 105 William Street 

Ayres, Steven B., 503 Fifth Avenue 



B 

Babcock, E. C, 47 Cedar Street 

Babcock, Woodward, i 5 Wall Street 

Baer, Jules H., 299 Broadway 

Bainbridge, Arthur C, 99 William Street 

Baird, Col. Andrew D., B'way and Driggs Ave., Brooklyn 

Baird, William T., 103 West 13th Street 

Baker, Lieut.-Comm. G. B., 20 Broad Street 

Baker, George F., 2 Rector Street 

Baker, George F., Jr., 2 Wall Street 

Baker, Joseph J., 34 Nassau Street 

Baldwin, Lathrop E., 141 Broadway 

Ball, Alfred J., 1 130 Jamaica Avenue, Woodhaven, N. Y. 

Ball, Ancell H., 372 Fifth Avenue 

Ball, Wilbur L., 74 Broadway 

Ballard, Sumner, 80 Maiden Lane 

Bangs, F. S., 44 Wall Street 

Bannard, Otto T., 26 Broad Street 

Barber, Donn, 10 i Park Avenue 

1:2763 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Barbour, William R., 22 William Street 

Barbour, W. Warren, 96 Franklin Street 

Barnes, Charles B., 230 Fifth Avenue 

Barnicle, John J., 108 Front Street 

Barondess, Joseph, 80 Maiden Lane 

Barratt, Edgar G., 233 Broadway 

Barrett, Alfred M., 165 Broadway 

Barrett, Edward F., 55 Wall Street 

Barrett, Nicholas J., 500 Broome Street 

Barrett, W. E., 43 Exchange Place 

Barry, Charles D., 17 State Street 

Barsotti, Charles, 42 Elm Street 

Bartlett, Paul W., 7 West 43d Street 

Barton, Bruce, 381 Fourth Avenue 

Bassett, Edward M., 277 Broadway 

Bassler, Dr. Anthony, 21 West 74th Street 

Battle, George Gordon, 37 Wall Street 

Bauchle, George Young, 51 Chambers Street 

Bauman, Max, 640 West 44th Street 

Baylies, Edmund L., 54 Wall Street 

Bayne, Howard R., 140 Nassau Street 

Beals, John D., i Madison Avenue 

Beard, Daniel C, 87 Bowne Avenue, Flushing, L. I. 

Beards, A., 1057 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn 

Beck, James M., 32 Liberty Street 

Beck, Martin, 1564 Broadway 

Becker, C. Adelbert, 612 Allerton Avenue 

Bedell, Daniel M., 51 Chambers Street 

Bedford, A. C, 26 Broadway 

Beecher, William C, 233 Broadway 

Beekman, Chas. K., 52-54 William Street 

Beha, James A., 233 Broadway 

Behning, Albert, 217 West 125th Street 

Behrer, Martin, 81 Beekman Street 

Bell, Gordon Knox, 22 Exchange Place 

Bell, James D., 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Bellamy, Frederick P., 204 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Benedict, H. H., 5 East 75th Street 

Benjamin, George Milliard, 66 Broadway 

Bennett, Walter H., 128 Broadway 

112773 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Bennis, Joseph H., 165 Broadway 
Bergen, W. C, 130 West i8oth Street 
Bernard, Very Rev. O. S. B., 673 Tinton Avenue 
' Bernstein, Max, 35 Mt. Morris Park West 
Berolzheimer, Emil, 703 East 13th Street 
Berolzheimer, Philip, 703 East 13th Street 
Berriam, Charles A., 141 Broadway 
Bertron, S. Reading, 40 Wall Street 
Bethell, Union N., 195 Broadway 
Beyer, Herman W., New York County Court House 
BiCKFORD, Herbert J., 60 Wall Street 
BiGHAM, Henry J., 64 Wall Street 
Billings, Charles M., 513 Fifth Avenue 
BiNGER, Arnold, 53 West 23d Street 
Bishop, Dr. Ernest S., 151 West 85th Street 
BissELL, Dr. Joseph B., 46 West 55th Street 
Black, John A., 100 Broadway 
Black, Loring M., Jr., 120 Broadway 
Black, William Harmon, 233 Broadway 
Blake, Michael, 214 Riverside Drive 
Blanchard, Isaac H., 418 West 25th Street 
Bloch, Henry, 99 Nassau Street 
Bloch, Paul, 250 Fifth Avenue 
Bloodgood, Robert F., 58 West 57th Street 
Bloomer, Harvey N., 271 West 125th Street 
Bloomer, Millard J., 220 West 42d Street 
Blum, Edward C, 428 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 
Blumensohn, Dr. H. J., 518 West 143d Street 
Blumenthal, Benjamin, 35 Nassau Street 
Blumenthal, George, 19 Nassau Street 
Blumstein, L. M., 236 West 125th Street 
BoDEN, P. B., Hotel Manhattan 
Boettger, Henry W., 493 East 143d Street 
BoETZEL, Eric L., 185 Madison Avenue 
Bogart, Charles W., Third Avenue and 137th Street 
BoLDEN, Rev. Richard M., 105 West 130th Street 
Boldt, George C, Waldorf-Astoria 
Bolton, William H., 177th Street and Bronx River 
BoNBRiGHT, William P., 25 Nassau Street 
Bond, Stephen N., hi Broadway 

1:278: 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



BoNDY, William, 149 Broadway 

BoNwiT, Paul J., 417 Fifth Avenue 

BooDY, Charles A., 181 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Boomer, L. M., Hotel McAlpin 

BoRG, Sidney C, 46 Cedar Street 

BoRGSTEDE, JoHN C, 3230 Third Avenue 

BouTON, Archibald L., University Heights 

Bowers, Henry, 57 Montgomery Place, Brooklyn 

Bowman, John McE., The Biltmore 

Boyesen, Hjalmar H., 49 Wall Street 

Boyle, Judge Edward P., 25 Beekman Place 

Boyle, James P., 375 Lafayette Street 

Boyle, James P., 32 Union Square 

BoYNTON, Edward B., 51 East 42d Street 

Brackenridge, James, 1106 Hoe Avenue 

Brackenridge, J, C, 95 Liberty Street 

Bradley, Wm., i Madison Avenue 

Bradshaw, Thomas P., 469 76th Street, Brooklyn 

Brady, Henry, 200 West 23d Street 

Brady, James C, 54 Wall Street 

Brady, John J., 15 Whitehall Street 

Brady, Nicholas P., 54 Wall Street 

Brady, Peter J., Municipal Building 

Braid, John W., 334 East 27th Street 

Brainard, Clinton T., Pranklin Square 

Brandt, Charles, Jr., 99 Nassau Street 

Brannan, Dr. John Winters, 48 West 51st Street 

Branson, George R., 95 William Street 

Brawner, Alexander H., 27 West 70th Street 

Breed, William C, 32 Liberty Street 

Breitung, Edward N., i i Pine Street 

Brennan, William R., 103 Park Avenue 

Brenner, Frederick, 799 Flushing Avenue, Brooklyn 

Brent, Henry Kelly, 80 Maiden Lane 

Bresler, Dr. Max, 278 East Broadway 

Breuchaud, Jules, 290 Broadway 

Brewster, Robert S., 5 1 Wall Street 

Bridgman, H. L., 294 Washington Street, Brooklyn 

Bridgman, Brig.-Gen. Oliver B., 54 West 40th Street 

Brill, Max D., 44 East 14th Street 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Brindell, R. p., 1890 Daly Avenue 

Britt, T. Louis A., 271 Broadway 

Britton, H. L., Bronx Park, New York City 

Brophy, Albert T., 168 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Brosnan, Francis X., 120 Broadway 

Brough, Judge Alexander, 234 West 103d Street 

Brown, Ernest C, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue 

Brown, Franklin Q., 33 Pine Street 

Brown, Lowell H., 17 Battery Place 

Brown, Rufus H., 350 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 

Brown, Dr. Samuel A., 155 West 58th Street 

Brown, Judge Thomas C, New Brighton, N. Y. 

Brown, Willard S., i Liberty Street 

Brown, William H., 46 Cedar Street 

Browning, John Scott, 16 Cooper Square 

Bruckner, Hon. Henry, Third and Tremont Avenues 

Brunner, Arnold W., 10 i Park Avenue 

Bruns, Edwin C, 60 Broadway 

Bryan, Benj. B., 115 Broadway 

Buckle, John, 872 Washington Street 

Buckley, George D., 381 Fourth Avenue 

BuFFA, Dr. Vincenzo, 28 Stanton Street 

Bull, Henry W., i i i Broadway 

Burke, James I., 140 Broadway 

Burke, John S., Fifth Avenue and 34th Street 

Burleigh, Col. George William, 52 Wall Street 

Burn, Henry, Madison Avenue and 33d Street 

Burns, M. F., 50 Church Street 

Burns, Patrick J., 1438 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 

Burns, Walker F., 56 Pine Street 

Burr, Hon. William P., Municipal Building 

BuRRELL, F. A. M., 1409 Albemarle Road, Brooklyn 

Burroughs, Bryson, 50 East 86th Street 

Bush, Irving T., 100 Broad Street 

Butler, Edmond J., 232 East 176th Street 

Butler, Ellis Parker, 242 State Street, Flushing, L. I. 

Butler, James, 390 Washington Street 

Butler, Dr. Nicholas Murray, i i6th Street and Broadway 

Butler, William Allen, 54 Wall Street 

BuTTENWEisER, Jos. L., 220 Broadway 

1:2803 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Cable, W. A., 54 West 40th Street 

Cadman, Rev. S. Parkes, 64 Jefferson Avenue, Brooklyn 

Cady, C. W., 233 West 54th Street 

Caesar, Henry A., 50 Union Square 

Calder, Senator William M., i648 Eleventh Ave., B'klyn 

Caldwell, B. D., 51 Broadway 

Caldwell, Hon. Charles Pope, 42 Broadway 

Campbell, Dr. William Francis, 394 Clinton Ave., B'klyn 

Cane, George W., 45 Jay Street 

Canfield, George F., 49 Wall Street 

Cannon, Dr. H. W., 10 Wall Street 

Cantasano, Vito G., 185 South Street 

Carew, Hon. John F., 313 East 57th Street 

Carl, John H., 510 First Avenue 

Carley, E. E., 220 West 42d Street 

Carlton, New comb, 195 Broadway 

Carmody, Frank X., 61 Broadway 

Carpenter, Charles K., i 5 William Street 

Carter, Edward M., 61 Broadway 

Carter, R. A., 130 East 15th Street 

Casin, Jacob, 79 Fifth Avenue 

Cassidy, Edward, 430 East 77th Street 

Castagnetta, Louis, 51 Maiden Lane 

Cavanagh, John G., 30 East 42d Street 

Cerf, Gustave, 790 Riverside Drive 

Chaffee, J. Irvin, i88th Street and Sedgwick Avenue 

Chambers, Albert N., 222 East 41st Street 

Chamberlin, Egbert, 1054 Clay Avenue 

Chandler, H. A. E., Columbia University 

Chandler, Robert W., 147 East 19th Street 

Chandler, Walter, Jr., Hotel Martinique 

Chesley, Arthur C, 277 Rider Avenue 

Chetwood, Dr. Charles H., 25 Park Avenue 

Chubb, Hendon, 5 South William Street 

Churchill, Thomas W., 63 Wall Street 

Clark, Appleton L., 40 Wall Street 

Clark, F. V., 231 West 39th Street 

1:281: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Clark, George W. M., 51 East 42d Street 

Clark, J. H., 295 Broadway 

Clark, Justice Lester W., 100 Clinton Ave., 

New Brighton, S. I. 
Clark, William A., 20 Exchange Place 
Clarke, Audley, 527 Smith Street, Brooklyn 
Cleary, James C, 51 Chambers Street 
Cleland, Henry, 2091 Anthony Avenue 
Clews, Henry, 15 Broad Street 
Clifton, John W., i 12 West 47th Street 
Clinton, Francis Wright, 24 Desbrosses Street 
Clonin, James E., Boulevard, Ft. of Camelias St., L. 1. C. 
Clover, Rev. George F., Amsterdam Ave. and 1 13th St. 
Cobb, Judge W. Bruce, City Magistrates' Court 
Cochran, Major George G., 246 80th Street, Brooklyn 
Cody, Frederick, 149 Broadway 
CoE, Franklin, 8 West 40th Street 
Cogswell, C. Van Rensselaer, 35 Wall Street 
Cogswell, George E., 100 Broadway 
Cohen, Maurice S., 31 Liberty Street 
Cohen, Nathan D., Hotel Ansonia 
Cohen, William N., 22 William Street 
Cohen, William W., 67 Exchange Place 
CoHN, Edward R., 35 Nassau Street 
Cole, Charles P., Amboy Avenue, Prince Bay, Richmond 
Coleman, Judge Charles W., 2565 Broadway 
Coleman, John B., 60 Wall Street 
Coles, Harry C, Custom House 

Collins, Dr. Barnett C, 645 St. Mark's Ave., Brooklyn 
Collins, Judge Cornelius F., 201 East 30th Street 
Collins, Frederick L., 25 West 44th Street 
Colyer, Major Jos. H., Jr., 851 St. Mark's Ave., B'klyn 
CoMSTocK, L. K., 21 East 40th Street 
CoNANT, Ernest L., 32 Liberty Street 
Conn, Frank W., 81 Willoughby Street, Brooklyn 
Connelly, John E., 27 William Street 
Connolly, Hon. Maurice E., Borough Hall, L. I. C. 
Conron, Joseph, 263 West 90th Street 
CoNTESSA, ViTo, 3 1 1 East 1 19th Street 
Conway, Judge James J., 9 Jackson Avenue, L. I. C. 
1:282] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Conway, Patrick J., 1 59 East 60th Street 

Cook, George E., 95 Madison Avenue 

Cook, John W., 93 Lafayette Avenue, Brooklyn 

Cooke, D. W., 50 Church Street 

Cooke, George J., 261 Ninth Avenue 

Cooke, Robert Grier, 542 Fifth Avenue 

Cooney, John J., 66 Broad Street 

Cooper, George L., New York Herald 

Cortelyou, George B., 130 East 15th Street 

Corwine, William R., 13 Astor Place 

CoTiLLO, Salvatore A., 95 Liberty Street 

CouDERT, Frederic R., 2 Rector Street 

Coughlin, J. P., 1 16 Nassau Street 

Cowen, Samuel, 1200 Intervale Avenue 

Cowl, Clarkson, 8 West 14th Street 

CowLES, R. A., 99 John Street 

CowPERTHWAiT, J. HowARD, 1 95 Park Row 

CoYLE, Frank James, 20 Exchange Place 

Crafts, Francis M., 1423 Albemarle Road, Brooklyn 

Cragen, Judge John M., Elmhurst, L. I. 

Craig, Hon. Charles L., Municipal Building 

Cram, J. Sergeant, 505 Fifth Avenue 

Crampton, Dr. Henry E., Columbia University 

Crane, C. A., 51 Chambers Street 

Crane, Irving, 850 East i6ist Street 

Cranford, Frederick L., 149 Remsen Street, Brooklyn 

Cravath, Paul D., 52 William Street 

Crawford, Joseph, 417 East 34th Street 

Crimmins, Thomas, 444 East 69th Street 

Croak, John, 192 Broadway 

Crocker, Frank L., 5 Nassau Street 

Crompton, Wm., 1 1 1 Broadway 

Cromwell, Lincoln, 357 Fourth Avenue 

Cronin, Richard, 31-33 East 19th Street 

Crowell, Major William B., 1044 Fifth Avenue 

Crowninshield, Edward a.. Brook Haven, L. I. 

Crowninshield, Frank, 19 West 44th Street 

CuLLEN, Judge Edgar M., 2 Wall Street 

CuMMiNGS, George W., Jr., 176 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Cumnock, A. J., 345 Broadway 

n283: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Cunningham, Christopher, Greenpoint Ave., Brooklyn 
Cunningham, Edward F,, 149 East 14th Street 
Curtis, F. Kingsbury, 30 Broad Street 
Curtis, Sidney W., i 12 Hicks Street, Brooklyn 
Curtis, William Edmond, 30 Broad Street 
Cutting, R. Fulton, 32 Nassau Street 



D 

Dalton, William A., 617 Fifth Avenue 

Daly, C. J., 150 Nassau Street 

Daly, P. H. J., 170 Broadway 

Damon, Col. Alex M., 120 West 14th Street 

Dana, Dr. Charles L., 53 West 53d Street 

Daniels, C. C, 20 Broad Street 

Darby, Walter F., 2 East 23d Street 

Darley, William W., 115 Broadway 

Darlington, Charles F., 100 Broadway 

Davenport, William B., 189 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Davidson, W. J., Port Richmond, N. Y. 

Davies, J. Clarence, 149th Street and Third Avenue 

Davies, Julien T., 34 Nassau Street 

Davis, Gherardi, i 5 William Street 

Davis, Henry K., 2804 Third Avenue 

Davis, John, 68 William Street 

Davis, Robert H., 280 Broadway 

Davison, Henry P., 23 Wall Street 

Dawkins, Major William A., 12 19 Hancock Street, B'klyn 

Day, Hon. Jonathan C, Municipal Building 

Day, Joseph P., 31 Nassau Street 

Day, W. a., 120 Broadway 

Dayton, Charles W., 27 William Street 

Dean, Major Bashford, Riverdale, N. Y. 

Dearborn, Geo. S., Brooklyn Bridge Arch 8 

Dearden, Dr. John Edwin, 125 East 91st Street 

De Bear, Harry J., 1808 Broadway 

De Bracke, Pierre R., 250 West 54th Street 

DeBragga, Joseph H., 503 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 

Decker, David C, 559 Old Stone Rd., Port Richmond, S. I. 

Deering, E. J., 1 10 Nassau Street 

1:2843 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



DE Forest, Robert W., 30 Broad Street 

De Gaugue, Charles L. E., 153 East 78th Street 

Degnon, Michael J., Hunters Point Avenue, L. I. City 

Delafield, Frederick P., 20 Exchange Place 

Delafield, Col. John Ross, 27 Cedar Street 

Delafield, Joseph L., 35 Nassau Street 

Delafield, Richard, 40 West 46th Street 

Delahunty, Thomas L., 26 Park Place 

Delatour, Dr. H. Beeckman, 73 Eighth Avenue, B'klyn 

Delavan, Dr. D. Bryson, 40 East 41st Street 

Delbon, Francis Caspard, 449 45th Street, Brooklyn 

Demmerle, Theodore, 45 West 25th Street 

Demorest, William Curtis, 217 Broadway 

De Mott, Harry M., Court and Montague Streets, B'klyn 

Demuth, Leopold, 230 Fifth Avenue 

de Navarro, Alfonso, 30 Broad Street 

Denbigh, John H., i66th Street and Boston Road 

Dench, Dr. Edward B., 15 East 53d Street 

Depew, Frank, 515 Canal Street 

Desmond, Thomas C, 31 Nassau Street 

Deutsch, Bernard S., 261 Broadway 

DeVoe, Frederick R., 181 5 Webster Avenue 

De Young, Maurice, 193 Schaeffer Street, Brooklyn 

Diernig, Fred R., Webster Avenue and 233d Street 

Dike, Judge Norman S., 194 Columbia Heights, B'klyn 

Dillingham, Charles B., Broadway and 46th Street 

Dingwall, Adam, 63 West 36th Street 

Dittenhoefer, I. M., 32 Broadway 

Dix, William Frederick, 34 Nassau Street 

Dodge, Cleveland H., 99 John Street 

Doerr, William, Sr., 502 Pulitzer Building 

Doherty, Leo V., 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Dolen, Owen F., 2620 East Tremont Avenue 

DoMMERiCH, Otto L., 254 Fourth Avenue 

Donahue, P. A., 22 East 22d Street 

Donahue, Philip F., 233 Broadway 

Donegan, Nicholas T., Tompkinsville, N. Y. 

Donovan, Jerome F., 27 Cedar Street 

Donovan, Michael J., 60 Broadway 

Doran, George H., 244 Madison Avenue 

1:2853 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

d'Orbessan, Dr. Fern and, Ozone Park, N. Y. 

DoRDAN, John E., 103 Park Avenue 

DoRF, Samuel, 266 Grand Street 

Doty, Douglas Z., 119 West 40th Street 

Douglas, Archibald, 233 Broadway 

Douglas, William Harris, 44 Whitehall Street 

DowD, Herman, 37 Wall Street 

Dowling, Hon. Frank L., Municipal Building 

Dowling, Justice Victor J., Supreme Court, New York 

Downey, John P., 28 Nassau Street 

Downs, Thomas, 149 Broadway 

Drake, Newman E., 71 Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn 

Dreicer, Michael, 560 Fifth Avenue 

Dressler, George, Wallabout Market, Brooklyn 

Droste, Charles F., 177 Duane Street 

Drucker, Edward W., Times Building 

Drummond, Walter J., 51 Chambers Street 

Ducharme, H., 825 East 15th Street, Brooklyn 

DuFFiELD, Rev. Howard, 12th Street and Fifth Avenue 

DuGGAN, Patrick F., 35 Martin Avenue, Glendale, L. I. 

Duncan, Stuart, 241 West Street 

Dunn, Gano, 43 Exchange Place 

Dunn, Harris A., 358 Fifth Avenue 

Dunn, James L., 2551 Hughes Street, Brooklyn 

Dunn, Robert R., 165 Broadway 

Dunne, Finley Peter, 136 East 64th Street 

Dunnigan, John J., 1861 Holland Avenue 

Dun PHY, Edward J., 2 Rector Street 

du Pont, Coleman, 120 Broadway 

DupoRT, Octave, 67 West 44th Street 

DuRANT, W. C, 1790 Broadway 

DuRKEE, Charles D., 2 South Street 

DwiGHT, Edmund, 56 Maiden Lane 

Dyer, Brig.-Gen. George R., ^6 Broadway 

Dykman, Wm. N., 177 Montague Street, Brooklyn 



E 

Eadie, Bertram G., Terminal Bldg., St. George Ferry, S. I. 
Farley, Cornelius J., 51 Chambers Street 

[286] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 

Ebbets, Charles H., Bedford Ave. and Sullivan St., B'klyn 

EcKLEY, Ernest R., 2 Rector Street 

Eckstein, M. Maurice, 17 Battery Place 

Eddy, Lieut.-Comm. Spencer, 288 Fourth Avenue 

Edmonds, Thomas C, 1826 Park Avenue 

Edwards, Chas. Jerome, 204 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Edwards, E. W., Pulitzer Building 

Edwards, W. P., i Madison Avenue 

Egan, John, 175 Degraw Street, Brooklyn 

Egan, Joseph L., 16 Dey Street 

Egbert, Rev. George Drew, Flushing, N. Y. 

Eglinton, a. Lincoln, 43 Exchange Place 

Ehret, George, Jr., 235 East 92d Street 

EiDLiTz, Otto M., 30 East 42d Street 

Eilert, Ernest F., 318 West 39th Street 

Eiseman, Stephen F., 60 Broadway 

Elkus, Abraham I., in Broadway 

Ellis, El wood C., 431-443 Hudson Street 

Ellison, Bennett, 63 Maiden Lane 

Elms, James C., 906 Broadway 

Elsberg, Nathaniel A., 27 William Street 

Elson, Edwin B., 220 Fifth Avenue 

Ely, Robert Erskine, 17 West 44th Street 

Emery, J. H., 1 107 Broadway 

Enelow, Rabbi Hyman G., 895 West End Avenue 

English, William H., 120 Broadway 

Epstean, Edward, 141 East 25th Street 

Erlanger, Abraham, 350 Broadway 

Erlanger, Michael, 109 West 26th Street 

Ernst, Bernard M. L., 31 Liberty Street 

Ernst, Morris L., 2 Rector Street 

Erstein, Benedict, 345 Fourth Avenue 

Erstein, Moise L., 345 Fourth Avenue 

Ettinger, William L., 500 Park Avenue 

EusTis, John E., 200 Broadway 

Evans, Hartman K., hi Broadway 

Evans, William S., 46 Cedar Street 

EvERS, Very Rev. Mgr. Luke J., 20 City Hall Place 

Evins, Judge Samuel H., Stapleton, S. I. 

n2873 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



Fagan, Lawrence J., 511 East 144th Street 

Fahnestock, William, 2 Wall Street 

Fairchild, Samuel W., 74 Laight Street 

Falk, Albert, 56 West 45th Street 

Fallon, John, 225 Fifth Avenue 

Fargis, Joseph H., 37 Liberty Street 

Farley, Thomas M., 321 East 65th Street 

Farrell, Rev. W. B., 64 Middagh Street, Brooklyn 

Farrelly, Stephen, 9 Park Place 

Fay, Michael, 369 72d Street, Brooklyn 

Fayne, James A., 42 Broadway 

Fee, Frank J., 292 Avenue B 

Feiner, Benjamin F., 100 Broadway 

Feldman, Daniel D., 19 Belmont Ave., New Brighton, S. I 

Fell, T. R., 71 Broadway 

Fennell, George W., 2929 Third Avenue 

Ferguson, James R., 369 East i62d Street 

Fettel, Henry, 187 Linden Avenue, Brooklyn 

Feuerbach, F. L., Park Avenue, Richmond Hill 

Finamore, Anthony J., 66 Adams Street, Brooklyn 

Findley, William L., 2 East 45th Street 

Fin LAY, Samuel L., 202 Eighth Avenue, Brooklyn 

Fishel, Mortimer, 32 Broadway 

FiSKE, Haley, i Madison Avenue 

FiSKE, John J., 40 West 32d Street 

Fitzgerald, John J., in Broadway 

FiTzPATRiCK, F. F., 30 Church Street 

FiTZPATRicK, Richard, 454 West 19th Street 

FiTzsiMMONS, C. J. A., 21 Burling Slip 

FiTzsiMMONS, Wm. F., 257 Broadway 

Flagg, Ernest, 109 Broad Street 

Flaherty, Frank B., Herald Square 

Flatto, I. T., 261 Broadway 

Fleischman, Henry, 197 East Broadway 

Fleischmann, Gustav J., 531 Seventh Avenue 

Fleischmann, Leon, 531 Seventh Avenue 

Fletcher, Andrew, 30 Church Street 

1:288] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Fletcher, Austin B., 32 Liberty Street 

Fleury, George A., 176 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Flint, Chas. R., 120 Broadway 

Flynn, J. A., 429 Macon Street, Brooklyn 

Flynn, James L., 364 Manhattan Avenue, Brooklyn 

Flynn, Thomas F., 170 Broadway 

Flynn, William J., 1918 Arthur Avenue 

Fogarty, William J., 403 Herald Avenue, Richmond Hill 

FoGGiN, Frank, 25 Richmond Ave., Fort Richmond, N. Y. 

Foley, Alexander J., 39 Broad Street 

Foley, Frank F., 66 Broadway 

Foley, Frank J., 200 Fifth Avenue 

Foley, James A., 66 Broadway 

Folks, Ralph, 40 Exchange Place 

FoLSOM, Henry T., 314 Broadway 

Forbes, Allen B., 56 William Street 

Foren, George W., Central Avenue, Far Rockaway 

Forshew, Commodore Robert P., 2 Rector Street 

Foster, A. C. D., 55 John Street 

Foster, Col. R. L., 732 West End Avenue 

Foster, Roger, 55 Liberty Street 

Foster, Judge Warren W., 61 Broadway 

Foster, Wm. George, 261 Broadway 

Fowler, Stanley C, 19 Cedar Street 

Fowler, Thomas P., 217 West 125th Street 

Fox, Benjamin, 72 Eighth Avenue 

Fox, C. Brainerd, 240 East 136th Street 

Fox, Charles, 166 Front Street 

Fox, Lyttleton, 120 Broadway 

Fox, Robert J., 31 Nassau Street 

Fox, William, 130 West 46th Street 

Francolini, Joseph N., 64 Spring Street 

Frank, Edgar E., Corner 3d and Mercer Streets 

Frankel, Lee K., i Madison Avenue 

Franklin, P. A. S., 9 Broadway 

Eraser, Alex J., 138th Street and Mott Haven Canal 

Frayne, Hugh, 2 East 23d Street 

Frederick, Cadman H., 258 Broadway 

Freel, James J., 1839 85th Street, Brooklyn 

Freeman, Zoheth S., 120 Broadway 

1:289: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

French, Daniel Chester, 12 West 8th Street 

Freschi, Judge John J., 32 Franklin Street 

Freund, John C, 501 Fifth Avenue 

Friedkin, Israel, 77 Bowery 

Friedrich, Charles H., 35 Nassau Street 

Friedsam, Major M., Fifth Avenue and 34th Street 

Frissell, a, S., 530 Fifth Avenue 

Frost, George F., 375 East 149th Street 

Frost, John F., 397 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 

Frugone, Frank L., 178 Park Row 

Fry, Samuel, 880 Broadway 

Fugazy, L. v., 153 Bleecker Street 

Fuller, Charles H., 64 Wall Street 

Fuller, Henry J., 30 Church Street 

Fuller, Seymour K., 165 Broadway 

Fulton, Kerwin H., 515 Seventh Avenue 



Gaillard, Capt. William E. G., 34 Pine Street 

Gainsburg, Isidor, 258 Broadway 

Gair, Robert, 50 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn 

Gallagher, Cornelius, 61 Broadway 

Gallatin, Albert Eugene, 125 East 69th Street 

Gallatin, Francis D., 160 Broadway 

Galvin, Hon. John F., Municipal Building 

Ganly, James V., 1445 Doris Street 

Gannon, Thomas F., 6 St, Charles Place, Brooklyn 

Cans, Eugene P., 912 Seventh Avenue 

Garrison, Hon. Lindley M., 24 Broad Street 

Gary, Elbert H., 71 Broadway 

Gass, Frank, 2215 Westchester Avenue 

Catling, Richard Henry, 71 Broadway 

Gay, Charles M., 1705 N Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 

George, Judge William A., Town Hall, Jamaica 

Gerard, Julian, 399 Park Avenue 

Gerli, Joseph, i 19 East 27th Street 

Germain, William S., 3735 Willett Avenue 

Getty, Hugh, 357 West 26th Street 

Gibboney, Stuart G., 165 Broadway 

II 290 3 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



GiBBS, Judge Louis D., Tremont and Arthur Avenues 

Gibson, Charles Dana, 127 East 73d Street 

Gibson, Harvey D., 120 Broadway 

GiEGERiCH, Justice Leonard A., 51 Chambers Street 

Gilbert, A. S., 43 Exchange Place 

Gilbert, Cass, 244 Madison Avenue 

Gillespie, George J., 20 Vesey Street 

Gillespie, Lawrence L., 44 Wall Street 

Gillies, R. C, ioi Park Avenue 

GiLMAN, Theodore, 55 William Street 

GiLMAN, Theodore P., 237 Fulton Street 

Gilpin, C. Monteith, 99 John Street 

GiLROY, John J., 120 Broadway 

GiMBEL, Isaac, Broadway and 32d Street 

Gimbel, Louis, Broadway and 32d Street 

Gittins, George W., 12 West 45th Street 

Glackens, W., 29 Washington Square 

Goetze, Frederick A., 63 Wall Street 

Gold, Cornelius B., 25 Broad Street 

Gold, P. D., Jr., 149 Broadway 

Golden, James J., 153 Lafayette Street 

Golden, Richard, 68 William Street 

Goldfogle, Henry M., 271 Broadway 

Goldman, Albert, 362 East 149th Street 

Goldman, Julian, 31 1 Sixth Avenue 

Goldman, Samuel P., 120 Broadway 

Golds borough, J. B., 290 Broadway 

GooDALE, Wilbur C, 265 Seventh Avenue 

GooDELL, Rev. C. L., 425 West End Avenue 

Goodhue, Charles E., i 57 East 34th Street 

Goodwin, Frank J., 32 Chambers Street 

Gough, William T., 9 Maiden Lane 

Gould, Edwin, 501 Fifth Avenue 

Gould, Dr. Everett W., 6 West 121st Street 

Gould, George J., 501 Fifth Avenue 

Grace, Joseph P., Hanover Square 

Graff, Leslie, Fifth Avenue and 34th Street 

Graham, Sigsbee, 93 William Street 

Gran ATA, G., 29 Broadway 

Gray, Henry G., 49 Wall Street 

11290 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Greacen, Walter J., 17 Marlborough Road, Brooklyn 

Green, Henry, 25 Broad Street 

Green, Thomas D., Broadway and 55th Street 

Green, Warren L., 72 Broad Street 

Gregory, George W., 251 Fifth Avenue 

Grella, E. M., 145 West 28th Street 

Griffin, Daniel J., 46 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Griscom, Clement Acton, 90 West Street 

Groen, H. a., 10 John Street 

Grossman, Rev. Rudolph, 1347 Lexington Avenue 

Grote, George W., 430 East i02d Street 

GuDE, 0. J., 220 West 42d Street 

Guerin, Jules, 50 East 23d Street 

Guernsey, N. T., 195 Broadway 

Guggenheimer, Chas. S., 120 Broadway 

GuLicK, Archibald A., 120 Broadway 

GuNN, J. N., 1790 Broadway 

Gunnison, Herbert F., Eagle Building, Brooklyn 

Gwathmey, J. Temple, 25 Broad Street 



H 

Haan, R. M., Hotel St. Regis 
Haas, J. R., 400 Broome Street 
Hackett, Frank S., Riverdale-on-Hudson 
Hadden, George, 189 Montague Street, Brooklyn 
Hafstrom, G. J., Castleton Park, Stapleton, S. I. 
Haggard, Sewell, i 19 West 40th Street 
Hahn, Alfred, 1292 Madison Avenue 
Hall, Ernest, 62 William Street 
Hall, Hugh, Borough Hall, Long Island City 
Hall, William, 241 East 71st Street 
Halligan, H. a., 195 Broadway 
Hallock, a. H., 500 Park Avenue 
Hallock, Charles P., 999 East 180th Street 
Hamilton, Henry D., 258 Broadway 
Hamilton, W. J., 1 1 Grand Avenue, Corona 
Hammer, Ernest E. L., 2808 Third Avenue 
Hammitt, Walter, 484 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 
Hammond, Dr. Graeme M., 60 West 55th Street 

L292:] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Hammond, Ogden H., 8o Maiden Lane 

Hanan, N. W., 1 1 8 Eighth Avenue, Brooklyn 

Hanauer, Jerome J., 52 William Street 

Hanavan, George B., 7 Borden Avenue, Long Island City 

Handy, Joseph B., Stapleton, S. L 

Harawitz, Abraham, 309 Broadway 

Harden, James, 66 Leonard Street 

Hardin, A. T., Grand Central Terminal 

Harding, Edward, 43 Exchange Place 

Harding, Lewis, 336 East 137th Street 

Harkness, William H., 17 Battery Place 

Harman, John N., Atlantic and Fourth Aves., Brooklyn 

Harris, John F., i 5 Wall Street 

Harris, Rev. Maurice H., 254 West 103d Street 

Harriss, Dr. John A., 511 Fifth Avenue 

Hart, Charles F., 26 Bay Street, New Brighton, S. I. 

Hart, Louis M., 246 West End Avenue 

Hartfield, Wm., 1 5 Whitehall Street 

Harth, Frank E., 37 Chambers Street 

Harvey, George, 171 Madison Avenue 

Hassam, Childe, 130 West 57th Street 

Hasslocher, John B., 217 East 92d Street 

Hastings, Thomas, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue 

Hawes, James Anderson, 30 West 44th Street 

Hawkes, McDougall, 32 Nassau Street 

Hawley, Alan R., 297 Madison Avenue 

Hayden, Charles, 25 Broad Street 

Hayes, George B., 42 Broadway 

Hayman, Alf., 1430 Broadway 

Healy, Jerome F., 1835 Bathgate Avenue, Bronx 

Hearst, William Randolph, 238 William Street 

Heatherton, James M., 45 West 34th Street 

Hedges, Job E., 165 Broadway 

Heermance, Clayton J., 2 Rector Street 

Heide, Henry, 313 Hudson Street 

Heilbroner, Louis, 241 Broadway 

Heilferty, Robert S., 223 West 105th Street 

Henry, W. Hamilton, 1056 Boston Road 

Hepburn, A. Barton, 57 Broadway 

Herd, Anderson T., 25 Broad Street 

n293ll 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Herman, Oscar W., i 19 West 71st Street 

Herman, Sydney H., 160 Fifth Avenue 

Herrick, Walter R., 61 Broadway 

Herrick, Walter R., 14 Wall Street 

Herrlich, Christian, 3320 Third Avenue 

Herrman, Justice Moses, 32 Franklin Street 

Hershenstein, Samuel, 37 Wall Street 

Herter, C. S., 3 Broad Street 

Hester, Rev. St. Clair, 207 Washington Park, Brooklyn 

Hewitt, Peter Cooper, 18 East 33d Street 

Heyman, Dr. Marcus B., Manhattan State Hospital, 

Ward's Island 
HiGBiE, Robert W., 45 Broadway 
HiGGiNS, C. M., 26 Broadway 
HiGGiNs, Charles M., 271 Ninth Street, Brooklyn 
HiLDRETH, J. Homer, 7 East 42d Street 
Hilkemeier, George, 186 Stanhope Street, Brooklyn 
Hill, Richard W., 5 Nassau Street 
HiLLES, Chas. D., 25 Liberty Street 
Hilliard, John C, 55 John Street 
Hilly, Arthur J. W., 302 Broadway 
HiNE, Francis L., 2 Wall Street 
HiNES, James J., 34 Pine Street 
HiNES, William A., 63 Wall Street 
Hirleman, Forrest C, 391 East 149th Street 
Hirsch, Max, 84 Franklin Street 
HiRSCH, Nathan, 133 West 21st Street 
Hirschman, Stuard, 200 Broadway 
Hitchcock, Frank H., 120 Broadway 
Hodgman, George B., Tuckahoe, N. Y. 
HoEY, James J., 80 Maiden Lane 
HoFFBAUER, C, 258 Fifth Avenue 
Hoffman, Capt. Wm. Wickham, 58 East 79th Street 
HoGAN, Edward J., 233 Broadway 
Holland, James P., 21 i East 45th Street 
Holm, Charles F., 35 Nassau Street 
Holmes, Edwin T., 25 Dey Street 
Holmes, Frank L., 103 Park Avenue 
Holmes, James E., 6th Street, Brooklyn 
Holt, Hamilton, i 19 West 40th Street 
Holzer, Albert J., 507 East i62d Street 

C294!] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



HoppiN, William W., 32 Nassau Street 

HoNEYMAN, Robert B., 61 Broadway 

HoRNADAY, W. T., Bronx Park 

Horowitz, Charles, 115 Broadway 

Horowitz, Louis J., 49 Wall Street 

HoRRMAN, William, 191 Canal Street, Stapleton, S. I. 

HoRWiLL, Edward T., 215 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Houston, Herbert S., Garden City, N. Y. 

HouTAiN, George Julian, 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Howard, James A., 45th Street and First Avenue 

Howard, Thomas, World Building 

HowLAND, Karl V. P., 119 West 40th Street 

Hoyle, Frank Jerome, 20 Broad Street 

HoYT, Colgate, 14 Wall Street 

HoYT, Justice Franklin C, 137 East 22d Street 

HoYT, Henry R., i 5 William Street 

Hubbard, S. T., 66 Beaver Street 

HuBBS, Charles H., 383 Lafayette Street 

Huff, Perez F., 91 William Street 

Huff, S. W., 2396 Third Avenue 

Huhner, Leon, 52 William Street 

HuLBERG, Fred, 265 West 125th Street 

HuLBERT, Hon. Murray, Pier A, North River 

HuLST, E. Covert, 16 North Parsons Avenue, Flushing 

HuNGLEMAN, Paul, 400 Broome Street 

Hunt, Levitt J., 120 Broadway 

Huntington, Archer M., 15 East 8ist Street 

Huntley, James R., 28 West 23d Street 

Huntsman, R. F. R., 294 Washington Street, Brooklyn 

HuPFEL, A. G., Jr., i6ist Street and Third Avenue 

Hurley, James F., 55 Franklin Street 

Hynes, John J., 290 Broadway 

Hynes, Thomas W., Municipal Building 

I 

Imhof, John C, 803 East 222d Street 

Ingraham, Phoenix, 120 Broadway 

Irish, William S., Broadway and Havemeyer St., B'klyn 

Irving, Dr. J. Montgomery, 200 Fifth Avenue 

Iselin, Ernest, 36 Wall Street 

C295II 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



J 

Jackson, William Schuyler, 21 Park Row 

Jacob, Robert, City Island, N. Y. 

Jacobi, Dr. a., 19 East 47th Street 

Jacoby, Jack, 1161 Bryant Avenue 

Jadwin, Stanley P., 65 Cortlandt Street 

James, Arthur, 1476 Broadway 

James, Arthur Curtiss, 99 John Street 

James, H. B., Pier 11, North River 

James, Dr. Walter B., 7 East 70th Street 

Janes, Edward P., 837 Jennings Street 

Janes, Elisha Harris, 414 Madison Avenue 

Janssen, August, 34 West 30th Street 

Jaques, Washington L., Jr., 116 East 41st Street 

Jarmulowsky, Harry, Canal and Orchard Streets 

Jasper, William H., 470 Convent Avenue 

Jennings, Walter, 26 Broadway 

Johansen, Charles K., 108 Park Row 

Johnson, Alvin, 421 West 21st Street 

Johnson, Isaac B., Spuyten Duyvil, N. Y. 

Johnson, Joseph French, 32 Waverly Place 

Johnson, Ralph M., 395 Central Park West 

Johnston, Henry S., Elmhurst, L. I. 

Johnston, R. E., The Biltmore 

Johnston, William, World Building 

Jonas, Ralph, i i 5 Broadway 

JoNASsAN, Joseph, 303 Fifth Avenue 

Jones, J. W., 373 East 149th Street 

Jones, Theodore Inslee, 360 Pearl Street, Brooklyn 

Jones, W. A., 233 Broadway 

Joseph, Eli, Woolworth Building 

Josephthal, Commander Louis M., 120 Broadway 

JouRDAN, Franklin B., 125 Hicks Street, Brooklyn 

Jourdan, James H., 176 Remsen Street, Brooklyn 

JouvAUD, LuciEN, 354 Fourth Avenue 

Joyce, Henry L., Pier 1 1, North River 

Joyce, William B., 115 Broadway 

Judge, John C, 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 

1:2963 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



JuHRiNG, John C, Thirteenth Avenue and 27th Street 
JuiLLiARD, A. D., 70 Worth Street 
JuiLLiARD, Frederic A., 70 Worth Street 



K 

Kahn, Max, 43 West 129th Street 

Kahn, Otto H., 52 William Street 

Kalbach, a. E., 280 Broadway 

Kaley, F. E., 260 West Broadway 

Kalt, Otto J., 871 Brook Avenue 

Kamaiky, Leon, 185 East Broadway 

Kane, William F., 113-115 Broadway 

Katz, Jacob, i 14 East Broadway 

Kaufman, Louis G., 149 Broadway 

Kaufmann, S. Walter, 60 Wall Street 

Kearns, B. T., 68th Street and East River 

Kearns, Philip J., 2306 Creston Avenue 

Keating, Jerome B., 13 Park Row 

Keating, Linus, 277 Broadway 

Kehaya, Ery, 120 Broadway 

Kehr, Gustav, p. O. Box 12, Wall Street Station 

Keith, Minor C, 17 Battery Place 

Keller, J. J., 44 Woodruff Avenue, Brooklyn 

Keller, John W., Criminal Courts Building, New York 

Kellogg, Andrew H., 141 East 25th Street 

Kelly, Charles J., 30-34 West 33d Street 

Kennedy, Alfred J., Flushing, N. Y. 

Kennedy, J. J., 103 Park Avenue 

Kennelly, Bryan L., 156 Broadway 

Keogan, p. J., 103 Park Avenue 

Kephart, Rev. William H., 415 East 143d Street 

Kernochan, Justice Frederic, 44 Pine Street 

Ketchum, E. V. R., 14 John Street 

Kimball, C. W., 202 Franklin Street 

Kindermann, George, 1360 Webster Avenue 

KiES, W. S., 120 Broadway 

Kindred, Dr. John Joseph, River Crest, Astoria, L. L 

King, Dennis F., 23d Street and Fifth Avenue, Brooklyn 

King, Jerome A., 17 State Street 

11297;] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

King, Dr. Thomas A., 139 Lexington Avenue 

KiNGSLEY, Darwin P., 346 Broadway 

Kip, Henry Spies, 7 Wall Street 

KiRCHMER, George M., 176 Remsen Street, Brooklyn 

KissLiNG, John P., 9 Jackson Avenue, Long Island City 

Klaw, Marc, i 520 Broadway 

Klein, Milton M., 34th Street and Fifth Avenue 

Klein, Dr. Simon Robert, 346 East 42d Street 

Klepper, Dr. Julius I., 344 West 29th Street 

Klingman, Albert A., 339 Adams Street, Brooklyn 

Knecht, Edward F., 221 Newell Street, Greenpoint, L. L 

Knight, Charles B., 233 Broadway 

Knoedler, Roland F., 556 Fifth Avenue 

Knoeppel, Harold C, 5 Beekman Street 

Knox, Arthur, 198 Broadway 

Knox, Herbert A., 291 Broadway 

Koch, Edward R., 391 East 149th Street 

Koch, E. von den Horst, 132 West 125th Street 

Koch, W. T., 132 West 125th Street ^ 

KoENiG, Otto, Bible House 

KoHNS, Lee, 46 Warren Street 

KoLFF, Cornelius G., 52 Broadway 

KouwENHOVEN, W. H., 6ist Street and Broadway 

Kracke, Hon. F. J. H., 120 Broadway 

Kramer, Harry, i 18 Cedar Street 

Kranich, Charles, 250 West 88th Street 

Krech, Alvin W., 37 Wall Street 

Kruttschnitt, J., 165 Broadway 

Kunhardt, Henry R., 17 Battery Place 

KuNKEL, Joseph, 492 Throop Avenue, Brooklyn 

KuNz, Dr. George F., 405 Fifth Avenue 

Kuttroff, Adolf, 128 Duane Street 



L 

Lafrentz, F. W., 100 Broadway 

Lahey, James J., Ocean Avenue and Avenue M, Brooklyn 

Lalanne, Charles E., 46 Cedar Street 

Lamb, Charles R., 23 Sixth Avenue 

Lambert, Dr. Samuel W., 130 East 35th Street 

1:298: 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Lamport, S. C, 509 Broadway 

Lande, Louis, 299 Broadway 

Landon, Francis G., 29 Broadway 

Lane, Theodore T., 25 Franklin Place, Flushing, L. 1. 

Langthorn, T. S., 156 Clinton Street, Brooklyn 

Lanier, Charles D,, 30 Irving Place 

Lanigan, Thomas J., East 165th Street and Bronx River 

Larger, B. A., Bible House 

Largy, Arthur J., Third Avenue and 177th Street 

Larkin, Adrian H., 54 Wall Street 

Larkin, William P., 416 West 13th Street 

Laski, Leon, 160 Broadway 

Lathrop, Spencer, 29 Lafayette Street 

LaTour, L. E., 220 West 42d Street 

Laura, Michael, P. O. Building, Brooklyn 

Lavelle, Rt. Rev, Mgr. M. J., 460 Madison Avenue 

Lawrence, Richard W., Eleventh Avenue and 50th Street 

Lawrence, Townsend, 47 Lawrence Street, Flushing, L. L 

Lawson, Ernest, 2 West 47th Street 

Lawson, William M., 264 Water Street 

Lazar, Morris, 724 Beck Street 

Leach, Arvine C, Bridge Plaza North, Borough of Queens 

Leahy, David T., 52 Vanderbilt Avenue 

Ledoux, Albert R., 99 John Street 

Lee, John J., 16 Lafayette Avenue, Brooklyn 

Lee, William J., Municipal Building 

Leeming, T. L., 233 Broadway 

Leich, John H., 377 Broadway 

Lersner, Victor A., Broadway and Driggs Avenue, B'klyn 

Lessler, Montague, 31 Nassau Street 

Levenson, Jos., 243 Canal Street 

Leventritt, David, i i i Broadway 

Levers, Robert, 376 Lenox Avenue 

Levi, Nathaniel H., 1013 Broadway, Brooklyn 

Levin, Albert A., 215 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Levine, Samuel W., 271 Broadway 

Levy, Abraham, Times Building 

Levy, Arthur, 56 East 75th Street 

Levy, Rev. Clifton Harby, 2 Duane Street 

Levy, Edgar A., 505 Fifth Avenue 1 

C2993 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Levy, Hon. Ferdinand, 55 Liberty Street 
Levy, Isadore Montefiore, 233 Broadway 
Levy, Hon. Jefferson M., 128 Broadway 
Levy, Samuel D., 258 Central Park West 
Levy, Sylvan, 346 Maujer Street, Brooklyn 
Lewis, Edward B., 205 East 24th Street 
Lewis, M. C, 565 West 169th Street 
Lewis, Samuel, 108 West 43d Street 
Lewis, William E., 828 Eighth Avenue 
Lewisohn, Adolph, 61 Broadway 
Lichenstein, Bernard, 117 Maiden Lane 
LiEB, J. W., 124 East 15th Street 
LiEBMANN, Walter H., 233 Broadway 
Lilienstern, Solon B., 115 Broadway 
LiMBURG, Herbert R., 160 Broadway 
Linahan, J. P., Jackson Avenue, Long Island City 
Lincoln, Charles M., 61 Park Row 
Lindsay, John D., 61 Broadway 
Lindsay, L. Seton, 346 Broadway 
Lindsay, Dr. Samuel McCune, Columbia University 
Lines, Harvey K., 122 Main Street, Flushing, L. I. 
Lippmann, L. J., 338 Washington Street 
Lissberger, B., 233 Broadway 
Loft, Hon. Geo. W., Broome and Centre Streets 
Logan, Frank J., 1 11 Broadway 
Longfellow, Frederick W., 20 Exchange Place 
Loos, John H., 256 West 131st Street 
■ Lord, Chester S., 57 South Portland Avenue, Brooklyn 
Lord, F. W., 105 West 40th Street 
LoREE, L. F., 32 Nassau Street 
LoRSCH, Arthur, 37 Maiden Lane 
LoTz, Dr. G. C, 105 East 19th Street 
Loud, Gen. George B., 1338 Franklin Avenue 
Loughman, Edw. J., 1790 Broadway 
Loughman, M. F., Municipal Building 
Lounsbury, Judson, 117 Wall Street 
Love, Jno. H., 230 Fifth Avenue 

Lowes, Clarence M., Havemeyer and S. 5th Sts., B'klyn 
Luce, Harry J., 135 West 42d Street 
Luce, Robert L., i Liberty Street 

11300;] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



LucEY, Capt. John F., 233 Broadway 
Lucus, Dr. Thomas D'Arcy, 253 West 71st Street 
LuDViGH, Elek John, 501 Fifth Avenue 
Lunger, John B., 120 Broadway 
LusTiG, Maxwell, i 54 Nassau Street 
Lydecker, Charles E., 2 Rector Street 
Lydon, Richard P., 35 Nassau Street 
Lyons, Alexander, 68 William Street 



Mc 

McAdoo, Judge William, 300 Mulberry Street 

McAneny, George, 19 East 47th Street 

McAvoY, Thomas F., i 56th Street and Harlem River 

McCabe, Frank, The World, Park Row 

McCall, Edward E., 165 Broadway 

McCarroll, William, 154 Nassau Street 

McCarter, R. D., 165 Broadway 

McCarthy, John A., 550 Exterior Street 

McCarthy, Thomas D., P. O. Building 

McClellan, Lieut.-Col. George B., 90 West Street 

McClement, J. H., 165 Broadway 

McClunn, John F., 6 Stone Street 

McClure, S. S., Washington, D. C. 

McCombs, W. F., 15 Wall Street 

McCulloh, Allan, 120 Broadway 

McDermott, John A., 50 Union Square 

McDonnell, James F., 120 Broadway 

McDonnell, Robert E., 120 Broadway 

McGean, Rt. Rev. Mgr. James H., 31 Barclay Street 

McGoey, Thomas F., 19 William Street 

McGraw, James H., Tenth Avenue and 36th Street 

McGrath, Alfred J., 17 Battery Place 

McGuire, Cornelius A., Kent Ave. and Hewes St., B'klyn 

McGuire, Eugene J., 314 Alexander Avenue 

McGuire, Laurence, 115 Broadway 

McIntosh, James H., 346 Broadway 

McKay, J. A., 425 Fifth Avenue 

McKenney, Henry Potter, 80 Fifth Avenue 

McMahon, Martin J., 1208 Tinton Avenue 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

McNally, Jas. a., 219 Division Avenue, Brooklyn 
McNally, Paul, 32 Union Square 
McNair, William, 5 East 79th Street 
McRoBERTs, Col. Samuel, 55 Wall Street 



M 

Mabon, James B., 45 Wall Street 

MacDonald, George, 149 Broadway 

MacDonald, Henry, 149 Broadway 

MacDougall, Edward A., 221 Broadway, Flushing 

Mackay, Malcolm S., 14 Wall Street 

Mackay, Clarence H., 253 Broadway 

Mackenzie, A., 25 Pine Street 

MacLean, Andrew, 397 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 

MacLean, Charles F., 55 Liberty Street 

MacNeill, Herman A., 160 Fifth Avenue 

MacRae, Farquhar J., 55 William Street 

Macy, Nelson, 441 Pearl Street 

Magonigle, H. V. B., 120 Broadway 

Maguire, James J., 3 South William Street 

Mahoney, Jeremiah T., 51 Chambers Street 

Malcolm, Ernest E., 113 Broadway 

Maloney, William R., 165 Broadway 

Man, Alrick H., 56 Wall Street 

Mann, W. D., 2 West 45th Street 

Manney, Harry Mayo, 1556 Union St., Brooklyn 

Manning, Walter W., 280 Madison Avenue 

Manning, Rev. William T., 187 Fulton Street 

Mansfield, Howard, 49 Wall Street 

Manship, Paul, 42 Washington Mews, New York City 

Marble, W. A., 880 Broadway 

Marcus, Joseph S., 77 Delancey Street 

Markowitz, Michael N., 35 Nassau Street 

Marine, Arlando, 7 East 42d Street 

Marks, Marcus M., 4 East 94th Street 

Marling, Alfred E., 21 Liberty Street 

Marlow, Ernest W., 63 Wall Street 

Marsh, Henry W., 80 Maiden Lane 

Marshall, Louis, 120 Broadway 

[3023 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Marshall, Walter H., The Vanderbilt Hotel 

Marston, Edgar L., 24 Broad Street 

Marston, Edwin S., 22 William Street 

Martin, Edward J., 265 Broadway 

Martin, Francis, 2150 University Avenue 

Martin, Frederick, i 57 East 67th Street 

Martin, Herbert S., 102 Madison Avenue 

Martin, William J., 64 Wall Street 

Marvin, Langdon P., 52 Wall Street 

Marx, Henry, 115 Broadway 

Marzo, Alberto Stephen, 139 West 87th Street \ 

Mason, Gabriel R., 425 East 145th Street 

Mason, John A., 1974 University Avenue 

Mathewson, Douglas, 55 Liberty Street 

Mayer, Joseph B., 43 Exchange Place 

Maynard, E. p., 177 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Maynard, Walter E., 501 Fifth Avenue 

Mead, S. C, 233 Broadway 

Meade, Richard W., i02d Street near Fifth Avenue 

Meding, Dr. C. B., 113 East 54th Street 

Medler, James L., 30 Broad Street 

Meehan, Alfred L., Municipal Building 

Meehan, James F., 163d Street and Southern Boulevard 

Meehan, Thomas J., 115 Broadway 

Mehren, E. J., Tenth Avenue and 36th Street 

Mendes, Rev. H. Pereira, 99 Central Park West 

Menken, S. Stanwood, 52 William Street 

Menninger, Peter L., Jamaica, N. Y. 

Mergentine, Charles B., 37 Broadway 

Merrall, Walter H., 135 West 42d Street 

Merrell, Azel F., Pier 32, East River 

Merrill, Bradford, 238 William Street 

Merritt, Alan Douglas, 50 West 45th Street 

Merritt, a. L., 264 West 96th Street 

Merritt, Walter H., 54 Wall Street 

Metcalfe, James S., 17 West 31st Street 

Metz, Herman A., 122 Hudson Street 

Meurer, Edward C, 526 Bay Street, Stapleton, S. I. 

Meyer, Charles C, 62 William Street 

Meyer, Paul, 6 East 39th Street 

I303I 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Meyers, Chas. B., i Union Square West 

Mezes, Dr. Sidney E., St. Nicholas Terrace and 139th St. 

MiDDLETON, Arthur W., 54 Lafayette Street 

MiELE, Stefano, 299 Broadway 

MiLBANK, Albert G., 49 Wall Street 

MiLBURN, A. W., 108 Hudson Street 

MiLBURN, John G., 54 Wall Street 

Miles, William A., 141 West 36th Street 

MiLius, Fred A., no Fifth Avenue 

Millard, William J., 55 Liberty Street 

Miller, Abraham L., Sutphin Road and Rockaway 

Boulevard, Jamaica, N. Y. 
Miller, C. R., 213 West 43d Street 
Miller, Cyrus C., 220 West 57th Street 
Miller, Henry, 747 Ninth Avenue 
MiLLiGAN, Jas. a., 3 West 29th Street 
Mills, Henry P., 29 Broadway 
Minor, Charles F., 148th Street and Third Avenue 
Mitchell, Charles E., 55 Wall Street 
Mitchell, John, 220 West 57th Street 
Mitchell, Nathan J., 261 Broadway 
Mitchell, Justice Richard H., Third Ave. and i6ist St. 
Mitchell, William, 44 Wall Street 
Mix, J. Rowland, 381 Fourth Avenue 
Mokarzel, N. a., 81 West Street 
Montgomery, J. M., 142 Pearl Street 
Montgomery, Robert H., 55 Liberty Street 
Moody, Ernest R., Port Richmond, N. Y. 
Moore, Major Edwin W., 10 East 43d Street 
Moore, John C, 401 Fifth Avenue 
Moore, Joseph S., 119 W. 40th Street 
Moore, Thomas H., World Building 
Moorehead, Robert J., 311 Bedford Park Blvd., Bronx 
MoRAN, Eugene F., 17 Battery Place 
Morawetz, Victor, 44 Wall Street 
Mordecai, Benjamin, 30 East 42d Street 
Morgan, John Hill, 20 Exchange Place 
Morgan, Shepard A., 120 Broadway 
Morgan, Wm. Fellowes, Arch 11, Brooklyn Bridge 
Morgenthau, M. L., 431 Hudson Street 

11304 3 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Morris, Charles S., 14 West 66th Street 

Morris, Dave H., 68 Broad Street 

Morrison, A. B., 140 Nassau Street 

Morse, Anthony W., 20 West 40th Street 

Morse, Perley, 61 Broadway 

MosKowiTz, Henry, 147 East 38th Street 

Moss, Benjamin S., 729 Seventh Avenue 

Moss, Frank, 233 Broadway 

Muehlstein, Herman, 838 West End Avenue 

MuHLFiELD, Frank J., 392 Fifth Avenue 

MuLLAN, Justice Geo. V., 55 Liberty Street 

Munholland, John J., 190 Bowery 

MuNN, Charles A., 233 Broadway 

Munn, Dr. John P., 18 West 58th Street 

Munro, James J., Municipal Building 

Munsey, Frank A., 280 Broadway 

Murphy, Hon. Arthur H., Tremont and Arthur Avenues 

Murphy, Hon. Charles F., 145 East 14th Street 

Murphy, Hon. Daniel F., 32 Franklin Street 

Murphy, Dr. Jos. P., 653 St. Mark's Avenue, Brooklyn 

Murphy, P. F., 404 Fifth Avenue 

Murphy, Peter J., 25 Woodruff Avenue, Brooklyn 

Murray, Major Edward C, Far Rockaway 

Murray, J. Archibald, 49 Wall Street 

Murray, John F., i Madison Avenue 

Murray, Matthew T., 141 Broadway 

Murray, Thomas E., 54 Wall Street 

Murray, William J., 1 1 Broadway 

Muschenheim, William C, Hotel Astor 

Musliner, Silas, 88 Gold Street 

Myers, William J., 70 Beekman Street 

Myric, Julian S., 38 Nassau Street 



N 

Nast, Conde, 19 West 44th Street 
Nathan, Abram L., i 123 Broadway 
Nathan, Edgar J., 128 Broadway 
Naughton, John H., 153 East 53d Street 
Nawench, Albert M., 424 East 9th Street 

n305n 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Neal, E. Virgil, i i East 36th Street 

Nealley, Dr. W. G., DeKalb Ave. & Raymond St., B'klyn 

Nelson, W. H. deB., 120 West 32d Street 

Nicholas, Grosvenor, 26 Beaver Street 

Nichols, A. S., Park Avenue and 129th Street 

NicoLL, Courtlandt, 61 Broadway 

NissEN, LuDWiG, 182 Broadway 

Nix, John W., 281 Washington Street 

NoRDEN, Mortimer, 31 1 West Fortieth Street 

Norman, C. G., Winfield, L. I. 

Norton, George C., 115 Broadway 

Nun AN, J. D., 401 Fifth Avenue 



O 

O'Brien, Charles J., 22 North William Street 
O'Brien, John F., 617 Fifth Avenue 
O'Brien, John H., 316 West 79th Street 
O'Brien, Joseph J., 80 South Street 
O'Brien, Morgan J., 120 Broadway 
O'Brien, Thos. F., 80 South Street 
O'Callaghan, Thomas, i 15 Broadway 
Ochs, Adolph S., 213 West 43d Street 
O'CoNNELL, David J., 354 Fourth Avenue 
O'Connor, William J., 163 West 105th Street 
Oehler, Alfred J., 1207 Decatur Street, Brooklyn 
O'Flaherty, James, 225 West 39th Street 
O'Flaherty, William, 141 East 1 1 ith Street 
O'GoRMAN, Hon. James A., 37 Wall Street 
O'Keefe, John G., 60 Broadway 
O'Keefe, John J., 412 Eighth Avenue 
Olcott, E. E., Desbrosses Street Pier 
Oliver, Wm. H., 57 Fifth Avenue 
Olsen, John A., 67 West 125th Street 
Olyphant, Robert, 17 Battery Place 
O'M ALLEY, Edward J., Municipal Building 
O'Neill, William, 781 Eighth Avenue 
Op de Beeck, Dr. F., 338 West 56th Street 
Opffer, Emil, 132 Nassau Street 
O'Reilly, L. J., 392 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn 

L3o6n 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



O'Reilly, Thomas J., 51 Chambers Street 
O'RouRKE, John J., 52 Gordon Street, Stapleton, S. I. 
O'RouRKE, TiERNEY A., 103 Park Avenue 
Orr, G. Frank, 206 Broadway 
OsBORN, William Church, 71 Broadway 
OsEROFF, Abraham, 356 Second Avenue 
Oswald, John Clyde, 344 West 38th Street 
Outerbridge, E. H., II Broadway 



Paley, H., 1 53 East Broadway 

Palmenberg, Edward, ii East 125th Street 

Palmer, Eric H., 305 Avenue C, Brooklyn 

Palmer, Ray, 444 Jackson Avenue, L. I. C. 

Park, Dr. William H., 315 West 76th Street 

Parker, G. A., 584 Park Place, Brooklyn 

Parker, John H., 24 East 62d Street 

Parker, J. Russell, 288 Sheffield Avenue, Brooklyn 

Parody, Aubrey J., 21 Park Row 

Partridge, Dr. Edward L., 19 Fifth Avenue 

Pascocello, Joseph, 299 Broadway 

Paskus, Benj. G., 128 Broadway 

Pasvolsky, Leo, 31 East 7th Street 

Patchin, Robert H., 7 Hanover Square 

Paton, Thomas B., 5 Nassau Street 

Patri, Angelo, 601 East 170th Street 

Patten, Thomas G., 31st Street and Eighth Avenue 

Patterson, Rufus L., 511 Fifth Avenue 

Payne, George E., Bridge Plaza, L. I. C. 

Peabody, Charles A., 34 Nassau Street 

Pearson, John B., St. Mark's Place, New Brighton, S. I. 

Pelz, George V. W., 109 West 125th Street 

Pendleton, Judge Francis K., 7 East 86th Street 

Penfield, Frederic C, 787 Fifth Avenue 

Pepe, Vincent C, 40 South Washington Square 

Perilli, Dr. John W., 68 West loth Street 

Perkins, George W., 71 Broadway 

Perlman, Raphael, 54 Second Avenue 

Perrine, George, i i i East 41st Street 

[307] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

Peters, Curtis A., 55 Wall Street 

Phelan, John J., 30 Broad Street 

Phillips, Burdette, 241 West 37th Street 

Phillips, Duncan, 7 West 43d Street 

Phillips, E. L., 50 Church Street 

Phillips, Nathaniel, 261 Broadway 

Phillips, Hon. N. Taylor, 51 Chambers Street 

Pidgeon, Jose E., 67 Decatur Street, Brooklyn 

Pierce, Henry H., 49 Wall Street 

PiERSoN, Lewis E., 233 Broadway 

Pink, Louis Heaton, 32 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Piva, Celestino, 46 Union Square 

Platt, Simon M., 908 Brook Avenue 

Platten, John W., 55 Cedar Street 

Plaut, Leopold, 17 East 47th Street 

Plimpton, G. A., 70 Fifth Avenue 

Plummer, Franklin A., 71 Broadway 

Porter, Gen. Horace, 277 Madison Avenue 

Porter, Nathan T., Jr., 108 Worth Street 

Post, James H., 129 Front Street 

Pounds, Lewis H., 317 East 17th Street, Brooklyn 

Pratt, Frederic B., Pratt Institute, Brooklyn 

Pratt, John T., 43 Exchange Place 

Presbrey, Frank, 456 Fourth Avenue 

Price, W. W., i i i Broadway 

Prince, E. S., 1870 Webster Avenue 

Pringle, J., 3240 Broadway 

Procter, Rodney, 27 Pine Street 

Proskauer, Joseph M., hi Broadway 

Prosser, Seward, 16 Wall Street 

Pulleyn, John J., 51 Chambers Street 

PuRDY, Dr. Harry R., 240 East 31st Street 

Purdy, Lawson, 105 East 22d Street 

PuRDY, W. Frank, 10 East 47th Street 

PuRViN, Myles, 291 Broadway 

Q 

Quattrocchi, Antonio, 144 West 44th Street 
QuiNN, Peter T., 182 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn 

1:308:] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



R 

Rabenold, Ellwood M., 6i Broadway 

Ramsay, Dick S., 291 Broadway 

Ramsey, Clarence J., 141 Broadway 

Rand, R. L., St. George, New Brighton, N. Y. 

Rayens, Michael W., 26 Cortlandt Street 

Regan, Thomas, 24 Lawton Street, Brooklyn 

Reiburn, Michael E., 277 Broadway 

Reichers, Dr. G. H., 141 1 Bushwick Avenue, Brooklyn 

Reick, William C., 150 Nassau Street 

Reid, Charles E., Third Avenue and 137th Street 

Reid, James J., 1910 Davidson Avenue 

Reid, Ogden, i 54 Nassau Street 

Reid, William C, 18 Broadway 

Reinhardt, George N., 973 Brook Avenue 

Reisner, Rev. Christian P., 131 West 104th Street 

Reiss, Morris D., 261 Broadway 

Remick, W. H., 14 Wall Street 

Renaud, Henry Stanley, Criminal Courts Building 

Revell, Fleming H., i 58 Fifth Avenue 

Reynolds, James Bronson, i 5 1 Central Park West 

Rhinelander, Philip, 27 William Street 

Rhoades, John Harsen, 31 Pine Street 

Richards, Ambrose L., 121 Jefferson Street, Brooklyn 

Richards, E. O., 416 Broadway 

Richardson, Allan H., 236 West 37th Street 

Richmond, Stacy C, 59 Cedar Street 

RiCHTER, Max C, 627 Broadway 

RiDDER, Bernard H., 182 William Street 

RiEGELMANN, Edward, Borough Hall, Brooklyn 

RiEHLE, John M., 617 Fifth Avenue 

Riesenburger, Irving, 27 Main Street, Flushing, L. I. 

Riley, James J., 11 89 Greene Avenue, Brooklyn 

Riley, John P., 164 Eleventh Avenue 

Riley, Thomas J., 69 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn 

Ringler, F. a., 40 Park Place 

Riordan, Hon. Daniel J., 112 Centre Street 

RissE, Louis A., 599 Mott Avenue 

C309II 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

RiTTER, E. P. v., 480 Lexington Avenue 
RoBB, Brig.-Gen. James, 195 Broadway 
RoBBiNs, Very Rev. Howard C, St. John's Cathedral 
Robertson, Charles E., 61 Broadway 
Robinson, Allan, 624 Madison Avenue 
Robinson, Beverley R., 49 Wall Street 
Robinson, Edward, 120 Broadway 
Robinson, Powhatan, 258 Broadway 
RoBisoN, Rabbi A. C, 148 East 92d Street 
RoBiTZEK, Hon. Harry, 2804 Third Avenue 
Roche, Edward, Far Rockaway 
Rockwell, Joseph H., 1125 Carroll Street, Brooklyn 
Rogers, Jason, 75 Dey Street 
RoGGEN, Harry, 653 Broadway 
Root, Elihu, 31 Nassau Street 
Rorke, Alexander I., 51 Chambers Street 
Rosen, Leon, 120 Broadway 

RosENQUEST, EuGENE H., 43 Westchester Sq., Westchester 
Rosenthal, Benjamin, 200 Fifth Avenue 
Rosenthal, S. M., 55 Fifth Avenue 
Rosenwald, Benno, 145 Water Street 
Ross, Leroy W., 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 
Ross, W. C, 10 East 38th Street 
RossiTER, C. L., 30 Vesey Street 
Rothschild, Meyer D., 6 West 48th Street 
Rothschild, S. F., 422 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 
Rousseau, Theodore, 140 Broadway 
Rowan, John J., 363 20th Street, Brooklyn 
Rowan, Joseph, 60 Wall Street 
Rowe, Frederick W., 728 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn 
RowE, George H., 122 Milton Street, Brooklyn 
Runkel, Louis, 445 West 30th Street 
Ruppert, Jacob, 1639 Third Avenue 
Rush, Thomas E., Custom House 
Rushmore, Charles E., 61 Broadway 
Rutland, C, 134 West 26th Street 
Ryan, Allan A., Police Headquarters 
Ryan, Hon. George J., 500 Park Avenue 
Ryan, J. P., 26 Cortlandt Street 
Ryan, Joseph T., 149 Broadway 
11310;] 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Ryan, Hon. Morgan M. L., New Brighton, S. I. 
Ryan, Dr. Thomas J., 511 Fifth Avenue 
Ryle, Arthur, 225 Fourth Avenue 



Sabin, Charles H., 140 Broadway 
Sachs, Mayer, 104 Kent Street, Brooklyn 
Sachs, Samuel, 60 Wall Street 
Sadowsky, R., Broadway and 37th Street 
Sague, Hon. John K., 112 Riverside Drive 
Salomon, William, 25 Broad Street 
Sampers, I. H., 195 Fulton Street 
Samstag, Henry F., 1200 Broadway 
Samuel, Ralph, 456 Fourth Avenue 
Sanborn, Elmer E., 468 Riverside Drive 
Satterlee, Herbert L., 49 Wall Street 
Saunders, W. L., i i Broadway 
Sausville, Joseph, 394 Greenwich Street 
Savage, Dr. Watson L., 56 West 45th Street 
Saxe, John Godfrey, 30 Broad Street 
Sayer, Henry D., 230 Fifth Avenue 
Sayre, Dr. Reginald H., 14 West 48th Street 
Scanlan, Michael J., 51 Chambers Street 
Schaap, Michael, 1855 Seventh Avenue 
ScHAEFFER, Amos, Municipal Building 
ScHAUFFLER, Henry P., 44 Court Street, Brooklyn 
ScHERMERHORN, N. E., 120 Broadway 
ScHEUER, Arnold L., 37 Wall Street 
ScHiEFFELiN, WiLLiAM Jay, 170 William Street 
ScHiFF, Mortimer L., 52 William Street 
ScHiRMER, Rudolph E., 3 East 43d Street 
Schlemmer, a. W., Bronx Borough Hall 
ScHLESiNGER, Leo, 64 Wooster Street 
Schneidenbach, Dr. A. J., 51 East 78th Street 
Schneider, Bart I., 157 Nevins Street, Brooklyn 
Schneider, Henry, 542 Fifth Avenue 
Schneider, Samson A., 22 West 32d Street 
Schneider, Samuel R., 165 Broadway 
Schoen, William P., 115 Broadway 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

ScHOLZ, Emil M., 20 Vesey Street 

Schramm, Harry, 231 Bowery 

ScHULMAN, Rev. Samuel, 55 East g2d Street 

ScHULTHEis, Anton, 316 19th Street, College Point, L. I. 

Schwab, Abraham, 120 Broadway 

Schwab, Charles M., i i i Broadway 

Schwartz, S. I., 347 Fifth Avenue 

Schwarz, Arthur A., 952 Third Avenue 

ScHWARZLER, AuGusT P., 1 662 Boston Road 

ScoFiELD, George S., 233 Broadway 

Scott, Francis M., 46 Cedar Street 

Scott, Robert, 354 Fourth Avenue 

Scott, Walter, 495 Broadway 

Scribner, Arthur H., 597 Fifth Avenue 

Scribner, Charles, 597 Fifth Avenue 

Scully, P. J., Municipal Building 

Searing, F. F., 369 Park Avenue, Paterson, N. J. 

Seavey, James Arthur, 130 West 93d Street 

Sedgwick, Henry Renwick, 107 East 37th Street 

Seeligmann, Dr. Gustav, 53 East 72d Street 

Seesselberg, Henry A., 71 Broadway 

Seligman, Henry, i William Street 

Semple, Lorenzo, 2 Rector Street 

Sexton, Robert H., 347 Madison Avenue 

Shanks, Major-General David C, Hoboken, N. J. 

Shaw, Albert J., 18 East 41st Street 

Shaw, Dr. Richard E., Henry and Pacific Streets, B'klyn 

Shearn, Hon. Clarence J., 308 West 78th Street 

Sheffield, James R., 52 William Street 

Sheldon, James C, 170 Broadway 

Shepard, Finley J., 120 Broadway 

Sheridan, Andrew, 263 Third Avenue 

Sherrill, Adj.-General C. H., 20 East 65th Street 

Shevlin, John J., 1 10 West 34th Street 

Shipway, John H., ioi Park Avenue 

Sholes, Albert E., 70 Broadway, Flushing, N. Y. 

Shonnard, H. S., 120 Broadway 

Shonts, Theodore P., 165 Broadway 

Shubert, Lee, 225 West 44th Street 

Shufro, Jacob J., 1391 Stebbins Avenue 

1:312: 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Shulhof, Otto B., 105 Madison Avenue 

Shumway, C. S., 1029 East 163d Street 

Shuster, W. Morgan, 353 Fourth Avenue 

SiCHER, Dudley D., 49 West 21st Street 

SicHER, Samuel A., 49 West 21st Street 

SiEGEL, Hon. Isaac, 395 Broadway 

SiEGELTUCH, ISIDORE, 233 Broadway 

SiGEL, Franz, 1918 Arthur Avenue 

SiLBERSTEiN, Emanuel I., 6 1 Park Row 

SiLZ, August, 414 West 14th Street 

Simmons, Maurice, 198 Broadway 

Simon, Robert E., 30 East 42d Street 

SiMONSON, Charles E., West New Brighton, S. I. 

Simonson, C. Earl, 1031 Post Ave., Port Richmond, N. Y. 

Sinclair, H. F., 120 Broadway 

SiNGHi, H. U., I East Fordham Road 

Sinnott, Hon. Philip J., 115 Broadway 

SiNRAM, George F., 5th Street and East River 

Slayton, E., 405 East Tremont Avenue 

Sleicher, John A., 225 Fifth Avenue 

Sloane, John, 829 Park Avenue 

Smith, Alfred E., City Hall 

Smith, A. H., Grand Central Terminal 

Smith, Col. C. W., 357 Sumner Avenue, Brooklyn 

Smith, Clement H., 460 East Tremont Avenue 

Smith, Frank W., 32 Franklin Street 

Smith, Howard C, 45 Wall Street 

Smith, Very Rev. Ignatius, 41 1 East 68th Street 

Smith, John Francis, 445 West 50th Street 

Smith, Dr. J. Gardner, 21 West i22d Street 

Smith, Ormond G., Seventh Avenue and 15th Street 

Smith, Thomas F., 880 West End Avenue 

Smyth, Herbert C, i 5 Wall Street 

Snare, Frederick, 233 Broadway 

Snedeker, Charles LeB., 2 Maiden Lane 

Sneudaira, M. J., 309 Broadway 

Snow, Charles H., University Heights 

Snow, Elbridge G., 56 Cedar Street 

Snyder, Alex. C, Irving Trust Co., Flatbush Ave., B'klyn 

Sohmer, Hon. William, 37 Liberty Street 

1:313: 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

SoLARi, LuiGi, 6 Wall Street 

SoMERS, Arthur S., 500 Park Avenue 

SoNDERN, Dr. Frederic E., 20 West 55th Street 

SoNDHEiM, Phineas, 236 West 70th Street 

Spalding, Charles D., Union League Club 

Sparkman, J. D., 2 West 45th Street 

Spear, Maynard H., 88 Main Street, Flushing, N. Y. 

Spellman, Benjamin F., 115 Broadway 

Spellman, James A., 299 Hart Street, Brooklyn 

Spencer, A. H., 10 East 58th Street 

Spencer, Major J. Beaumont, 10 East 58th Street 

Sperber, Jacob, 20 West 33d Street 

Speyer, James, 24-26 Pine Street 

Spratt, Theodore H., 126 Park Ave., Port Richmond, S. 

Squiers, Arnon L., 34 Nassau Street 

Staats, Gustav J., 733 Lexington Avenue 

Stabler, Walter, i Madison Avenue 

Stanchfield, John B., 120 Broadway 

Stanley, Rob't Crooks, 67 Low Terrace, N. Brighton, S. 

Stanton, W. A., in Broadway 

Starr, Dr. M. Allen, 5 West 54th Street 

Steel, Dr. George E., 256 West 79th Street 

Steele, Charles, 23 Wall Street 

Steele, Hiram R., 32 Liberty Street 

Steers, Hon. Alfred E., 495 Gates Avenue, Brooklyn 

Steers, Henry, 17 Battery Place 

Steigleder, George A., World Building 

Stein, Morton, 63 Wall Street 

Steinbrink, Meier, 215 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Steiner, Henry, 257 West 17th Street 

Steinhardt, Joseph H., ioi Park Place 

Steinmetz, John A., 1005 East i8oth Street 

Steinway, Theodore E., 107 East 14th Street 

Stella, Dr. Antonio, 214 East i6th Street 

Stephens, Olin J., 138th Street and Mott Haven Canal 

Sterling, G. W., Pier 19, North River 

Sterling, Louis V., 115 Broadway 

Stern, Henry, 320 Broadway 

Stern, Louis, 41 West 42d Street 

Stern, Maximilian, 165 Front Street 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Stern, M. Samuel, 1547 Broadway 

Sterry, Fred., Hotel Plaza 

Stetson, Francis Lynde, 15 Broad Street 

Steurer, Charles D., 149th Street and Bergen Avenue 

Stevens, Joseph E., 17 Battery Place 

Stevenson, Archibald Ewing, 20 Nassau Street 

Stevenson, Harry, 16 East 33d Street 

Stewart, A. M., 30 Church Street 

Stewart, Dr. George David, 417 Park Avenue 

Stewart, Lispenard, 31 Nassau Street 

Stewart, Louis, 5 West 34th Street 

Stiefel, Jacob, Tribune Building 

Stillwell, Lewis B., 100 Broadway 

Stoddard, Francis R., Jr., 165 Broadway 

Stoddard, Henry L., 25 City Hall Place 

Stokes, William A., 50 Howard Street 

Stone, I. F., 244 Madison Avenue 

Stone, Medad E., 75 Murray Street 

Stonebridge, George E., 4143 Park Avenue 

Storm, Frederic, Bayside, L. I. 

Story, Elmer G., Woolworth Building 

Strasbourger, Samuel, 74 Broadway 

Strasser, Dr. C. Eugene, Classon & St. Mark's Av., B'klyn 

Straus, Jesse Isidor, Herald Square 

Straus, Oscar S., 120 Broadway 

Straus, Percy S., Herald Square 

Straus, S. W., 150 Broadway 

Strauss, Dr. Israel, i 16 West 59th Street 

Strong, Hon. Benjamin, Federal Reserve Bank 

Stroock, M. J., 141 Broadway 

Sturgis, F. K., 36 Broad Street 

Sullivan, Andrew P., 215 Montague Street, Brooklyn 

Sullivan, Florence J., 27 Cedar Street 

Sullivan, Francis J., 120 Broadway 

Sullivan, Harry S., Borough Hall, Brooklyn 

Sullivan, Matthew J., 109 Cliff Street 

Sulzberger, Myron, 38 Park Row 

SuTPHEN, Henry R., 5 Nassau Street 

Sutro, Lionel, 2 West 45th Street , 

1:3151 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



Sweeney, George W., The Ansonia 

Sweeny, Robert, 52 Broadway 

SwiTZER, Maurice, 57th Street and Seventh Avenue 

T 

Tack, Augustus V., 7 West 43d Street 

Taft, Henry W., 40 Wall Street 

Talbot, Richmond, 52 William Street 

Tams, J. Fredk., 52 Pine Street 

Tanner, Frederick C, i Madison Avenue 

Tarbell, Gage E., 320 Fifth Avenue 

Taylor, Franklin, 233 Broadway 

Taylor, Ronald, 520 East 20th Street 

Taylor, Walter F., 54 Wall Street 

Taylor, William E., 120 Broadway 

Tenney, C. H., 8 Washington Place 

Theophilatos, D. J., 17 State Street 

Thomas, Charles G. M., 130 East 1 5th Street 

Thompson, J. D., 43 West 27th Street 

Thompson, Dr. W. Gilman, 61 West 49th Street 

Thorley, Charles, 562 Fifth Avenue 

Thorne, John G., 124 East 28th Street 

Thorne, W. V. S., 19 Cedar Street 

Tiernan, J. Harry, Borough Hall, New Brighton, N. Y. 

Tierney, Hon. John M., Supreme Court, Chambers Street 

TiLFORD, Frank, 225 Fifth Avenue 

TiMONEY, Bernard W., 276 Jackson Avenue, L. I. C. 

TocH, Henry M., 320 Fifth Avenue 

Tompkins, Leslie J., 27 Cedar Street 

Tompkins, Roswell D., 154 East 54th Street 

TowLE, Felix S., 332 Broadway 

TowNE, Charles H., 25 West 44th Street 

TowNE, Henry R., 9 East 40th Street 

TowNSEND, Howard, 27 Cedar Street 

TowsoN, Charles R., 347 Madison Avenue 

Tracy, John, i Broadway 

Tracy, Michael, i Broadway 

Tracy, Patrick J., Arthur and Tremont Avenues 

Traitel, Benj. D., Long Island City, N. Y. 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Treadwell, Col. H. H., 401 Fifth Avenue 
Trenholm, Frank, 141 Broadway 
Tribus, Louis L., 15 Park Row 
Trier, Ralph, 108 Wooster Street 
Triest, W. G., 8 West 40th Street 
Triller, Charles, 36 Hudson Street 
Trotta, D. a., 391 East 149th Street 
Truesdell, W. E., 5 Beekman Street 
TuMBRiDGE, William, 51 Clark Street, Brooklyn 
TuTTLE, Fred B., 522 East 20th Street 
Twitchell, H. K., 270 Broadway 
Tyler, Frank H., i 183 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 

U 

Ullman, Fercival C, Jr., 29 Broadway 
Underhill, C. B., 590 West i72d Street 
Unterberg, Israel, 86 Franklin Street 
Untermyer, Samuel, 120 Broadway 

V 

Vail, Theodore N., 195 Broadway 

Van Brunt, J. R., 80 Lafayette Street 

Vance, Arthur T., 214 West 39th Street 

Van Cleve, George B., 1790 Broadway 

Van Clief, William S., Port Richmond, N. Y. ^ 

Van Dernoot, Emanuel, 5 1 Chambers Street 

Van de Water, Rev. George R., 7 West i22d Street 

Van Doren, Louis O., 31 Nassau Street 

Vanecek, S. J., 496 East 163d Street 

Van Kirk, J. Philip, 370 East 149th Street 

Van Name, Hon. Calvin D., Borough Hall, St. George, S. \. 

Van Sinderen, Howard, 44 Wall Street 

Van Steenbergh, W. H., 10 Wall Street 

Vatable, Auguste S., 340 Madison Avenue 

Verdery, Marion J., 10 Broad Street 

Vernon, Paul E., 22 Reade Street 

Villepigue, James, 200 West 58th Street 

Vlasto, Right Hon. Solon Stylien I., 113 West 31st Street 

Vogel, Edwin C, hi Broadway 

1:317] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 



W 

Wachtel, J., 855 East 163d Street 

Wack, George, 1029 East 163d Street 

Wainwright, James H., 42 Broadway 

Walbridge, Henry D., 14 Wall Street 

Walden, E. B., 17 Battery Place 

Walker, H. B., Pier 25, North River 

Walker, J. Bernard, 233 Broadway 

Wall, Very Rev. F. H., 211 West 141st Street 

Wallace, John Findley, 37 Wall Street 

Wallach, Samuel, 1201 Broadway 

Wallis, Frederick A., in Broadway 

Walsh, Frank P., 2146 Woolworth Building 

Walter, Martin, 505 Tremont Avenue 

Walters, John, 30 East 42d Street 

Wanamaker, Rodman, 524 Fifth Avenue 

Warburg, Felix M., 52 William Street 

Ward, George S., Southern Boulevard and 143d Street 

Ward, J. G., 85 Liberty Street 

Ward, Theodore H., 17 Battery Place 

Warren, Lloyd, 16 East 47th Street 

Watkins, C. C., Jr., 131 East 23d Street 

Watriss, Frederick N., 32 Nassau Street 

Watson, Archibald R., 165 Broadway 

Webber, Richard, 120th Street and Third Avenue 

Webster, Richardson, Hall of Records, Brooklyn 

Wedemeyer, Hon. Arnold J. B., Stapleton, S. I. 

Weier, John E., Richmond Hill, N. Y. 

Weil, David L., 35 Nassau Street 

Weil, Jacob, 269 Canal Street 

Weil, Samuel, 194 Franklin Street 

Weinberg, Morris, 183 East Broadway 

Weingarten, Melville D., 47 West 34th Street 

Weinstock, Leon C., 155 East 22d Street 

Weisker, B. H., 165 Broadway 

Weiss, Jacob, 48 Mangin Street 

Wells, W. F., 360 Pearl Street, Brooklyn 

Welsh, William J., 691 Bay Street, Tompkinsville, S. I. 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE 



Wemple, William Y., 8o Maiden Lane 

Wendt, Alfred, 3 1 5 Fourth Avenue 

Werner, Dr. Louis H., 1993^ East 58th Street 

Wertheim, Sanders A., 30th Street and East River 

West, Henry L., 19 West 44th Street 

West, James E., 200 Fifth Avenue 

Westergren, M. F., 213 East 144th Street 

Wexler, Sol, 42 Broadway 

Whalen, Robert T., 219 Grand Street, Brooklyn 

Wheeler, Edward J., 63 West 36th Street 

Wheeler, Howard, 223 Spring Street 

Wheeler, Dr. Schuyler Skaats, 30 Church Street 

Whelan, John F., 141 East 46th Street 

Whigman, H. J., 432 Fourth Avenue 

White, Alfred T., 14 Wall Street 

White, J. G., 43 Exchange Place 

White, John J., 2575 Broadway 

White, Martin J., 2 Rector Street 

WiERNiK, Peter, 77 Bowery 

WiGGiN, Albert H., 57 Broadway 

Wilbur, John A., 290 Lenox Avenue 

Wiley, Louis, The New York Times, Times Square 

Wilkes, Daniel W., 46-50 Court Street, Brooklyn 

Wilkes, William D., 145 Lafayette Street 

Wilkin, Justice Robert, Children's Court, Brooklyn 

WiLLCOx, William G., 3 South William Street 

WiLLCox, William R., 165 Broadway 

Williams, Arthur, Irving Place and 15th Street 

Williams, B., 173 Main Street, Tottenville, S. L 

Williams, Harold, 107 West 46th Street 

Williams, Stephen G., 30 Broad Street 

Williams, Prof. Talcott, i i6th Street and Broadway 

Williams, Thomas, Eleventh Avenue, Corner 25th Street 

Willis, Walter I., Bridge Plaza, L. 1. City 

WiLMOT, Frederick H., 169 West 231st Street 

WiLSEY, Frank D., 69 West Street 

Wilson, Bishop Luther B., i 50 Fifth Avenue 

WiNEBURGH, Henry, 527 Fifth Avenue 

Winthrop, Bronson, 32 Liberty Street 

WiNTHROP, Egerton L., Jr., 32 Liberty Street 

[319;] 



THE MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE 

WiNTHROP, Col. Henry Rodgers, 15 Wall Street 

Wise, Edward, 44 West i8th Street 

Wise, Henry A., 1 5 William Street 

Wise, Rabbi Stephen S., 23 West 90th Street 

WiTTEMANN, Harold E., 1440 54th Street, Brooklyn 

WoLBARST, Dr. Abraham L., 113 East 19th Street 

Wolfe, Lee J., 165 Broadway 

WoLFSON, Leo, 299 Broadway 

WoLLMAN, B. F., 20 Broad Street 

Wood, Arthur E., 41 West 125th Street 

Wood, Henry A. Wise, 25 Madison Avenue 

Woodruff, Walter B., i Bridge Plaza, Long Island City 

Woods, Lt.-Col. Arthur, 2026 R Street, Washington, D. C. 

Woods, Harry T., 386 East 5th Street, Brooklyn 

Woods, William Seaver, 354 Fourth Avenue 

Woods, William S., 106 Monroe Street, Brooklyn 

Woodward, William, i i Nassau Street 

Wray, C. H., 55 John Street 

Wright, H. J., 73 Dey Street 

Wronker, Dr. L. J., 58 Second Avenue 

WuRZBACH, F. A., 401 East 163d Street, Bronx 

Y 

Yeska, Joseph, 725 Broadway 

York, Frank S., 358 East 145th Street 

York, Rev. John C, 409 Linden Street, Brooklyn 

Young, John R., 233 Broadway 

Young, Owen D., 120 Broadway 

Young, Richard, 36 Spruce Street , 

Young, William, 414 West 41st Street 

Z 

Zahn, Henry, Sixth Avenue and loth Street 
ZiPSER, Dr. Jacques E., 1099 Madison Avenue 
ZuccA, Antonio, 25 West Broadway 
ZucKERMAN, Henry, 52 Broadway 
ZuKOR, Adolph, 485 Fifth Avenue 
Zunino, Frank A., Long Island City, N. Y. 

11320] 



INDEX 



A, B, C of Taxation, 48 

Activities of Mayor's Committee, xiii 

Adjutant-General, 229 

Administrative Bureaus, 25 

Advisory Art Committee, Liberty 
Loan, 10 

Aerial Attacks, Protection against, 141 

After-care of War Cripples, 255 

Aid, Free Legal, 256 

Air Raids, Repulsion of, xv 

Americanization, 131, 264 

Americanization Meetings, 263, 264 

Anti-loafing Law, 233 

Anti-rat Quarantine, 189 

Appeals, War, 31 

Arbitration, Conciliation and, 92 

Architects, 9, 12 

Armenian and Syrian Relief Commit- 
tee, 263 

Armories, State, 6 

Army and Navy Forces, 23 

Army and Navy Forces, Committee 
on, I 

Arrears of Pay for Forces, 255 

Art in War, 9 

Artists, 9 

Arts and Decoration, 24 

Arts and Decoration, Committee on, 

7, 137 
Associated Cities, Committee on, 

15,28 
Associated War Work, 22 
Associated War Work, Committee on, 

29 
Automobile Service, Free, 265 



B 

"Baffle Painting," 13 

Bands, Free Service of, 266 

Bar, War Committee of the, 99 

Battle-ships, Foreign, 82 

Block Parties, 262 

Board of Aldermen, Committee on 
General Welfare, 97 

British-Canadian Recruiting Mission, 
266 

British Government, 9 

British Trade Union Congress, 91 

Broadway Association, 159 

Brooklyn Navy Yard, 269 

Building and Construction, 25 

Building and Construction, Commit- 
tee on, 39, 125 

Bureau of Employment, 232 

Bureau of Information, 236 

Bureau of Investigation and Intelli- 
gence, 3, 27, 98, 240 

Bureau of Publicity, 242 

Bureau of Transportation, Telegraph 
and Mails, 27, 83, 230, 248, 265 

Bureau of Recruiting, 247 

Bureau of Red Cross and Civic Aid, 
28, 254 

Bureau of Speakers, 148, 258 

Bureau of Volunteer Service, 272 

Bureaus, Administrative, 25 

Buses, Sight-seeing, 268 



Camouflage, 9, 13 
Camouflage, Marine, 13 
Camouflage, Military, 13 



[1320 



INDEX 



Campaigns, Clean-up, 1S7 
Canadian "Kilties," 267 
Cantonments, 9 
, Cartoons, 12 
Census of Seamen, 195 
Chambers of Commerce, Junior, 72 
Charities, Questionable, 32 
Charities, Unification of, 34 
Children's Court, 97 
Cities, Associated, 15 
Citizens' Auxiliary to Fire Depart- 
ment, 178 
Citizenship, Plans for Constructive, 

134 
City Commissions, 75 
Civic Aid, Red Cross and, 254 
Civic Betterment, 17 
Civic Finance, 21 
Civic Finance, Committee on, 45 
Civic Problems, 19 
Civic Problems, Committee on, 53 
Civics, School Instruction in, 154 
Clean-up Campaigns, 187 
Coal Distribution, Problem of, 213 
Coal, Municipal Purchase of, 76 
Coaling Facilities, Co-ordination of, 

198 
Columbia War Hospital, 267 
Commerce, 29 

Commerce, Committee on, 67 
Commercial Economy Board, 159 
Committee on Army and Navy 

Forces, i 
Committee on Arts and Decoration, 

1, 137 
Committee on Associated Cities, 15,28 
Committee on Civic Finance, 45 
Committee on Civic Problems, 53 
Committee on Commerce, 67 
Committee on Domestic Supplies, 73 
Committee on Entertainment and Re- 
ception, 79 
Committee on Labor, 85 
Committee on Law, 4, 93, 229 
Committee on Loyalty, 10 1 
Committee on Medical and Surgical 

Relief, 4, 1 1 1 
Committee on National Activities, 121 



Nationalism, 127 
Organized Guard, 139 
Public Instruction, 145 
Retail Industries, 157, 

Risks and Insurance, 

Sanitation, 181 
Shipping and Harbor 

Trades and Manufac- 

Transportation, 209 
Wholesale Industries, 



Committee on 

Committee on 

Committee on 

Committee on 
219 

Committee on 
167 

Committee on 

Committee on 
Defense, 191 

Committee on 
tures, 201 

Committee on 

Committee on 
215 

Communal Cleanliness, 187 

Community Councils, 55 

Community Music, 149 

Compensation, Government, 255 

Conciliation and Arbitration, 92 

Conference, City Hall, 64 

Congestion, Traffic, 204 

Construction, Building and. Commit- 
tee on, 39 

Convalescent and Wounded, 6 

Co-operation Among Industrial 
Classes, 91 

Co-operation, Manufacturers' Pledges 
of, 42 

Co-operation with War Societies, 270 

Co-ordination of Federal and Munici- 
pal Authorities, Committee on, 200 

Co-ordination of War Work, Plan 
for, 57 

Council of National Defense, 59, 236, 
261 

Court of Special Sessions, 233 

Cripples, After-care of War, 255 

Crusades of Health Department, 118, 
185 

D 

Decentralization of Industries, 204 
Decoration, Arts and, Comrhittee on, 

7. 137 
Delinquency, Juvenile, 64 
Deliveries, Cost of, 163 
Deliveries, Restriction of, 160 



1:322:] 



INDEX 



Departmental Activities, 227 

Designation Targets, 9, 12 

Destruction of Property by Draft 
Riots, XIII 

Dock Frontages, New, 196 

Docks, 125, 193 

Docks, Co-operation with Commis- 
sioner of, 194 

Domestic Supplies, 19 

Domestic Supplies, Committee on, 73 

Draft Act, 264 

Draft Boards, 273 

Draft Bureaus, 237 

Draft, Director of, 269 

Draft Evaders, 3 

Draft, Explaining the, 258 

Draft Information Bureau, 229 

Draft Quotas, Special, 249 

Draft Registration Meetings, 259 

Draft Riots, New York, xiii 

Drug Evil in New York, 116 

Drug Evil in U. S., 27, 116 

Drug Evil, New York City, Commit- 
tee on, 115 



Emergency Fleet Corporation, 198 
Employment, 28 
Employment Bureau, 232 
Employment Bureau, U. S., 235 
Engineers' Reserve Corps, 12 
Entertainment and Reception, 24 
Entertainment and Reception, Com- 
mittee on, 6, 79 
Entertainment of Soldiers and Sailors, 

220 
Espionage, Laws on, 99 
European Cities, Fire Inspection, 169 
European Cities, Freight and Passen- 
ger Service in, 70 
Europe, Juvenile Delinquency in, 64 
Executive Committee Heads, 26 
Executive Committee, Thanks to, xvi 
Executive Staff, Acknowledgments to, 

XVI 

Exhibitions, Committee on, 10 
Explosives, Protection against, 198 
Extortion, Prevention of, 90 



Federal and Municipal Authorities, 
Committee on Co-ordination of, 200 
Federal Government, 252 
Federal Government, Rights of, 99 
Fifth Avenue Association, 159 
Finance, Civic, Committee on, 45 
Finances, 226 
Fire Department, 171 
Fire Department, Citizens' Auxiliary 

to, 178 
Fire Hazard, War's Effect on, 172 
Fire Inspection, European Cities, 169 
Fire Losses, National, 172 
Fire Losses, New York City, 169 
Fire Prevention, 169 
Fire Prevention Day, 187 
Fire Zoning, City, 169 
Flag Day, 103 
"Floaters," Industrial, 234 
Food Administration, U. S., 261 
Food Conservation Meetings, 261 
Food Supplies, Handling and Shipping 

of, 77 
Food Zoning, 78 
Foreign Born, Protection of, 96 
Foreign Language Press, 243 
Foreign Language Speakers, 261 
Fourth of July Parade, 10, 14, 103, 129 
Free Automobile Service, 265 
Freight Congestion, 175 
Fuel Situation, 176 



General Contractors' Association, 135 
General Welfare, Board of Aldermen, 

Committee on, 97 
Governmental Demands, Centralizing 

of, 199 
Guard, Organized, Committee on, 139 
Guards, Loyalty, 104 

H 

Harbor Defense, Shipping and. Com- 
mittee on, 191 

Harbor Facilities, Committee on 
UtiHzation of, 200 

Harbor Protection, 193 



1:323: 



INDEX 



"Have a Lift" Cards, 268 
Health Department, 118, 183 
Health Department, Crusades of, 1 18, 

185 
Health Leagues, 118 
Health Pamphlets, 1 18 
Health Zoning, 113 
Home Service, 254 
Hospitality, 4, 220, 237 
Hospitals, g 
Housing and Health, Greater New 

York, 190 

I 

Ice-breaking, Harbor, 199, 211 
Immigrant, Aiding the, 205 
Independence Day Pageant-Parade, 

10, 14, 103, 129 
Industrial Control, Unified, 89 
Industrial "Floaters," 234 
Industrial Housing, 190 
Industrial Rehabilitation, 221, 238 
Industries, Committee on Retail, 157, 

219 
Industries, Retail, 18 
Industries, Wholesale, 18 
Industries, Wholesale, Committee on, 

215 
Industry, Protecting, 222 
Information Bureau, 9, 236 
Instruction, Public, Committee on, 

145, 152 
Insurance Companies, Liability of, 99 
Insurance, Risks and. Committee on, 

167 
Intelligence and Investigation, Bureau 

of, 3, 27, 98, 240 
Investigation and Intelligence, Bureau 

of, 3, 27, 98, 240 
Investigation, Boards of, 36 
Italian War Relief Fund of America, 

263 



Junior Chambers of Commerce, 72 
Juvenile Delinquency, 64 
Juvenile Delinquency, Mayor's Proc- 
lamation on, 65 



K 

"Kilties," Canadian, 267 



Labor, 18, 49, 206 

Labor, After-war Problems of, 92 

Labor and Lighterage, Committee on, 

200 
Labor, Committee on, 86 
Labor in Politics, 91 
Labor, Interests of, 205 
Languages of New York, xiii 
Latin-American Trade, 71 
Law, 18 

Law, Committee on, 4, 93, 229 
Laws on Espionage, 99 
Legal Advisory Board, 97 
Legal Aid, Free, 256 
Legal Holidays, Celebration of, 136 
Legislation, 97 
Legislative Narcotic Drug Committee, 

Liaison Officers, Army and Navy, xiv 
Liberty Loan Drives, 220, 261 
Libraries, Commercial Advantage of 

Public, 153 
Life, Loss of, by Draft Riots, xiii 
Local Draft Boards, 98, 229, 259, 260, 

273 
Loss of Life by Draft Riots, xiii 
Loyalty, 17, loi, 131 
Loyalty, Committee on, loi 
Loyalty Guards, 104 
Loyalty, Mayor's Proclamation on, 

103 
Loyalty, Organized, 109 
Loyalty Pledge Campaign, 104 
Loyalty Week, 103 
Loyalty Week Luncheon, 105 
Loyalty Week, Permanent Plan for, 

108 
Luncheon, Loyalty Week, 105 

M 

"Made in America," 219 
Mails, Distribution of, 213 
Mails, Transportation, Telegraph and. 
Bureau of, 27, 83, 230, 248, 265 



113243 



INDEX 



Mail Tubes, 213 

Manufactures, 18 

Manufactures, Census of, 204 

Manufactures, Trades and, Committee 
on, 201 

Manufacturing Advantages of New 
York, 224 

Marginal Railways, 199, 212 

Marine Camouflage, 13 

Mayor, His Honor the, 129 

Mayor's Proclamations, 65, 103, 131 

Medical and Surgical Relief, 23 

Medical and Surgical Relief, Commit- 
tee on, 4, 1 1 1 

Memorial, War, 11 

Merchant Marine, 251 

Metropolitan Press, 243 

Military Camouflage, 13 

Military State Census, 273 

Motor Transport Corps, 265 

Munition Works, 9 



N 

National Activities, Committee on, 24, 
121 

National Anthem Day, 131 

National Anthem Day, Mayor's Proc- 
lamation on, 131 

National Army Parade, 267 

National Council of Defense, 59, 236, 
261 

Nationalism, 17 

Nationalism, Committee on, 127 

National Sculpture Society, 11 

Naturalization Laws, 96 

Naval District, Third, 253 

Naval Officers, Entertainment of, 82 

Navy Enlistment, 253 

Navy Forces, Army and, Committee 
on, I 

Newspaper Day, 104 

New York Guard, 5 

New York Harbor, Ice-breaking Fa- 
cilities, 199, 211 

New York Hotel Men's Association, 
267 



New York's Leadership, xiv 

New York Police Department, 251 

Non-War Construction, 43 

o 

Organizations, Co-operation with, 270 
Organization of the Mayor's Commit- 
tee, XIII 
Organized Guard, 23 
Organized Guard, Committee on, 139 
Overtime Work Dangers, 174 



Pageant-Parade, Independence Day, 

10, 14, 103, 129 
Pageantry and History, Committee 

on, 136 
Painters, 9 

Painting, "Baffle," 13 
Parade, Independence Day, 10 
Pay, Arrears of, 255 
Piers, New East River, 195 
"Pivot" Man, The, 248 
Plan for Co-ordination of War Work, 

57 
Plan of Mayor's Committee, xiii 
Police Department, New York, 251 
Polish Exhibit, 129 
Population, Diversified, of New York, 

XIII 

Port of New York, Defense of, 193 

Portuguese Exhibit, 129 

Poster Service, 266 

Posters, II 

Press Co-operation, 246 

Press, Metropolitan, 243 

Priorities Division, War Industries 

Board, 44 
Proclamation, Mayor's, on Juvenile 

Delinquency, 65 
Proclamation, Mayor's, on Loyalty, 

103 
Proclamation, Mayor's, on National 

Anthem Day, 131 
Property, Destruction of, by Draft 

Riots, XIII 
Public Health Law, 115 



I325I 



INDEX 



Public Information, Committee on, lo 

Public Instruction, 22 

Public Instruction, Committee on, 

145 
Publicity Bureau, 26, 242 



Quiet, Zones of, 117 
Quarantine Against Rats, 189 

R 

Rat, Menace of the, 188 
Rat, Quarantine Against the, 189 
Readjustment, After-war, 99, 165, 217 
Reception, Entertainment and. 

Committee on, 79 
Recreative Facilities, 4 
Recruiting, 12 
Recruiting Bureau, 247 
Recruiting for "Tanks," 260 
Recruiting Mission, British-Canadian, 

266 
Recruiting Meetings, 260 
Red Cross and Civic Aid, 28, 254 
Red Cross Drives, 261 
Rehabilitation, Industrial, 221, 238 
Retail Dry Goods Association, 159 
Retail Industries, 18 
Retail Industries, Committee on, 157, 

219 
Reviewing Stand, 11 
Risks and Insurance, 21 
Risks and Insurance, Committee on, 

167 
Risks, Apartment House, 177 
Russia, Message from, 106 



Sanitation, 22 

Sanitation, Committee on, 181 

School Instruction in Civics, 154 

Sculptors, 9, 13 

Seamen, Census of, 195 

Selective Service Law, 264 

"Send 'em away with a Smile!" 259 

Send-off Meetings, 264 

Sermons on Loyalty, 105 



Service Flag Meetings, 262 

Seventy-first Regiment Armory, 267 

Shipping Board, U. S. Emergency 
Fleet Corporation, 198 

Shipping and Harbor Defense, 21 

Shipping and Harbor Defense, Com- 
mittee on, 191 

Shipping and Water Front, Commit- 
tee on Protection of, 200 

Shipyards, 9 

Shop Meetings, 262, 263 

Sight-seeing buses, 268 

Social Welfare, 4 

Spanish Influenza, 114 

Speakers' Bureau, 148, 258 

Special Committees, Plan of, xiv 

Star-Spangled Banner, 132, 148 

State Census, 273 

Steamer Berthings, New, 194 

Submarine Depredations, Protection 
against, xv 

Supplies, Domestic, 19 

Surf, Yacht, 6 

Surgical Relief, Medical and. Com- 
mittee on 4, m 

Syrian Exhibit, 129 



"Tank," British, 269 

"Tanks," Recruiting for, 260 

Targets, Designation, 9 

Taxation, 47, 48 

Tax Exemption, Industrial, 223 

Thievery, Suppressing Harbor, 197 

Third Naval District, 253 

Trades, 18 

Trades and Manufactures, Committee 
on, 201 

Traflic Congestion, 212 

Traffic Problem, 211 

Transportation, Committee on, 209 

Transportation Problems, New York, 
20 

Transportation Supplied War Soci- 
eties, 270 

Transportation, Telegraph and Mails, 
Department of, 27, 83, 230, 248, 265 

Typists, Volunteer, 272 



1:3263 



INDEX 



U 

U. S. Employment Bureau, 235 
U. S. Food Administration, 261 
U. S. Shipping Board, Emergency 

Fleet Corporation, 198 
Urban Populations, Increase of, 211 

V 

Volunteer Service, Bureau of, 27, 272 
Volunteer Typists, 272 

w 

War Appeals, 31 

War Camp Community Service, 270 

War Chest, 35 

War Choruses, 149 

War Committee of the Bar, 99 

War Gardens, Greater New York, 186 

War Gardens' Committee, 267 

War Industries Board, 41, 95, 217 

War Memorial, 11 

War Readjustments, 165 



War Relief Organizations, Licensing 

of, 32 
War Savings Committee, Co-operation 

with, 262 
War's Effect on Fire Hazard, 172 
War Societies, Co-operation with, 270 
War Work, Co-ordination of, 56 
Wholesale Industries, 18 
Wholesale Industries, Committee on, 

215 
"Work or Fight" Order, 233 
Wounded and Convalescent, 6 



Yacht Surf, 6 



Zones of Quiet, 1 17 

Zoning, City Fire, 169 

Zoning, Food, 78 

Zoning, Health, 1 13 

Zoning System for Industries, 164 



C327] 



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